freedesktop.org对systemd的wiki

systemd是一款用于Linux系统的系统和服务管理器,作为pid1运行并启动系统剩余部分。它支持并行化启动服务,使用socket和D-Bus激活机制,并提供按需启动守护进程等功能。systemd还支持SysV和LSB初始化脚本,能够控制基本系统配置,如主机名、日期、语言环境等。

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翻译自:http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/

那是什么?

systemd是linux系统的一套基石。它提供了一个作为pid1运行的能启动系统剩余(部件)的系统和服务管理器。systemd提供了积极的并行化能力,它使用了socket和D-Bus激活作用来启动服务,提供按需求启动守护进程,用cgroups跟踪进程,支持快照和还原系统状态,维护挂载和自动挂载点和实现精细控制事务性的基于依赖关系的服务控制逻辑。systemd支持SysV和LSB初始化脚本并且作为sysvinit的一个替代而工作。其他方面包括一个日志守护进程,控制基本系统配置像主机名,日期,语言环境,维护一系列包括已登录用户和运行容器和虚拟机,系统账户,运行时目录和设置,和管理简单网络配置的守护进程,网络时间同步,日志转发和名字解决方案。看看Lennart的日志故事和3个状态更新来找到更长的介绍。你也可以看看维基百科的文章。如果你担心systemd是否适合你,请看一看一个systemd的缔造者对各个初始化系统的对比。

许可证

这个程序是自由软件,你可以依照由自由软件基金会发布的GNUL公共许可协议分发或者修改它,2.1或者之后的版本都可以。这个程序发布的期望是它会变得有用,但是没有任何担保!甚至没有隐含保证可销售的或者适用于其他特殊的目的。查看GNUL公共许可协议获取详细的信息。

拼写

是的,它写作systemd,不是system D,或者System D,甚至也不是什么SysemD,也不是system d。为什么?因为他是个系统守护进程,并且在Unix/Linux下那些都是小写,同时有一个小写的d作为后缀。因为systemd管理整个系统,所有它叫systemd,它就是那么简单。然而再一次的,如果一切对你来说都显得那么简单,叫它(但是永远别那样拼写它)system五佰因为D是罗马数字500(这同时也阐明了System V的解法,是吧?)。我们唯一找到的能用到的合适的地方是当你以systemd开始一句话时大写字母(但是也不喜欢)。在重要的日子里你也可以这样拼:sÿstëmd。但是同样的,sÿstëmD是不可接受的拼写方式,是完全不同的事物(尽管有点适合)。

