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一.Service作用
它主要用于在后台处理一些耗时的逻辑,或者去执行某些需要长期运行的任务。必要的时候我们甚至可以在程序退出的情况下,让Service在后台继续保持运行状态。
二.基本用法
代码注意点:1.Service都必须在AndroidManifest.xml中注册;
2.多次执行startService()----MyService 中onCreate()只会执行一次,onStartConmmand()可以执行多次,执行stopService()服务销毁;
3.可以到手机的应用程序管理界面来检查一下MyService是不是正在运行(经检查是的)
4.Service其实是运行在主线程
public class MyService extends Service {
public static final String TAG = "MyService";
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
Log.d(TAG, "onCreate() executed");
}
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
Log.d(TAG, "onStartCommand() executed");
return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
Log.d(TAG, "onDestroy() executed");
}
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return null;
}
}
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<Button
android:id="@+id/start_service"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Start Service" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/stop_service"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Stop Service" />
</LinearLayout>
public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
private Button startService;
private Button stopService;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
startService = (Button) findViewById(R.id.start_service);
stopService = (Button) findViewById(R.id.stop_service);
startService.setOnClickListener(this);
stopService.setOnClickListener(this);
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (v.getId()) {
case R.id.start_service:
Intent startIntent = new Intent(this, MyService.class);
startService(startIntent);
break;
case R.id.stop_service:
Intent stopIntent = new Intent(this, MyService.class);
stopService(stopIntent);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
//AndroidManifest.xml配置
<service android:name="com.example.servicetest.MyService" >
三.Activity和Service之间的通讯(交互)
代码注意点:1.必要将点击startService()和bindService()之后,stopService()和unbind()两个按钮都点击一下,Service 才会被销毁;
//MyService中加入以下内容
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return mBinder;
}
private MyBinder mBinder = new MyBinder();
class MyBinder extends Binder {
public void startDownload() {
Log.d("TAG", "startDownload() executed");
// 执行具体的下载任务
}
}
//布局中加入两个按钮 绑定和解绑操作
<Button
android:id="@+id/bind_service"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Bind Service" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/unbind_service"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Unbind Service" />
//MainActivity加入以下代码
private Button bindService;
private Button unbindService;
private MyService.MyBinder myBinder;
private ServiceConnection connection = new ServiceConnection() {
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
}
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
myBinder = (MyService.MyBinder) service;
myBinder.startDownload();
}
};
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (v.getId()) {
case R.id.bind_service:
Intent bindIntent = new Intent(this, MyService.class);
bindService(bindIntent, connection, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
break;
case R.id.unbind_service:
unbindService(connection);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
四.Service和Thread的关系
Service和Thread之间没有任何关系 ,Service的后台概念,耗时操作放在Thread中;
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
// 开始执行后台任务
}
}).start();
return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
}
class MyBinder extends Binder {
public void startDownload() {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
// 执行具体的下载任务
}
}).start();
}
}
五.创建前台Service
使用Notification
六.Service跨进程通信 (AIDL)
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