Linux环境下查看硬件信息

于 2013-12-31 11:05:48 发布
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文章标签： Linux 硬件 文件系统

在Linux下查看硬件信息的最基本方法就是利用/proc文件系统，这个动态文件系统里提供了很多相关的信息，比如：

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[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor   : 0
vendor_id   : GenuineIntel
cpu family  : 6
model       : 15
model name  : Genuine Intel(R) CPU           T1400  @ 1.73GHz
stepping    : 13
cpu MHz     : 1729.001
cache size  : 512 KB
fdiv_bug    : no
hlt_bug     : no
f00f_bug    : no
coma_bug    : no
fpu     : yes
fpu_exception   : yes
cpuid level : 10
...
 
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/ioports
0000-001f : dma1
0020-0021 : pic1
0040-0043 : timer0
0050-0053 : timer1
0060-0060 : keyboard
0064-0064 : keyboard
0070-0071 : rtc0
0080-008f : dma page reg
00a0-00a1 : pic2
00c0-00df : dma2
00f0-00ff : fpu
0170-0177 : 0000:00:07.1
  0170-0177 : ata_piix
01f0-01f7 : 0000:00:07.1
  01f0-01f7 : ata_piix
02f8-02ff : serial
0376-0376 : 0000:00:07.1
...
 
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal:        1031320 kB
MemFree:           54164 kB
Buffers:           83676 kB
Cached:           659676 kB
SwapCached:            8 kB
Active:           396052 kB
Inactive:         463516 kB
Active(anon):      10644 kB
Inactive(anon):   110216 kB
Active(file):     385408 kB
Inactive(file):   353300 kB
Unevictable:           0 kB
Mlocked:               0 kB
HighTotal:        141256 kB
HighFree:           6132 kB
LowTotal:         890064 kB
LowFree:           48032 kB
SwapTotal:       2064376 kB
SwapFree:        2064368 kB
Dirty:                 0 kB
Writeback:             0 kB
...
 
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/bus/usb/devices
 
T:  Bus=02 Lev=00 Prnt=00 Port=00 Cnt=00 Dev#=  1 Spd=12  MxCh= 2
B:  Alloc=  0/900 us ( 0%), #Int=  0, #Iso=  0
D:  Ver= 1.10 Cls=09(hub  ) Sub=00 Prot=00 MxPS=64 #Cfgs=  1
P:  Vendor=1d6b ProdID=0001 Rev= 2.06
S:  Manufacturer=Linux 2.6.32-71.el6.i686 uhci_hcd
S:  Product=UHCI Host Controller
S:  SerialNumber=0000:02:00.0
C:* #Ifs= 1 Cfg#= 1 Atr=e0 MxPwr=  0mA
I:* If#= 0 Alt= 0 #EPs= 1 Cls=09(hub  ) Sub=00 Prot=00 Driver=hub
E:  Ad=81(I) Atr=03(Int.) MxPS=   2 Ivl=255ms
...
 
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/bus/pci/devices
0000    80867190    0                  0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0    agpgart-intel
0008    80867191    0                  0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0
0038    80867110    0                  0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0
0039    80867111    0                1f0                 3f6                 170                 376                10c1                   0                   0                   8                   0                   8                   0                  10                   0                   0    ata_piix
003b    80867113    9                  0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0
003f    15ad0740    9               1081                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                  40                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0...
 
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/bus/input/devices
I: Bus=0019 Vendor=0000 Product=0001 Version=0000
N: Name="Power Button"
P: Phys=LNXPWRBN/button/input0
S: Sysfs=/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXPWRBN:00/input/input0
U: Uniq=
H: Handlers=kbd event0
B: EV=3
B: KEY=100000 0 0 0
...

