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<p></p><p> <a href="http://my.youkuaiyun.com/Evankaka" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">林炳文Evankaka</a>原创作品。转载请注明出处<a href="http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/evankaka" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/evankaka</a><span style="font-size:18px;"></span></p><p style="color:#444444;"><span style="font-size:18px;">Quartz API核心接口有：</span></p><ul style="color:#444444;"><li><span style="font-size:18px;">Scheduler – 与scheduler交互的主要API；</span></li><li><span style="font-size:18px;">Job – 你通过scheduler执行任务，你的任务类需要实现的接口；</span></li><li><span style="font-size:18px;">JobDetail – 定义Job的实例；</span></li><li><span style="font-size:18px;">Trigger – 触发Job的执行；</span></li><li><span style="font-size:18px;">JobBuilder – 定义和创建JobDetail实例的接口;</span></li><li><span style="font-size:18px;">TriggerBuilder – 定义和创建Trigger实例的接口；</span></li><li><span style="font-size:18px;"><br></span></li></ul><p><span style="font-size:24px;"><a href="http://download.youkuaiyun.com/detail/evankaka/8704469" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">本文工程免费下载</a></span></p><h1><a name="t0"></a><span style="font-size:18px;color:#FF0000;"><span style="font-size:24px;">一、Job</span></span></h1><p></p><p><span style="font-size:18px;"> 在上一节中，Job中定义了实际的业务逻辑，而JobDetail包含Job相关的配置信息。<strong><span style="color:#FF0000;">在Quartz中，每次Scheduler执行Job时，在调用其execute()方法之前，它需要先根据JobDetail提供的Job类型创建一个Job class的实例，在任务执行完以后，Job class的实例会被丢弃，Jvm的垃圾回收器会将它们回收。</span></strong>因此编写Job的具体实现时，需要注意：</span></p><p><span style="font-size:18px;">(1) 它必须具有一个无参数的构造函数；</span></p><p><span style="font-size:18px;">(2) 它不应该有静态数据类型，因为每次Job执行完以后便被回收，因此在多次执行时静态数据没法被维护。</span></p><p><span style="font-size:18px;"> 在JobDetail中有这么一个成员JobDataMap，JobDataMap是Java Map接口的具体实现，并添加了一些便利的方法用于存储与读取原生类型数据，里面包含了当Job实例运行时，你希望提供给它的所有数据对象。</span></p><p><span style="font-size:18px;"> 可以借助JobDataMap为Job实例提供属性/配置，可以通过它来追踪Job的执行状态等等。对于第一种情况，可以在创建Job时，添加JobDataMap数据，在Job的execute()中获取数据，第二种，则可以在Listener中通过获取JobDataMap中存储的状态数据追踪Job的执行状态。</span></p><p><span style="font-size:18px;">一个实现了Job接口的Java类就能够被调度器执行。接口如下：</span></p><p></p><pre onclick="hljs.copyCode(event)"><code class="language-java hljs"><ol class="hljs-ln"><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">packageorg.quartz;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">publicinterface Job {</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">execute</span><span class="hljs-params">(JobExecutionContext context)</span> throwsJobExecutionException</span>;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">}</div></div></li></ol></code><div class="hljs-button" data-title="复制"></div></pre><br><span style="font-size:18px;"> 很简的，当Job的trigger触发时，Job的execute(..)方法就会被调度器调用。被传递到这个方法里来的JobExecutionContext对象提供了带有job运行时的信息：执行它的调度器句柄、触发它的触发器句柄、job的JobDetail对象和一些其他的项。JobDetail对象是Job在被加到调度器里时所创建的，它包含有很多的Job属性设置，和JobDataMap一样，可以用来存储job实例时的一些状态信息。</span><p></p><span style="font-size:18px;">比如如下任务类</span><br><p></p><pre onclick="hljs.copyCode(event)"><code class="language-java hljs"></code><div class="hljs-button" data-title="复制"></div></pre><div class="dp-highlighter bg_java"><div class="bar"><div class="tools"><b>[java]</b> <a href="#" class="ViewSource" title="view plain" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('ViewSource',this);return false;">view plain</a><span data-mod="popu_168"> <a href="#" class="CopyToClipboard" title="copy" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('CopyToClipboard',this);return false;">copy</a><div style="position: absolute; left: 612px; top: 1543px; width: 16px; height: 16px; z-index: 99;"><embed id="ZeroClipboardMovie_1" src="https://csdnimg.cn/public/highlighter/ZeroClipboard.swf" loop="false" menu="false" quality="best" bgcolor="#ffffff" width="16" height="16" name="ZeroClipboardMovie_1" align="middle" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="false" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" flashvars="id=1&width=16&height=16" wmode="transparent"></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 612px; top: 1543px; width: 16px; height: 16px; z-index: 99;"><embed id="ZeroClipboardMovie_2" src="https://csdnimg.cn/public/highlighter/ZeroClipboard.swf" loop="false" menu="false" quality="best" bgcolor="#ffffff" width="16" height="16" name="ZeroClipboardMovie_2" align="middle" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="false" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" flashvars="id=2&width=16&height=16" wmode="transparent"></div></span><span data-mod="popu_169"> <a href="#" class="PrintSource" title="print" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('PrintSource',this);return false;">print</a></span><a href="#" class="About" title="?" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('About',this);return false;">?</a></div></div><ol start="1" class="dp-j"><li class="alt"><span><span><code </span><span class="keyword">class</span><span>=</span><span class="string">"language-java"</span><span>></span><span class="keyword">package</span><span> com.mucfc; </span></span></li><li class=""><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="keyword">import</span><span> java.util.Date; </span></span></li><li class=""><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="keyword">import</span><span> org.apache.commons.logging.Log; </span></span></li><li class=""><span><span class="keyword">import</span><span> org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory; </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="keyword">import</span><span> org.quartz.Job; </span></span></li><li class=""><span><span class="keyword">import</span><span> org.quartz.JobDetail; </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="keyword">import</span><span> org.quartz.JobExecutionContext; </span></span></li><li class=""><span><span class="keyword">import</span><span> org.quartz.JobExecutionException; </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> </span></li><li class=""><span><span class="keyword">public</span><span> </span><span class="keyword">class</span><span> NewJob </span><span class="keyword">implements</span><span> Job{ </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">static</span><span> Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(NewJob.</span><span class="keyword">class</span><span>); </span></span></li><li class=""><span> <span class="annotation">@Override</span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">public</span><span> </span><span class="keyword">void</span><span> execute(JobExecutionContext context) </span><span class="keyword">throws</span><span> JobExecutionException { </span></span></li><li class=""><span> System.err.println(<span class="string">"Hello! NewJob is executing."</span><span>+</span><span class="keyword">new</span><span> Date() ); </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="comment">//取得job详情</span><span> </span></span></li><li class=""><span> JobDetail jobDetail = context.getJobDetail(); </span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="comment">// 取得job名称</span><span> </span></span></li><li class=""><span> String jobName = jobDetail.getClass().getName(); </span></li><li class="alt"><span> logger.info(<span class="string">"Name: "</span><span> + jobDetail.getClass().getSimpleName()); </span></span></li><li class=""><span> <span class="comment">//取得job的类</span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> logger.info(<span class="string">"Job Class: "</span><span> + jobDetail.getJobClass()); </span></span></li><li class=""><span> <span class="comment">//取得job开始时间</span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> logger.info(jobName + <span class="string">" fired at "</span><span> + context.getFireTime()); </span></span></li><li class=""><span> logger.info(<span class="string">"Next fire time "</span><span> + context.getNextFireTime()); </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> } </span></li><li class=""><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span>} </span></li><li class=""><span></code> </span></li></ol></div><pre class="java" name="code" style="display: none;" onclick="hljs.copyCode(event)"><code class="language-java hljs"><ol class="hljs-ln" style="width:50px"><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> com.mucfc;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> java.util.Date;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.apache.commons.logging.Log;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.quartz.Job;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.quartz.JobDetail;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.quartz.JobExecutionException;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">NewJob</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">implements</span> <span class="hljs-title">Job</span></span>{</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(NewJob.class); </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-meta">@Override</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">execute</span><span class="hljs-params">(JobExecutionContext context)</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> JobExecutionException </span>{</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> System.err.println(<span class="hljs-string">"Hello! NewJob is executing."