Consuming a RESTful Web Service with jQuery

最新推荐文章于 2020-09-10 19:33:36 发布

转载最新推荐文章于 2020-09-10 19:33:36 发布 · 647 阅读

本文介绍如何使用jQuery创建客户端以消费基于Spring MVC的RESTful Web服务。通过具体实例，展示了如何从REST服务获取数据并将其呈现在网页上。

GETTING STARTED

Consuming a RESTful Web Service with jQuery

This guide walks you through writing a simple jQuery client that consumes a Spring MVC-based RESTful web service.

What you will build

You will build a jQuery client that consumes a Spring-based RESTful web service. Specifically, the client will consume the service created in Building a RESTful Web Service with CORS.

The jQuery client will be accessed by opening the index.html file in your browser, and will consume the service accepting requests at:

http://rest-service.guides.spring.io/greeting

The service will respond with a JSON representation of a greeting:

{"id":1,"content":"Hello, World!"}

The jQuery client will render the ID and content into the DOM.

What you will need

About 15 minutes
A favorite text editor
A modern web browser
An internet connection

Create a jQuery Controller

First, you will create the jQuery controller module that will consume the REST service:

public/hello.js

$(document).ready(function() {
    $.ajax({
        url: "http://rest-service.guides.spring.io/greeting"
    }).then(function(data) {
       $('.greeting-id').append(data.id);
       $('.greeting-content').append(data.content);
    });
});

This controller module is represented as a simple JavaScript function. It uses jQuery’s$.ajax() method to consume the REST service at http://rest-service.guides.spring.io/greeting. If successful, it will assign the JSON received to data, effectively making it a Greeting model object. The id and content are then appended to the greeting-id and greeting-content DOM elements respectively.

Note the use of the jQuery promise .then(). This directs jQuery to execute the anonymous function when the $.ajax() method completes, passing the data result from the completed AJAX request.

Create the Application Page

Now that you have a jQuery controller, you will create the HTML page that will load the client into the user’s web browser:

public/index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <title>Hello jQuery</title>
        <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.10.2/jquery.min.js"></script>
        <script src="hello.js"></script>
    </head>

    <body>
        <div>
            <p class="greeting-id">The ID is </p>
            <p class="greeting-content">The content is </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>

Note the following two script tags within the <head> section.

<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.10.2/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="hello.js"></script>

The first script tag loads the minified jQuery library (jquery.min.js) from a content delivery network (CDN) so that you don’t have to download jQuery and place it in your project. It also loads the controller code (hello.js) from the application’s path.

Also note that the <p> tags include class attributes.

<p class="greeting-id">The ID is </p>
<p class="greeting-content">The content is </p>

These class attributes help jQuery to reference the HTML elements and update the text with the values from the id and content properties of the JSON received from the REST service.

Run the client

To run the client, you’ll need to serve it from a web server to your browser. The Spring Boot CLI (Command Line Interface) includes an embedded Tomcat server, which offers a simple approach to serving web content. See Building an Application with Spring Boot for more information about installing and using the CLI.

In order to serve static content from Spring Boot’s embedded Tomcat server, you’ll also need to create a minimal amount of web application code so that Spring Boot knows to start Tomcat. The following app.groovy script is sufficient for letting Spring Boot know that you want to run Tomcat:

app.groovy