/proc文件系统提供了很多用户接口，但是可读性不太好，所以也就有了一些更好的工具，比如：lscpu、dmidecode、lspci、smartctl、lsusb，这些命令工具的简单使用看man手册即可。当然，也还有很多其它很不错的工具，但这几个命令基本也就足够了，用得最多的也就是这几个，比如遇到电脑网卡不正常工作就先用lspci看看网卡硬件是否已经找到了等等。示例用法如下：

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[root@localhost ~]# lscpu
Architecture:          i686
CPU(s):                1
Thread(s) per core:    1
Core(s) per socket:    1
CPU socket(s):         1
Vendor ID:             GenuineIntel
CPU family:            6
Model:                 15
Stepping:              13
CPU MHz:               1729.001
L1d cache:             32K
L1i cache:             32K
L2 cache:              512K
[root@localhost ~]# dmidecode -t cache
# dmidecode 2.10
SMBIOS 2.4 present.
 
Handle 0x001C, DMI type 7, 19 bytes
Cache Information
    Socket Designation: L1 Cache
    Configuration: Enabled, Socketed, Level 1
    Operational Mode: Write Back
    Location: Internal
    Installed Size: 16 kB
    Maximum Size: 16 kB
    Supported SRAM Types:
        Burst
        Pipeline Burst
        Asynchronous
    Installed SRAM Type: Asynchronous
    Speed: Unknown
    Error Correction Type: Unknown
    System Type: Unknown
    Associativity: Unknown
 
...
 
[root@localhost ~]# dmidecode -t memory
# dmidecode 2.10
SMBIOS 2.4 present.
 
Handle 0x000C, DMI type 5, 46 bytes
Memory Controller Information
    Error Detecting Method: None
    Error Correcting Capabilities:
        None
    Supported Interleave: One-way Interleave
    Current Interleave: One-way Interleave
    Maximum Memory Module Size: 32768 MB
    Maximum Total Memory Size: 491520 MB
    Supported Speeds:
        70 ns
        60 ns
    Supported Memory Types:
        FPM
        EDO
        DIMM
        SDRAM
    Memory Module Voltage: 3.3 V
...
 
[root@localhost ~]# dmidecode -t bios
# dmidecode 2.10
SMBIOS 2.4 present.
 
Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytes
BIOS Information
    Vendor: Phoenix Technologies LTD
    Version: 6.00
    Release Date: 09/18/2009
    Address: 0xEA2E0
    Runtime Size: 89376 bytes
    ROM Size: 64 kB
    Characteristics:
        ISA is supported
        PCI is supported
        PC Card (PCMCIA) is supported
        PNP is supported
        APM is supported
        BIOS is upgradeable
        BIOS shadowing is allowed
        ESCD support is available
        USB legacy is supported
        Smart battery is supported
        BIOS boot specification is supported
        Targeted content distribution is supported
    BIOS Revision: 4.6
    Firmware Revision: 0.0
 
[root@localhost ~]# lspci -t -vv
-[0000:00]-+-00.0  Intel Corporation 440BX/ZX/DX - 82443BX/ZX/DX Host bridge
           +-01.0-[01]--
           +-07.0  Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ISA
           +-07.1  Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 IDE
           +-07.3  Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ACPI
           +-07.7  VMware Virtual Machine Communication Interface
           +-0f.0  VMware SVGA II Adapter
           +-10.0  LSI Logic / Symbios Logic 53c1030 PCI-X Fusion-MPT Dual Ultra320 SCSI
           +-11.0-[02]--+-00.0  Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 USB
           |            +-01.0  Intel Corporation 82545EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller (Copper)
           |            +-02.0  Ensoniq ES1371 [AudioPCI-97]
           |            \-03.0  VMware USB2 EHCI Controller
...
 
[root@localhost ~]# smartctl -i /dev/sda1
smartctl 5.39.1 2010-01-28 r3054 [i686-pc-linux-gnu] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-10 by Bruce Allen, http:
 
Device: VMware,  VMware Virtual S Version: 1.0
Device type: disk
Local Time is: Tue Nov 29 23:36:19 2011 EST
Device does not support SMART
[root@localhost ~]# lsusb
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
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