</span>+<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Date() );</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-comment">//取得job详情</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> JobDetail jobDetail = context.getJobDetail(); </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-comment">// 取得job名称</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> String jobName = jobDetail.getClass().getName();</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> logger.info(<span class="hljs-string">"Name: "</span> + jobDetail.getClass().getSimpleName()); </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-comment">//取得job的类</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> logger.info(<span class="hljs-string">"Job Class: "</span> + jobDetail.getJobClass()); </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-comment">//取得job开始时间</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> logger.info(jobName + <span class="hljs-string">" fired at "</span> + context.getFireTime()); </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> logger.info(<span class="hljs-string">"Next fire time "</span> + context.getNextFireTime()); </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> }</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">}</div></div></li></ol></code><div class="hljs-button" data-title="复制"></div></pre><br><br><span style="font-size:18px;"> 当 Scheduler 调用一个 Job，一个 JobexecutionContext 传递给 execute() 方法。JobExecutionContext 对象让 Job 能访问 Quartz 运行时候环境和 Job 本身的明细数据。这就类似于在 Java Web 应用中的 servlet 访问 ServletContext 那样。通过 JobExecutionContext，Job 可访问到所处环境的所有信息，包括注册到 Scheduler 上与该 Job 相关联的 JobDetail 和 Triiger。</span><br><p></p><h1><a name="t1"></a><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="font-size:24px;color:#FF0000;">二、JobDetail </span><br></span></h1><p><span style="font-size:18px;"></span></p><p><span style="font-size:18px;">JobDetail实例是通过JobBuilder类创建的</span></p><p><span style="font-size:18px;">可以通过导入该类下的所有静态方法</span></p><pre onclick="hljs.copyCode(event)"><code class="language-java hljs"> <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> org.quartz.JobBuilder.*;</code><div class="hljs-button" data-title="复制"></div></pre><span style="font-size:18px;">然后是创建：</span><pre onclick="hljs.copyCode(event)"><code class="language-java hljs"><ol class="hljs-ln"><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> 创建一个JobDetail实例</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> JobDetail jobDetail = newJob(NewJob.class).withIdentity(<span class="hljs-string">"job1_1"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"jGroup1"</span>).build();</div></div></li></ol></code><div class="hljs-button" data-title="复制"></div></pre><span style="font-size:18px;">如果不导入静态包：</span><p><span style="font-size:18px;">那么就要用：</span></p><pre onclick="hljs.copyCode(event)"><code class="language-java hljs"><ol class="hljs-ln" style="width:867px"><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> 创建一个JobDetail实例</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> obDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(NewJob.class).withIdentity(<span class="hljs-string">"job1_1"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"jGroup1"</span>).build();</div></div></li></ol></code><div class="hljs-button" data-title="复制"></div></pre><br><p><span style="font-size:18px;">对于部署在 Scheduler 上的每一个 Job 只创建了一个 JobDetail 实例。JobDetail 是作为 Job 实例进行定义的。注意到在代码 中不是把 Job 对象注册到 Scheduler；实际注册的是一个 JobDetail 实例。</span><br></p><pre onclick="hljs.copyCode(event)"><code class="language-java hljs"><ol class="hljs-ln" style="width:882px"><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">startSchedule</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> </span>{</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> { </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-comment">// 1、创建一个JobDetail实例，指定Quartz</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> JobDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(NewJob.class) <span class="hljs-comment">// 任务执行类 </span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> .withIdentity(<span class="hljs-string">"job1_1"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"jGroup1"</span>)<span class="hljs-comment">// 任务名，任务组 </span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> .build(); </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-comment">//2、创建Trigger</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> SimpleScheduleBuilder builder=SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule()</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> .withIntervalInSeconds(<span class="hljs-number">5</span>) <span class="hljs-comment">//设置间隔执行时间 </span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> .repeatSecondlyForTotalCount(<span class="hljs-number">5</span>);<span class="hljs-comment">//设置执行次数</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> Trigger trigger=TriggerBuilder.newTrigger().withIdentity(</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-string">"trigger1_1"</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"tGroup1"</span>).startNow().withSchedule(builder).build();</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-comment">//3、创建Scheduler</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> Scheduler scheduler=StdSchedulerFactory.getDefaultScheduler(); </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-comment">//4、调度执行</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, trigger); </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> scheduler.start(); </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> } <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (SchedulerException e) {</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> e.printStackTrace();</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> }</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> }</div></div></li></ol></code><div class="hljs-button" data-title="复制"></div></pre><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255);">结果：</span></span><p></p><p align="center"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255);"><img src="https://img-blog.youkuaiyun.com/20150429102136525" alt=""><br></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255);">从上面的代码中可以看JobDetail 被加到 Scheduler 中了，而不是 job。Job 类是作为 JobDetail 的一部份，但是它直到 Scheduler 准备要执行它的时候才会被实例化的。</span><br></span></p><p><span style="font-size:18px;"></span></p><table style="border-width:1px;border-style:none;" align="center" border="1"><tbody><tr><td><strong>直到执行时才会创建 Job 实例</strong> <br><br>Job 的实例要到该执行它们的时候才会实例化出来。每次 Job 被执行，一个新的 Job 实例会被创建。其中暗含的意思就是你的 Job 不必担心线程安全性，因为同一时刻仅有一个线程去执行给定 Job 类的实例，甚至是并发执行同一 Job 也是如此。</td></tr></tbody></table><br><p></p><p><span style="font-size:18px;"> 可以看到，我们传给scheduler一个JobDetail实例，因为我们在创建JobDetail时，将要执行的job的类名传给了JobDetail，所以scheduler就知道了要执行何种类型的job；每次当scheduler执行job时，在调用其execute(…)方法之前会创建该类的一个新的实例；执行完毕，对该实例的引用就被丢弃了，实例会被垃圾回收；这种执行策略带来的一个后果是，job必须有一个无参的构造函数（当使用默认的JobFactory时）；另一个后果是，在job类中，不应该定义有状态的数据属性，因为在job的多次执行中，这些属性的值不会保留。</span></p><p><span style="font-size:18px;"> 那么如何给job实例增加属性或配置呢？如何在job的多次执行中，跟踪job的状态呢？答案就是:JobDataMap，JobDetail对象的一部分。</span></p><span style="font-size:18px;"></span><h3 id="jobdatamap" style="color:#444444;"></h3><h1><a name="t3"></a><span style="font-size:24px;color:#FF0000;">三、JobDataMap</span></h1><p><span style="font-size:18px;"> JobDataMap中可以包含不限量的（序列化的）数据对象，在job实例执行的时候，可以使用其中的数据；JobDataMap是Java Map接口的一个实现，额外增加了一些便于存取基本类型的数据的方法。</span></p><p><span style="font-size:18px;">将job加入到scheduler之前，在构建JobDetail时，可以将数据放入JobDataMap，如下示例：</span></p><span style="font-size:18px;"></span><p style="color:#444444;"></p><p><span style="font-size:18px;"></span></p><pre onclick="hljs.copyCode(event)"><code class="language-java hljs"><ol class="hljs-ln" style="width:952px"><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> com.mucfc;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.quartz.Job;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.quartz.JobDataMap;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.quartz.JobExecutionException;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.quartz.JobKey;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">NewJob2</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">implements</span> <span class="hljs-title">Job</span></span>{</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-meta">@Override</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">execute</span><span class="hljs-params">(JobExecutionContext context)</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> JobExecutionException </span>{</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> JobKey key = context.getJobDetail().getKey();</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> JobDataMap dataMap = context.getJobDetail().getJobDataMap();</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> String jobSays = dataMap.getString(<span class="hljs-string">"jobSays"</span>);</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> myFloatValue = dataMap.getFloat(<span class="hljs-string">"myFloatValue"</span>);</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string">"Instance "</span> + key + <span class="hljs-string">" of DumbJob says: "</span> + jobSays + <span class="hljs-string">", and val is: "</span> + myFloatValue);</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> }</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">}</div></div></li></ol></code><div class="hljs-button" data-title="复制"></div></pre><p></p><p><span style="font-size:18px;">在job的执行过程中，可以从JobDataMap中取出数据，如下示例：</span></p><p></p><pre onclick="hljs.copyCode(event)"><code class="language-java hljs"><ol class="hljs-ln" style="width:882px"><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> com.mucfc;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.quartz.JobBuilder;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.quartz.JobDetail;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.quartz.Scheduler;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.quartz.SchedulerException;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.quartz.SimpleScheduleBuilder;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.quartz.Trigger;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.quartz.TriggerBuilder;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Test</span> </span>{</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">startSchedule</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> </span>{</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> {</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-comment">// 1、创建一个JobDetail实例，指定Quartz</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> JobDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(NewJob.class) <span class="hljs-comment">// 任务执行类 </span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> .withIdentity(<span class="hljs-string">"job1_1"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"jGroup1"</span>)<span class="hljs-comment">// 任务名，任务组 </span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> .build(); </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> JobDetail jobDetail2 = JobBuilder.newJob(NewJob2.class)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> .withIdentity(<span class="hljs-string">"job1_2"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"jGroup1"</span>) </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> .usingJobData(<span class="hljs-string">"jobSays"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"Hello World!"</span>)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> .usingJobData(<span class="hljs-string">"myFloatValue"</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3.141f</span>)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> .build();</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-comment">//2、创建Trigger</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> SimpleScheduleBuilder builder=SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule()</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> .withIntervalInSeconds(<span class="hljs-number">5</span>) <span class="hljs-comment">//设置间隔执行时间 </span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> .repeatSecondlyForTotalCount(<span class="hljs-number">5</span>);<span class="hljs-comment">//设置执行次数</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> Trigger trigger=TriggerBuilder.newTrigger().withIdentity(</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="35"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-string">"trigger1_1"</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"tGroup1"</span>).startNow().withSchedule(builder).build();</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="36"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-comment">//3、创建Scheduler</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="37"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> Scheduler