$ sudo systemctl status systemd-resolved ● systemd-resolved.service - Network Name Resolution Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-resolved.service; enabled;> Active: active (running) since Mon 2025-07-14 03:09:10 CST; 13h ago Docs: man:systemd-resolved.service(8) man:org.freedesktop.resolve1(5) https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/writing-network-> https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/writing-resolver> Main PID: 661 (systemd-resolve) Status: "Processing requests..." Tasks: 1 (limit: 9378) Memory: 8.1M (peak: 8.6M) CPU: 628ms CGroup: /system.slice/systemd-resolved.service └─661 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-resolved 7月 14 03:09:10 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: Negative > 7月 14 03:09:10 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: Using sys> 7月 14 03:09:10 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd[1]: Started systemd-reso> 7月 14 03:09:14 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: ens33: Bu> 7月 14 03:09:14 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: ens33: Bu> 7月 14 03:09:14 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: ens33: Bu> 7月 14 03:09:14 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: Using deg> 7月 14 15:29:00 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: Clock cha> 7月 14 15:29:14 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: Clock cha> 7月 14 15:30:10 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: Using deg> ...skipping... Active: active (running) since Mon 2025-07-14 03:09:10 CST; 13h ago Docs: man:systemd-resolved.service(8) man:org.freedesktop.resolve1(5) https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/writing-network-> https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/writing-resolver> Main PID: 661 (systemd-resolve) Status: "Processing requests..." Tasks: 1 (limit: 9378) Memory: 8.1M (peak: 8.6M) CPU: 628ms CGroup: /system.slice/systemd-resolved.service └─661 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-resolved 7月 14 03:09:10 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: Negative > 7月 14 03:09:10 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: Using sys> 7月 14 03:09:10 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd[1]: Started systemd-reso> 7月 14 03:09:14 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: ens33: Bu> 7月 14 03:09:14 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: ens33: Bu> 7月 14 03:09:14 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: ens33: Bu> 7月 14 03:09:14 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: Using deg> 7月 14 15:29:00 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: Clock cha> 7月 14 15:29:14 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: Clock cha> 7月 14 15:30:10 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: Using deg> ...skipping... Active: active (running) since Mon 2025-07-14 03:09:10 CST; 13h ago Docs: man:systemd-resolved.service(8) man:org.freedesktop.resolve1(5) https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/writing-network-> https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/writing-resolver> Main PID: 661 (systemd-resolve) Status: "Processing requests..." Tasks: 1 (limit: 9378) Memory: 8.1M (peak: 8.6M) CPU: 628ms CGroup: /system.slice/systemd-resolved.service └─661 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-resolved 7月 14 03:09:10 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: Negative > 7月 14 03:09:10 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: Using sys> 7月 14 03:09:10 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd[1]: Started systemd-reso> 7月 14 03:09:14 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: ens33: Bu> 7月 14 03:09:14 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: ens33: Bu> 7月 14 03:09:14 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: ens33: Bu> 7月 14 03:09:14 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: Using deg> 7月 14 15:29:00 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: Clock cha> 7月 14 15:29:14 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: Clock cha> 7月 14 15:30:10 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: Using deg> ...skipping... Active: active (running) since Mon 2025-07-14 03:09:10 CST; 13h ago Docs: man:systemd-resolved.service(8) man:org.freedesktop.resolve1(5) https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/writing-network-> https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/writing-resolver> Main PID: 661 (systemd-resolve) Status: "Processing requests..." Tasks: 1 (limit: 9378) Memory: 8.1M (peak: 8.6M) CPU: 628ms CGroup: /system.slice/systemd-resolved.service └─661 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-resolved 7月 14 03:09:10 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: Negative > 7月 14 03:09:10 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: Using sys> 7月 14 03:09:10 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd[1]: Started systemd-reso> 7月 14 03:09:14 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: ens33: Bu> 7月 14 03:09:14 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: ens33: Bu> 7月 14 03:09:14 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: ens33: Bu> 7月 14 03:09:14 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: Using deg> 7月 14 15:29:00 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: Clock cha> 7月 14 15:29:14 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: Clock cha> 7月 14 15:30:10 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: Using deg> ...skipping... Active: active (running) since Mon 2025-07-14 03:09:10 CST; 13h ago Docs: man:systemd-resolved.service(8) man:org.freedesktop.resolve1(5) https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/writing-network-> https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/writing-resolver> Main PID: 661 (systemd-resolve) Status: "Processing requests..." Tasks: 1 (limit: 9378) Memory: 8.1M (peak: 8.6M) CPU: 628ms CGroup: /system.slice/systemd-resolved.service └─661 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-resolved 7月 14 03:09:10 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: Negative > 7月 14 03:09:10 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: Using sys> 7月 14 03:09:10 