android自定义控件

本文详细介绍Android中自定义控件的方法与步骤,包括创建继承布局文件或View的类、重写构造函数、编写attrs.xml文件等内容,并列举了各种属性类型的定义及使用示例。

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android中自定义控件是很常见的,很多应用都会用到。这里总结一下。

1、首先建一个类继承布局文件(可以是Relativelayout、Linearlayout…)或View。重写构造函数。
2、在values目录下编写attrs.xml属性文件,里面写自定义控件用到的属性。
3、使用方法:在布局文件中xmlns:custom(名字无所谓)=”http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/项目包名”,这样就可以在控件中使用这些属性。

上面是大概步骤,下面具体细节

1、先说说属性:
在attrs.xml中写需要的属性:
declare-styleable name:自定义属性文件的名字,在自定义控件类中调用
attr name:属性名 format:是属性的数据类型
format属性多很多种类下面说明:

1、reference:资源ID

属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = "名称">

    <attr name = "background" format = "reference" />

</declare-styleable>

属性使用: 

<ImageView
    android:layout_width = "42dip"
    android:layout_height = "42dip"
    android:background = "@drawable/图片ID"
/>

2、 color:颜色值。

属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = "名称"> 
  <attr name = "textColor" format = "color" /> 
</declare-styleable>

属性使用: 

<TextView 
   android:layout_width = "42dip"
   android:layout_height = "42dip"
   android:textColor = "#00FF00" 
   />

3、boolean:布尔值

属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = "名称">
    <attr name = "focusable" format = "boolean" />
</declare-styleable>

属性使用: 

<Button
  android:layout_width = "42dip"
  android:layout_height = "42dip"
  android:focusable = "true"
   />

4、dimension:尺寸

属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = "名称">
    <attr name = "layout_width" format = "dimension" />
</declare-styleable>

属性使用: 

<Button
  android:layout_width = "42dip"
  android:layout_height = "42dip"
  android:focusable = "true"
   />

5、float:浮点值

属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = "名称">
    <attr name = "fromAlpha" format = "float" />
    <attr name = "toAlpha" format = "float" />
</declare-styleable>

属性使用: 

 <alpha
    android:fromAlpha = "1.0"
    android:toAlpha = "0.7"
    />

6、 integer:整型值

属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = "名称">
     <attr name = "visible" />
     <attr name = "frameDuration" format="integer" />
     <attr name = "framesCount" format="integer" />
     <attr name = "pivotX" />
     <attr name = "pivotY" />
     <attr name = "drawable" />
</declare-styleable>

属性使用: 

 <animated-rotate 
     xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
     android:drawable = "@drawable/图片ID"  
     android:pivotX = "50%"  
     android:pivotY = "50%"  
     android:framesCount = "12"  
     android:frameDuration = "100" 
  />

7、 string:字符串

属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = "名称">
     <attr name = "apiKey" format = "string" />
</declare-styleable>

属性使用: 

 <animated-rotate 
     android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
     android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
     android:apiKey = "0jOkQ80oD1JL9C6HAja99uGXCRiS2CGjKO_bc_g"
  />

8、 fraction:百分数

属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = "名称">
     <attr name = "visible" />
     <attr name = "fromDegrees" format = "float" />
     <attr name = "toDegrees" format = "float" />
     <attr name = "pivotX" format = "fraction" />
     <attr name = "pivotY" format = "fraction" />
     <attr name = "drawable" />
</declare-styleable>

属性使用: 

  <rotate 
            xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
                           android:interpolator = "@anim/动画ID"

            android:fromDegrees = "0" 
                           android:toDegrees = "360"

            android:pivotX = "200%"

            android:pivotY = "300%" 
                           android:duration = "5000"

            android:repeatMode = "restart"

            android:repeatCount = "infinite"
            />

9、enum:枚举值。

1)属性定义:

            <declare-styleable name="名称">
                   <attr name="orientation">
                          <enum name="horizontal" value="0" />
                          <enum name="vertical" value="1" />
                   </attr>            

            </declare-styleable>

 (2)属性使用:

            <LinearLayout

                    xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
                    android:orientation = "vertical"
                    android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
                    android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
                    >
            </LinearLayout>
  1. flag:位或运算。
1)属性定义:

             <declare-styleable name="名称">
                    <attr name="windowSoftInputMode">
                            <flag name = "stateUnspecified" value = "0" />
                            <flag name = "stateUnchanged" value = "1" />
                            <flag name = "stateHidden" value = "2" />
                            <flag name = "stateAlwaysHidden" value = "3" />
                            <flag name = "stateVisible" value = "4" />
                            <flag name = "stateAlwaysVisible" value = "5" />
                            <flag name = "adjustUnspecified" value = "0x00" />
                            <flag name = "adjustResize" value = "0x10" />
                            <flag name = "adjustPan" value = "0x20" />
                            <flag name = "adjustNothing" value = "0x30" />
                     </attr>         

             </declare-styleable>

     (2)属性使用:

            <activity

                   android:name = ".StyleAndThemeActivity"
                   android:label = "@string/app_name"
                   android:windowSoftInputMode = "stateUnspecified | stateUnchanged | stateHidden">
                   <intent-filter>
                          <action android:name = "android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                          <category android:name = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
                   </intent-filter>
             </activity>

     注意:

     属性定义时可以指定多种类型值。

    (1)属性定义:

        <declare-styleable name = "名称"> 
          <attr name = "background" format = "reference|color" /> 
        </declare-styleable>

    (2)属性使用:

           <ImageView 
               android:layout_width = "42dip"
               android:layout_height = "42dip"
               android:background = "@drawable/图片ID|#00FF00" 
           />
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