HIbernate的多对多关系-----单向和多向

当数据库表结构是多对多关系时,对应的实体类和相应的配置文件也需要是多对多的,多对多关系分为单向和多向,


一、单向

新建java项目,结构为:



需要的jar包及如何从hibernate官网获取jar包,请参见《Hibernate环境搭建和配置


实体类Function代码:

package com.robert.pojo;

public class Function {

	private int id ;
	private String name ;
	private String code ;
	private String url ;
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public String getCode() {
		return code;
	}
	public void setCode(String code) {
		this.code = code;
	}
	public String getUrl() {
		return url;
	}
	public void setUrl(String url) {
		this.url = url;
	}
	
}

Function.hbm.xml配置文件代码:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
	"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
	"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-mapping package="com.robert.pojo">
	<class name="Function">
		<id name="id">
			<generator class="native"></generator>
		</id>
		<property name="name"></property>
		<property name="code"></property>
		<property name="url"></property>

	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

实体类Role代码:

package com.robert.pojo;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

public class Role {

	private int id ;
	private String name ;
	private Set<Function> functions = new HashSet<Function>() ;
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public Set<Function> getFunctions() {
		return functions;
	}
	public void setFunctions(Set<Function> functions) {
		this.functions = functions;
	}
	
	
}

Role.hbm.xml配置文件代码:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
	"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
	"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-mapping package="com.robert.pojo">
	<class name="Role">
		<id name="id">
			<generator class="native"></generator>
		</id>
		<property name="name"></property>
		<!-- table:连接表表名;
			key中的column:在Role角度出发,连接表的主键key;
			many-to-many中的column:因为是多对多关系,所以用many-to-many,column是连接表中多对多列的列名,这个列名数据来自Function类
			
			cascade:设置为all,是为了保存数据时,能够将相关联的数据都存入数据库表中
		 -->
		<set name="functions" table="Role_Function" cascade="all">
			<key column="role_id" />
			<many-to-many column="function_id" class="Function" />
		</set>
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

关于连接表的配置信息,在文档中也是有的,如图:




hibernate.cfg.xml代码:

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
	"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
	"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
	<!-- 配置数据库连接信息 -->
	<property name="connection.driver_class">
		com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
	</property>
	<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql:///hibernate4</property>
	<property name="connection.username">root</property>
	<property name="connection.password">root</property>
	<!-- 数据库方言 -->
	<property name="hibernate.dialect">
		org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect
	</property>
	<!-- 是否打印sql语句 -->
	<property name="show_sql">true</property>
	<!-- 格式化sql语句 -->
	<property name="format_sql">true</property>
	<!-- 数据库更新方式: 
		1、create:每次更新都先把原有数据库表删除,然后创建该表;
		2、create-drop:使用create-drop时,在显示关闭SessionFacroty时(sessionFactory.close()),将drop掉数据库Schema(表) 
		3、validate:检测;
		4、update(常用):如果表不存在则创建,如果存在就不创建
	-->
	<property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>

	<!-- 加载Score实体类对应的配置文件 -->
	<mapping resource="com/robert/pojo/Function.hbm.xml" />
	<mapping resource="com/robert/pojo/Role.hbm.xml" />

</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

HIbernateUtil代码:

package com.robert.util;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

/**
 * hibernate工具类
 */
public class HibernateUtil {

	private static Configuration cfg = null;
	private static SessionFactory factory = null;
	private static Session session = null ;
	
	static {
		init();
	}

	/**
	 * 初始化获得Configuration和SessionFacroty对象
	 */
	public static void init() {
		cfg = new Configuration().configure();
		factory = cfg.buildSessionFactory(new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder()
				.applySettings(cfg.getProperties()).build());
	}

	/**
	 * 获得Session对象
	 * @return
	 */
	public static Session getSession() {
		if (factory != null){
			return session = factory.openSession();
		}
		

		init();
		return session = factory.openSession();
	}
	
	/**
	 * 关闭Session
	 */
	public static void closeSession() {
		if(session!=null && session.isOpen())
			session.close();
	}

}


HibernateTest中testCreateDB代码:

	/**
	 * 根据*.hbm.xml文件对应的生成数据库表
	 */
	@Test
	public void testCreateDB() {
		Configuration cfg = new Configuration().configure();
		SchemaExport se = new SchemaExport(cfg);
		// 第一个参数:是否生成ddl脚本
		// 第二个参数:是否执行到数据库中
		se.create(true, true);
	}

运行testCreateDB,创建数据库表

控制台打印的sql语句:

    alter table Role_Function 
        drop 
        foreign key FK_ffk1sq7hplj96dsmj3vsxlfwx

    alter table Role_Function 
        drop 
        foreign key FK_eogfmuh5hen05bqkg8sufs2pa

    drop table if exists Function

    drop table if exists Role

    drop table if exists Role_Function

    create table Function (
        id integer not null auto_increment,
        name varchar(255),
        code varchar(255),
        url varchar(255),
        primary key (id)
    )

    create table Role (
        id integer not null auto_increment,
        name varchar(255),
        primary key (id)
    )

    create table Role_Function (
        role_id integer not null,
        function_id integer not null,
        primary key (role_id, function_id)
    )

    alter table Role_Function 
        add constraint FK_ffk1sq7hplj96dsmj3vsxlfwx 
        foreign key (function_id) 
        references Function (id)

    alter table Role_Function 
        add constraint FK_eogfmuh5hen05bqkg8sufs2pa 
        foreign key (role_id) 
        references Role (id)

生成的数据库表如图:


testSave()方法代码如下:

	/**
	 * 保存数据
	 * 
	 * @throws HibernateException
	 * @throws SerialException
	 * @throws SQLException
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	@Test
	public void testSave() throws HibernateException, SerialException,
			SQLException, IOException {
		Session session = null;
		Transaction tx = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtil.getSession();
			tx = session.beginTransaction();

			Function function1 = new Function("用户管理", "user_mag", "userAction") ;
			Function function2 = new Function("角色管理", "role_mag", "roleAction") ;
			Function function3 = new Function("系统管理", "sys_mag", "sysAction") ;
			Function function4 = new Function("权限管理", "prev_mag", "prevAction") ;
			
			Role role = new Role() ;
			role.setName("admin") ;
			role.getFunctions().add(function1) ;
			role.getFunctions().add(function2) ;
			role.getFunctions().add(function3) ;
			role.getFunctions().add(function4) ;
			

			Role role2 = new Role() ;
			role2.setName("vip") ;
			role2.getFunctions().add(function1) ;
			role2.getFunctions().add(function2) ;
			
			session.save(role) ;
			session.save(role2) ;

			tx.commit();

		} catch (HibernateException e) {
			if (tx != null) {
				tx.rollback();
			}
			e.printStackTrace();
			throw e;
		} finally {
			HibernateUtil.closeSession();
		}
	}


使用Junit4运行,控制台打印sql语句如下:

Hibernate: 
    insert 
    into
        Role
        (name) 
    values
        (?)
Hibernate: 
    insert 
    into
        Function
        (name, code, url) 
    values
        (?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: 
    insert 
    into
        Function
        (name, code, url) 
    values
        (?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: 
    insert 
    into
        Function
        (name, code, url) 
    values
        (?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: 
    insert 
    into
        Function
        (name, code, url) 
    values
        (?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: 
    insert 
    into
        Role
        (name) 
    values
        (?)
Hibernate: 
    insert 
    into
        Role_Function
        (role_id, function_id) 
    values
        (?, ?)
Hibernate: 
    insert 
    into
        Role_Function
        (role_id, function_id) 
    values
        (?, ?)
Hibernate: 
    insert 
    into
        Role_Function
        (role_id, function_id) 
    values
        (?, ?)
Hibernate: 
    insert 
    into
        Role_Function
        (role_id, function_id) 
    values
        (?, ?)
Hibernate: 
    insert 
    into
        Role_Function
        (role_id, function_id) 
    values
        (?, ?)
Hibernate: 
    insert 
    into
        Role_Function
        (role_id, function_id) 
    values
        (?, ?)

数据库表中的数据如:







==============================================================

二、多向

项目结构以及大部分代码都和上面单向的项目一样,下面只列举出不同的代码

Role实体类新增加了关联Function代码,如下:

package com.robert.pojo;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

public class Role {

	private int id ;
	private String name ;
	private Set<Function> functions = new HashSet<Function>() ;//关联function
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public Set<Function> getFunctions() {
		return functions;
	}
	public void setFunctions(Set<Function> functions) {
		this.functions = functions;
	}
	
	
}

Role.hbm.xml代码增加了function的多对多的配置,代码如下:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
	"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
	"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-mapping package="com.robert.pojo">
	<class name="Role">
		<id name="id">
			<generator class="native"></generator>
		</id>
		<property name="name"></property>
		<!-- table:连接表表名;
			key中的column:在Role角度出发,连接表的主键key;
			many-to-many中的column:因为是多对多关系,所以用many-to-many,column是连接表中多对多列的列名,这个列名数据来自Function类
			
			cascade:设置为save-update:保存和更新多的一端的数据时,一的一端的数据,可以一起保存和更新 ;
		 -->
		<set name="functions" table="Role_Function" cascade="save-update">
			<key column="role_id" />
			<many-to-many column="function_id" class="Function" />
		</set>
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

注意:cascade必须是save-update才可以,

all时会报错,delete时会将function中的数据也删除。



运行testCreateDB,生成数据库表

运行testSave()方法,保存数据

都和上线的单向一样


写一个删除方法,删除role对象时,查看关联的表中对应的数据,是否会被删除,

testDelete()方法如下:


	/**
	 * 删除方法
	 * @throws HibernateException
	 * @throws SerialException
	 * @throws SQLException
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	@Test
	public void testDelete() throws HibernateException, SerialException,
			SQLException, IOException {
		Session session = null;
		Transaction tx = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtil.getSession();
			tx = session.beginTransaction();

			Role role = (Role) session.get(Role.class, 1) ;
			System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
			session.delete(role) ;
			
			tx.commit();

		} catch (HibernateException e) {
			if (tx != null) {
				tx.rollback();
			}
			e.printStackTrace();
			throw e;
		} finally {
			HibernateUtil.closeSession();
		}

	}



运行后,控制台打印的sql语句如下:

Hibernate: 
    select
        role0_.id as id1_1_0_,
        role0_.name as name2_1_0_ 
    from
        Role role0_ 
    where
        role0_.id=?
--------------------------------------
Hibernate: 
    delete 
    from
        Role_Function 
    where
        role_id=?
Hibernate: 
    delete 
    from
        Role 
    where
        id=?


查看数据库表Role和role_function中的相关数据已经被删除












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