scheduler=StdSchedulerFactory.getDefaultScheduler(); </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="38"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-comment">//4、调度执行</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="39"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail2, trigger); </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="40"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> scheduler.start(); </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="41"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> } <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (SchedulerException e) {</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="42"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> e.printStackTrace();</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="43"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> }</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="44"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="45"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> }</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="46"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">main</span><span class="hljs-params">(String[] args)</span> </span>{</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="47"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="48"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> Test test=<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Test();</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="49"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> test.startSchedule();</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="50"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> }</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="51"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="52"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">}</div></div></li></ol></code><div class="hljs-button" data-title="复制"></div></pre><br><span style="font-size:18px;">结果：</span><p></p><p align="center"><img src="https://img-blog.youkuaiyun.com/20150429102128477" alt=""><br></p><p><span style="font-size:18px;"><br></span></p><p><span style="font-size:24px;color:#FF0000;">四、 Trigger</span><span style="font-size:18px;"><br></span></p><p><span style="font-size:18px;"><em> </em> Trigger对象是用来触发执行Job的。当调度一个job时，我们实例一个触发器然后调整它的属性来满足job执行的条件。触发器也有一个和它相关的JobDataMap，它是用来给被触发器触发的job传参数的。Quartz有一些不同的触发器类型，不过，用得最多的是SimpleTrigger和CronTrigger。</span></p><p><span style="font-size:18px;"> 如果我们需要在给定时刻执行一次job或者在给定时刻触发job随后间断一定时间不停的执行的话，SimpleTrigger是个简单的解决办法；如果我们想基于类似日历调度的触发job的话，比如说，在每个星期五的中午或者在每个月第10天的10：15触发job时，CronTrigger是很有用的。</span></p><p><span style="font-size:18px;"> 为什么用jobs和triggers呢？很多任务调度器并没有任务和触发器的概念，一些任务调度器简单定义一个“job”为在一个执行时间伴随一些小任务标示，其他的更像Quartz里job和trigger对象的联合体。在开发Quartz时，开发者们决定，在调度时间表和在这上面运行的工作应该分开。这是很有用的。</span></p><p><span style="font-size:18px;"> 例如，job能够独立于触发器被创建和储存在任务调度器里，并且，很多的触发器能够与同一个job关联起来。这个松耦合的另一个好处就是在与jobs关联的触发器终止后，我们能够再次配置保留在调度器里的jobs，这样的话，我们能够再次调度这些jobs而不需要重新定义他们。我们也可以在不重新定义一个关联到job的触发器的情况下，修改或替代它。</span></p><p><span style="font-size:18px;"> 当Jobs和triggers被注册到Quartz的调度器里时，他们就有了唯一标示符。他们也可以被放到“groups”里，Groups是用来组织分类jobs和triggers的，以便今后的维护。在一个组里的job和trigger的名字必须是唯一的，换句话说，一个job和trigger的全名为他们的名字加上组名。如果把组名置为”null”，系统会自动给它置为Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP</span></p><p></p><p><span style="font-size:18px;">Scheduler在使用之前需要实例化。一般通过SchedulerFactory来创建一个实例。有些用户将factory的实例保存在JNDI中，但直接初始化，然后使用该实例也许更简单（见下面的示例）。</span></p><p><span style="font-size:18px;">scheduler实例化后，可以启动(start)、暂停(stand-by)、停止(shutdown)。注意：scheduler被停止后，除非重新实例化，否则不能重新启动；只有当scheduler启动后，即使处于暂停状态也不行，trigger才会被触发（job才会被执行）。</span></p><p><br></p><h1><a name="t4"></a><span style="font-size:24px;color:#FF0000;"><strong style="font-weight:bold;">五、SimpleTrigger的介绍</strong></span></h1><p><span style="font-size:18px;">正如其名所示，SimpleTrigger对于设置和使用是最为简单的一种 QuartzTrigger。它是为那种需要在特定的日期/时间启动，且以一个可能的间隔时间重复执行 n 次的 Job 所设计的。