Springboot 单元测试注解报错或注入失败

最新推荐文章于 2025-04-24 21:53:01 发布

莞尔流年

最新推荐文章于 2025-04-24 21:53:01 发布

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分类专栏：开发中的问题文章标签： Springboot 单元测试单元测试注入失败

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/u010473656/article/details/80096552

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在进行Springboot单元测试时遇到找不到@SpringConfiguration注解的问题，错误源于测试类与启动类的包名不同。解决方案是确保两者包名一致。通过修改包名并参考链接中的解决方案，成功解决单元测试注入失败的问题。

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今天做单元测试遇到一个问题，报错信息如下：

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Unable to find a @SpringBootConfiguration, you need to use @ContextConfiguration or @SpringBootTest(classes=...) with your test
	at org.springframework.util.Assert.state(Assert.java:70)
	at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.getOrFindConfigurationClasses(SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.java:202)
	at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.processMergedContextConfiguration(SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.java:137)
	at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.buildMergedContextConfiguration(AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.java:409)
	at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.buildDefaultMergedContextConfiguration(AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.java:323)
	at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.buildMergedContextConfiguration(AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.java:277)
	at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.buildTestContext(AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.java:112)
	at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.buildTestContext(SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.java:82)
	at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.<init>(TestContextManager.java:120)
	at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.<init>(TestContextManager.java:105)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTestContextManager(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:152)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.<init>(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:143)
	at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
	at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
	at org.junit.internal.builders.AnnotatedBuilder.buildRunner(AnnotatedBuilder.java:104)
	at org.junit.internal.builders.AnnotatedBuilder.runnerForClass(AnnotatedBuilder.java:86)
	at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59)
	at org.junit.internal.builders.AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.runnerForClass(AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.java:26)
	at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59)
	at org.junit.internal.requests.ClassRequest.getRunner(ClassRequest.java:33)
	at org.junit.internal.requests.FilterRequest.getRunner(FilterRequest.java:36)
	at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:49)
	at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:51)
	at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
	at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)

报错信息提示：找不到 @SpringConfiguration 注解，添加了这个注解后，又报下面的错误：

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.mljr.acs.pay.statistic.service.ReportQueryPayFacade' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1493)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1104)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1066)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:585)

最后在网上查到了答案：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/leigh_/article/details/69409488（感谢博主分享）

其实就是 Springboot 项目的启动类和单元测试类的包名必须相同，如下所示：
这里写图片描述

红框部分的包名必须相同，我的不相同，所以报错了，改为同一个就好了。

下面附单元测试的代码：
单元测试pom：

 <dependency>
     <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
     <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
     <scope>test</scope>
 </dependency>

定义一个测试基类：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public abstract class BaseTest {
    
}

而后其他的测试类继承该类就可以了，非常方便。

业务测试类：

public class SettleFacadeTest extends BaseTest{
	
	@Resource
	ISettleQueryFacade settleQueryFacade;

	@Test
	public void queryDetailList(){
	    List<SettleDetail> detailList = settleQueryFacade.queryDetailList();	 
	}
}