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd[1]: Started systemd-reso> 7月 14 03:09:14 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: ens33: Bu> 7月 14 03:09:14 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: ens33: Bu> 7月 14 03:09:14 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: ens33: Bu> 7月 14 03:09:14 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: Using deg> 7月 14 15:29:00 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: Clock cha> 7月 14 15:29:14 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: Clock cha> 7月 14 15:30:10 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: Using deg> ...skipping... Active: active (running) since Mon 2025-07-14 03:09:10 CST; 13h ago Docs: man:systemd-resolved.service(8) man:org.freedesktop.resolve1(5) https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/writing-network-> https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/writing-resolver> Main PID: 661 (systemd-resolve) Status: "Processing requests..." Tasks: 1 (limit: 9378) Memory: 8.1M (peak: 8.6M) CPU: 628ms CGroup: /system.slice/systemd-resolved.service └─661 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-resolved 7月 14 03:09:10 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: Negative > 7月 14 03:09:10 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: Using sys> 7月 14 03:09:10 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd[1]: Started systemd-reso> 7月 14 03:09:14 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: ens33: Bu> 7月 14 03:09:14 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: ens33: Bu> 7月 14 03:09:14 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: ens33: Bu> 7月 14 03:09:14 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: Using deg> 7月 14 15:29:00 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: Clock cha> 7月 14 15:29:14 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: Clock cha> 7月 14 15:30:10 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: Using deg> ...skipping... Active: active (running) since Mon 2025-07-14 03:09:10 CST; 13h ago Docs: man:systemd-resolved.service(8) man:org.freedesktop.resolve1(5) https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/writing-network-> https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/writing-resolver> Main PID: 661 (systemd-resolve) Status: "Processing requests..." Tasks: 1 (limit: 9378) Memory: 8.1M (peak: 8.6M) CPU: 628ms CGroup: /system.slice/systemd-resolved.service └─661 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-resolved 7月 14 03:09:10 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: Negative > 7月 14 03:09:10 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: Using sys> 7月 14 03:09:10 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd[1]: Started systemd-reso> 7月 14 03:09:14 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: ens33: Bu> 7月 14 03:09:14 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: ens33: Bu> 7月 14 03:09:14 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: ens33: Bu> 7月 14 03:09:14 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: Using deg> 7月 14 15:29:00 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: Clock cha> 7月 14 15:29:14 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: Clock cha> 7月 14 15:30:10 zengyi-VMware-Virtual-Platform systemd-resolved[661]: Using deg> lines 3-25/25 (END) 卡在这里不动了
最新发布
07-15
# 验证GL渲染器 DISPLAY=:0 glxinfo | grep "OpenGL renderer" # 检查内核消息 dmesg | grep -iE "drm|vga|fb0" Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done E: Unable to locate package libdrm-tools Command 'drm_info' not found, but can be installed with: apt install drm-info Error: unable to open display :0 [ 7.227977] Console: colour VGA+ 80x25 [ 7.654513] vgaarb: loaded [ 8.488129] ACPI: bus type drm_connector registered [ 11.694958] systemd[1]: Starting modprobe@drm.service - Load Kernel Module drm... root@srv771551:~# # 强制使用fbdev驱动 startx -- -config /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-gpu.conf -retro # 使用最低配置模式 Xorg -noreset -keeptty -verbose 3 :0 X.Org X Server 1.21.1.11 X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0 Current Operating System: Linux srv771551 6.8.0-60-generic #63-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Tue Apr 15 19:04:15 UTC 2025 x86_64 Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-6.8.0-60-generic root=UUID=30964bc7-c7b0-4ada-9642-1f49d6e6c210 ro console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200 earlyprintk=ttyS0,115200 consoleblank=0 memhp_default_state=online console=tty1 console=ttyS0 xorg-server 2:21.1.12-1ubuntu1.3 (For technical support please see http://www.ubuntu.com/support) Current version of pixman: 0.42.2 Before reporting problems, check http://wiki.x.org to make sure that you have the latest version. Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting, (++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational, (WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown. (==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.0.log", Time: Tue May 27 22:12:19 2025 (++) Using config file: "/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-gpu.conf" (==) Using config directory: "/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d" (==) Using system config directory "/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d" (EE) Fatal server error: (EE) no screens found(EE) (EE) Please consult the The X.Org Foundation support at http://wiki.x.org for help. (EE) Please also check the log file at "/var/log/Xorg.0.log" for additional information. (EE) (EE) Server terminated with error (1). Closing log file. xinit: giving up xinit: unable to connect to X server: Connection refused xinit: server error X.Org X Server 1.21.1.11 X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0 Current Operating System: Linux srv771551 6.8.0-60-generic #63-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Tue Apr 15 19:04:15 UTC 2025 x86_64 Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-6.8.0-60-generic root=UUID=30964bc7-c7b0-4ada-9642-1f49d6e6c210 ro console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200 earlyprintk=ttyS0,115200 consoleblank=0 memhp_default_state=online console=tty1 console=ttyS0 xorg-server 2:21.1.12-1ubuntu1.3 (For technical support please see http://www.ubuntu.com/support) Current version of pixman: 0.42.2 Before reporting problems, check http://wiki.x.org to make sure that you have the latest version. Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting, (++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational, (WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown. (==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.0.log", Time: Tue May 27 22:12:34 2025 (==) Using config directory: "/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d" (==) Using system config directory "/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d" (==) No Layout section. Using the first Screen section. (**) |-->Screen "Default Screen" (0) (**) | |-->Monitor "<default monitor>" (**) | |-->Device "Default Device" (**) | |-->GPUDevice "GPU0" (==) No monitor specified for screen "Default Screen". Using a default monitor configuration. (**) Allowing byte-swapped clients (==) Automatically adding devices (==) Automatically enabling devices (==) Automatically adding GPU devices (==) Automatically binding GPU devices (==) Max clients allowed: 256, resource mask: 0x1fffff (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/cyrillic" does not exist. Entry deleted from font path. (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi/" does not exist. Entry deleted from font path. (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi/" does not exist. Entry deleted from font path. (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi" does not exist. Entry deleted from font path. (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi" does not exist. Entry deleted from font path. (==) FontPath set to: /usr/share/fonts/X11/misc, /usr/share/fonts/X11/Type1, built-ins (==) ModulePath set to "/usr/lib/xorg/modules" (II) The server relies on udev to provide the list of input devices. If no devices become available, reconfigure udev or disable AutoAddDevices. (II) Loader magic: 0x576497426020 (II) Module ABI versions: X.Org ANSI C Emulation: 0.4 X.Org Video Driver: 25.2 X.Org XInput driver : 24.4 X.Org Server Extension : 10.0 (--) using VT number 3 (II) systemd-logind: took control of session /org/freedesktop/login1/session/_38 (II) LoadModule: "glx" (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/libglx.so (II) Module glx: vendor="X.Org Foundation" compiled for 1.21.1.11, module version = 1.0.0 ABI class: X.Org Server Extension, version 10.0 (II) LoadModule: "vesa" (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/vesa_drv.so (II) Module vesa: vendor="X.Org Foundation" compiled for 1.21.1.7, module version = 2.6.0 Module class: X.Org Video Driver ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 25.2 (II) LoadModule: "modesetting" (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/modesetting_drv.so (II) Module modesetting: vendor="X.Org Foundation" compiled for 1.21.1.11, module version = 1.21.1 Module class: X.Org Video Driver ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 25.2 (II) VESA: driver for VESA chipsets: vesa (II) modesetting: Driver for Modesetting Kernel Drivers: kms (WW) Falling back to old probe method for modesetting (EE) open /dev/dri/card0: No such file or directory (WW) Falling back to old probe method for modesetting (EE) open /dev/dri/card0: No such file or directory (EE) No devices detected. (==) Matched modesetting as autoconfigured driver 0 (==) Matched fbdev as autoconfigured driver 1 (==) Matched vesa as autoconfigured driver 2 (==) Assigned the driver to the xf86ConfigLayout (II) LoadModule: "modesetting" (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/modesetting_drv.so (II) Module modesetting: vendor="X.Org Foundation" compiled for 1.21.1.11, module version = 1.21.1 Module class: X.Org Video Driver ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 25.2 (II) UnloadModule: "modesetting" (II) Unloading modesetting (II) Failed to load module "modesetting" (already loaded, 0) (II) LoadModule: "fbdev" (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/fbdev_drv.so (II) Module fbdev: vendor="X.Org Foundation" compiled for 1.21.1.11, module version = 0.5.0 Module class: X.Org Video Driver ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 25.2 (II) LoadModule: "vesa" (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/vesa_drv.so (II) Module vesa: vendor="X.Org Foundation" compiled for 1.21.1.7, module version = 2.6.0 Module class: X.Org Video Driver ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 25.2 (II) UnloadModule: "vesa" (II) Unloading vesa (II) Failed to load module "vesa" (already loaded, 0) (II) VESA: driver for VESA chipsets: vesa (II) modesetting: Driver for Modesetting Kernel Drivers: kms (II) FBDEV: driver for framebuffer: fbdev (WW) Falling back to old probe method for modesetting (EE) open /dev/dri/card0: No such file or directory (EE) open /dev/dri/card0: No such file or directory (EE) open /dev/dri/card0: No such file or directory (EE) open /dev/dri/card0: No such file or directory (WW) Falling back to old probe method for fbdev (II) Loading sub module "fbdevhw" (II) LoadModule: "fbdevhw" (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libfbdevhw.so (II) Module fbdevhw: vendor="X.Org Foundation" compiled for 1.21.1.11, module version = 0.0.2 ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 25.2 (EE) open /dev/fb0: No such file or directory (WW) Falling back to old probe method for modesetting (EE) open /dev/dri/card0: No such file or directory (EE) open /dev/dri/card0: No such file or directory (EE) open /dev/dri/card0: No such file or directory (EE) open /dev/dri/card0: No such file or directory (WW) Falling back to old probe method for fbdev (II) Loading sub module "fbdevhw" (II) LoadModule: "fbdevhw" (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libfbdevhw.so (II) Module fbdevhw: vendor="X.Org Foundation" compiled for 1.21.1.11, module version = 0.0.2 ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 25.2 (EE) open /dev/fb0: No such file or directory (EE) No devices detected. (EE) Fatal server error: (EE) no screens found(EE) (EE) Please consult the The X.Org Foundation support at http://wiki.x.org for help. (EE) Please also check the log file at "/var/log/Xorg.0.log" for additional information. (EE) (EE) Server terminated with error (1). Closing log file. root@srv771551:~#
05-29
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