iOS形变之CATransform3D

最新推荐文章于 2019-10-22 23:18:08 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2019-10-22 23:18:08 发布

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分类专栏： iOS开发文章标签： iOS CATransform3D

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本文介绍了CATransform3D类及其在iOS开发中的应用，包括平移、缩放、旋转等方法，并提供了实例代码说明如何操作CALayer实现3D形变效果。

目录(?)[-]
概述
样例素材
方法介绍
关于结构体中的m34

概述

CATransform3D是一个用于处理3D形变的类,其可以改变控件的平移、缩放、旋转、斜交等,其坐标系统采用的是三维坐标系,即向右为x轴正方向,向下为y轴正方向,垂直屏幕向外为z轴正方向

在CALayer中有一个transform属性便是专门用来控制3D形变的,其使用方法如下

样例素材

在介绍CALayer形变的过程中,我们会使用一个UIImageView图片为例,对各动画效果进行演示

<code class="language-objc hljs objectivec has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">@property</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">nonatomic</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">strong</span>) <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">UIImageView</span> *demoImageView;

- (<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span>)viewDidLoad
{
    [<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span> viewDidLoad];

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">self</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.demoImageView</span> = [[<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">UIImageView</span> alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">20</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">20</span>, [[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds]<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.size</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.width</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">40</span>, [[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds]<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.size</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.height</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">40</span>)];
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">self</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.demoImageView</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.image</span> = [<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">UIImage</span> imageNamed:@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"demo"</span>];
    [<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">self</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.view</span> addSubview:<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">self</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.demoImageView</span>];
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li></ul>

方法介绍

CATransform3DMakeTranslation实现以初始位置为基准,在x轴方向上平移x单位,在y轴方向上平移y单位,在z轴方向上平移z单位

<code class="language-objc hljs objectivec has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 格式</span>
CATransform3DMakeTranslation (<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">CGFloat</span> tx, <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">CGFloat</span> ty, <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">CGFloat</span> tz)
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 样例</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">self</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.demoImageView</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.layer</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.transform</span> = CATransform3DMakeTranslation(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">100</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">100</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>);</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul>

注: 注: 当tx为正值时,会向x轴正方向平移,反之,则向x轴负方向平移;当ty为正值时,会向y轴正方向平移,反之,则向y轴负方向平移;当tz为正值时,会向z轴正方向平移,反之,则向z轴负方向平移

CATransform3DMakeScale实现以初始位置为基准,在x轴方向上缩放x倍,在y轴方向上缩放y倍,在z轴方向上缩放z倍

<code class="language-objc hljs objectivec has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 格式</span>
CATransform3DMakeScale (<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">CGFloat</span> sx, <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">CGFloat</span> sy, <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">CGFloat</span> sz)
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 样例</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">self</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.demoImageView</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.layer</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.transform</span> = CATransform3DMakeScale(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0.5</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>);</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul>

注: 当sx为正值时,会在x轴方向上缩放x倍,反之,则在缩放的基础上沿着竖直线翻转;当sy为正值时,会在y轴方向上缩放y倍,反之,则在缩放的基础上沿着水平线翻转

CATransform3DMakeRotation实现以初始位置为基准,在x轴,y轴,z轴方向上逆时针旋转angle弧度(弧度=π/180×角度,M_PI弧度代表180角度),x,y,z三个参数只分是否为0

<code class="language-objc hljs objectivec has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 格式</span>
CATransform3DMakeRotation (<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">CGFloat</span> angle, <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">CGFloat</span> x, <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">CGFloat</span> y, <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">CGFloat</span> z)
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 样例</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">self</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.demoImageView</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.layer</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.transform</span> = CATransform3DMakeRotation(M_PI*<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0.25</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>);</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul>

注: 当x,y,z值为0时,代表在该轴方向上不进行旋转,当值为1时,代表在该轴方向上进行逆时针旋转,当值为-1时,代表在该轴方向上进行顺时针旋转

CATransform3DTranslate实现以一个已经存在的形变为基准,在x轴方向上平移x单位,在y轴方向上平移y单位,在z轴方向上平移z单位

<code class="language-objc hljs rsl has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 格式</span>
CATransform3DTranslate (CATransform3D t, CGFloat tx, CGFloat ty, CGFloat tz)
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 样例</span>
CATransform3D <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">transform</span> = CATransform3DIdentity;
<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">transform</span>.m34 = -<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1.0</span>/<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">500</span>;
self.demoImageView.layer.<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">transform</span> = CATransform3DTranslate(<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">transform</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">100</span>);</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>

CATransform3DScale实现以一个已经存在的形变为基准,在x轴方向上缩放x倍,在y轴方向上缩放y倍,在z轴方向上缩放z倍

<code class="language-objc hljs rsl has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 格式</span>
CATransform3DScale (CATransform3D t, CGFloat sx, CGFloat sy, CGFloat sz)
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 样例</span>
CATransform3D <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">transform</span> = CATransform3DIdentity;
<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">transform</span>.m34 = -<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1.0</span>/<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">500</span>;
self.demoImageView.layer.<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">transform</span> = CATransform3DScale(<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">transform</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0.5</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>);</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>

CATransform3DRotate实现以一个已经存在的形变为基准,在x轴,y轴,z轴方向上逆时针旋转angle弧度(弧度=π/180×角度,M_PI弧度代表180角度),x,y,z三个参数只分是否为0

<code class="language-objc hljs objectivec has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 格式</span>
CATransform3DRotate (CATransform3D t, <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">CGFloat</span> angle, <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">CGFloat</span> x, <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">CGFloat</span> y, <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">CGFloat</span> z)
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 样例</span>
CATransform3D transform = CATransform3DIdentity;
transform<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.m34</span> = -<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1.0</span>/<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">500</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">self</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.demoImageView</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.layer</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.transform</span> = CATransform3DRotate(transform, M_PI*<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0.25</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>);</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>

特殊地,transform属性默认值为CATransform3DIdentity,可以在形变之后设置该值以还原到最初状态

<code class="language-objc hljs avrasm has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">// 样例
self<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.demoImageView</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.layer</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.transform</span> = CATransform3DIdentity<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul>