安装扩展源
查看下，当前有7个
[root@evan-01 yum.repos.d]# ls
bak CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Sources.repo
CentOS7-Base-163.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo
[root@evan-01 yum.repos.d]#
安装拓展源
[root@evan-01 yum.repos.d]# yum install -y epel-release
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package epel-release.noarch 0:7-11 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
====================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
====================================================================================================================================
Installing:
epel-release noarch 7-11 extras 15 k
Transaction Summary
====================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 15 k
Installed size: 24 k
Downloading packages:
epel-release-7-11.noarch.rpm | 15 kB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : epel-release-7-11.noarch 1/1
Verifying : epel-release-7-11.noarch 1/1
Installed:
epel-release.noarch 0:7-11
Complete!
[root@evan-01 yum.repos.d]#
再来查看下
[root@evan-01 yum.repos.d]# ls
bak CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Sources.repo epel.repo
CentOS7-Base-163.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo epel-testing.repo
[root@evan-01 yum.repos.d]#
我们发现现在已经有了9个文件了，多了 epel.repo 和 epel-testing.repo
查看安装后的列表
[root@evan-01 yum.repos.d]# yum list | grep epel
...（省略很多内容）
portlet-2.0-api.noarch 1.0-13.1.el7 epel
portlet-2.0-api-javadoc.noarch 1.0-13.1.el7 epel
portmidi.x86_64 217-15.el7 epel
portmidi-devel.x86_64 217-15.el7 epel
portmidi-tools.x86_64 217-15.el7 epel
postbooks.x86_64 4.10.0-11.el7 epel
postbooks-devel.x86_64 4.10.0-11.el7 epel
postbooks-libs.x86_64 4.10.0-11.el7 epel
postgis.x86_64 2.0.7-2.el7 epel
postgis-docs.x86_64 2.0.7-2.el7 epel
postgis-utils.x86_64 2.0.7-2.el7 epel
postgresql-pgpool-II.x86_64 3.4.6-1.el7 epel
postgresql-pgpool-II-devel.x86_64 3.4.6-1.el7 epel
postgresql-pgpool-II-extensions.x86_64 3.4.6-1.el7 epel
postgresql-plruby.x86_64 0.5.3-13.el7 epel
postgresql-plruby-doc.x86_64 0.5.3-13.el7 epel
postgrey.noarch 1.34-12.el7 epel
potrace.x86_64 1.15-1.el7 epel
potrace-devel.x86_64 1.15-1.el7 epel
potrace-doc.noarch 1.15-1.el7 epel
powerman.x86_64 2.3.25-1.el7 epel
下载 rpm 包，而不安装
有时候我们需要下载 rpm 包但是不安装，仅仅是复制给其他机器使用。前面也介绍过使用 yum 工具安装 rpm 包时，首先得下载这个 rpm 包，然后再去安装，所以使用 yum 工具完全可以做到只下载而不安装
[root@evan-01 yum.repos.d]# yum install botan --downloadonly
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* epel: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package botan.x86_64 0:1.10.17-1.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
====================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
====================================================================================================================================
Installing:
botan x86_64 1.10.17-1.el7 epel 909 k
Transaction Summary
====================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 909 k
Installed size: 2.8 M
Background downloading packages, then exiting:
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/epel/packages/botan-1.10.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm.1508.tmp: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 352c64e5: NOKEY
Public key for botan-1.10.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm.1508.tmp is not installed
botan-1.10.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 909 kB 00:00:02
exiting because "Download Only" specified
[root@evan-01 yum.repos.d]#
检查下有没有被安装
[root@evan-01 yum.repos.d]# rpm -q botan
package botan is not installed
[root@evan-01 yum.repos.d]#
默认下载的目录
这样虽然下载了，但是并没有保存到我们预想的目录下，默认会在 /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/xxx/packages 下面，这里的 xxx 指的是 base、updatex 或者 extras等，它跟 yum list 最右侧的字符串是一致的
[root@evan-01 yum.repos.d]# ls /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/epel/packages/botan-1.10.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/epel/packages/botan-1.10.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@evan-01 yum.repos.d]#
指定下载路径下载，并查看
[root@evan-01 yum.repos.d]# yum install -y botan --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* epel: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package botan.x86_64 0:1.10.17-1.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
====================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
====================================================================================================================================
Installing:
botan x86_64 1.10.17-1.el7 epel 909 k
Transaction Summary
====================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 909 k
Installed size: 2.8 M
Background downloading packages, then exiting:
exiting because "Download Only" specified
[root@evan-01 yum.repos.d]# cd /tmp
[root@evan-01 tmp]# ls | grep botan-1.10.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
botan-1.10.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@evan-01 tmp]#
如果包已经安装过了，那么使用 yum install --downloadonly 就不起作用了，它会提示这个包已经安装过了，根本就下载不下来，那么这个时候怎么办呢？总不能把之前安装好的先卸载掉然后再安装吧？下面有个办法可以解决
指定下载路径下载已安装过的包，并查看
[root@evan-01 tmp]# yum reinstall -y vim-enhanced --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* epel: mirrors.yun-idc.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package vim-enhanced.x86_64 2:7.4.160-6.el7_6 will be reinstalled
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
====================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
====================================================================================================================================
Reinstalling:
vim-enhanced x86_64 2:7.4.160-6.el7_6 updates 1.0 M
Transaction Summary
====================================================================================================================================
Reinstall 1 Package
Total download size: 1.0 M
Installed size: 2.2 M
Background downloading packages, then exiting:
vim-enhanced-7.4.160-6.el7_6.x86_64.rpm | 1.0 MB 00:00:01
exiting because "Download Only" specified
[root@evan-01 tmp]# ls | grep vim-enhanced-7.4.160-6.el7_6.x86_64.rpm
vim-enhanced-7.4.160-6.el7_6.x86_64.rpm
[root@evan-01 tmp]#
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