<br>我们前面已经在一个简单的Quartz的例子里使用过了SimpleTrigger，我们通过<br></span></p><pre onclick="hljs.copyCode(event)"><code class="language-java hljs"><ol class="hljs-ln"><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> SimpleScheduleBuilder builder=SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule()</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-comment">//设置间隔执行时间</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> .withIntervalInSeconds(<span class="hljs-number">5</span>)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-comment">//设置执行次数</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> .withRepeatCount(<span class="hljs-number">4</span>);</div></div></li></ol></code><div class="hljs-button" data-title="复制"></div></pre><pre onclick="hljs.copyCode(event)"><code class="language-java hljs"><ol class="hljs-ln" style="width:882px"><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> Trigger trigger=TriggerBuilder.newTrigger().withIdentity(</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-string">"trigger1_1"</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"tGroup1"</span>).startNow().withSchedule(builder).build();</div></div></li></ol></code><div class="hljs-button" data-title="复制"></div></pre><br><span style="font-size:18px;">或者无限执行</span><p></p><p></p><pre onclick="hljs.copyCode(event)"><code class="language-java hljs"><ol class="hljs-ln"><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> SimpleScheduleBuilder builder=SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule()</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-comment">//设置间隔执行时间</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> .withIntervalInSeconds(<span class="hljs-number">5</span>)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-comment">//设置执行次数</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> .repeatForever();</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> Trigger trigger=TriggerBuilder.newTrigger().withIdentity(</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-string">"trigger1_1"</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"tGroup1"</span>).startNow().withSchedule(builder).build();</div></div></li></ol></code><div class="hljs-button" data-title="复制"></div></pre><span style="font-size:18px;"><br>对于Quartz而言，它还不能满足我们的触发情况，所以它仅仅是用于一些简单的触发情况；<span style="font-size:24px;color:#FF0000;"><br></span></span><p></p><h1><a name="t5"></a><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="font-size:24px;color:#FF0000;"><strong style="font-weight:bold;">六、CronTrigger</strong></span></span></h1><p><span style="font-size:18px;"> CronTrigger 允许设定非常复杂的触发时间表。然而有时也许不得不使用两个或多个 SimpleTrigger来满足你的触发需求，这时候，你仅仅需要一个 CronTrigger 实例就够了。顾名思义，CronTrigger 是基于 Unix类似于 cron 的表达式。例如，你也许有一个 Job，要它在星期一和星期五的上午 8:00-9:00间每五分钟执行一次。假如你试图用 SimpleTrigger 来实现，你或许要为这个 Job 配置多个Trigger。然而，你可以使用如下的表达式来产生一个遵照这个时间表触发的 Trigger;<br>比如：<br></span></p><p><span style="font-size:18px;"><br></span></p><p><span style="font-size:18px;"></span></p><pre onclick="hljs.copyCode(event)"><code class="language-java hljs"><ol class="hljs-ln" style="width:1082px"><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span style="font-size:12px;"><span class="hljs-comment">// 创建Trigger</span></span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> CronScheduleBuilder builder2 = CronScheduleBuilder.cronSchedule(<span class="hljs-string">"0 0/5 8 * * *"</span>);<span class="hljs-comment">//8：00-8：55，每隔5分钟执行</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-comment"><span class="hljs-comment">/**</span></span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"> builder2 = CronScheduleBuilder.dailyAtHourAndMinute(12, 30);</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"> **/</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> Trigger trigger=TriggerBuilder.newTrigger().withIdentity(<span class="hljs-string">"trigger1_1"</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"tGroup1"</span>).startNow().withSchedule(builder2).build();</div></div></li></ol></code><div class="hljs-button" data-title="复制"></div></pre><p></p><p><span style="font-size:18px;"><br></span></p><p><span style="font-size:18px;"> 因为 CronTrigger内建的如此强的灵活性，也与生俱来可用于创建几乎无所限制的表达式，且因为支持unix的cron表达式，则做为企业应用，我们的操作系统一般也都以unxi操作系统为主，所以掌握CronTrigger的使用费用有必要，我们将在后面对CronTrigger 进行详细的介绍。</span><span style="font-size:18px;"><strong>cron 表达式的格式</strong></span><span style="font-size:18px;">见下一节。<br></span></p><h1><a name="t6"></a><span style="font-size:18px;color:#FF0000;"><span style="font-size:24px;">七、Job与Trigger的关系</span></span></h1><p><span style="font-size:18px;"> 大家都知道，一个作业，比较重要的三个要素就是Schduler，jobDetail，Trigger；而Trigger对于job而言就好比一个驱动器；没有触发器来定时驱动作业，作业就无法运行；对于Job而言，一个job可以对应多个Trigger，但对于Trigger而言，一个Trigger只能对应一个job；所以一个Trigger 只能被指派给一个 Job；如果你需要一个更复杂的触发计划，你可以创建多个 Trigger 并指派它们给同一个 Job。Scheduler 是基于配置在 Job上的 Trigger 来决定正确的执行计划的，下面就是为同一个 JobDetail 使用多个Trigger；<br></span></p><p><br></p><p><a href="http://my.youkuaiyun.com/Evankaka" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">林炳文Evankaka</a>原创作品。转载请注明出处<a 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