sqlserver 备份

thy822

于 2020-04-20 15:17:25 发布

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本文详细介绍了SQL Server数据库的多种备份类型，包括完整备份、差异备份、日志备份等，并提供了详细的SQL语句示例，指导如何进行数据库备份、文件和文件组备份以及日志备份和恢复操作。

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方式一、
    打开SQL Server Management Studio，点击新建查询，弹出界面，然后在界面中开始写创建数据库代码。

create database UnionDong                        --UnionDong是你想创建数据库的名字
on [ primary ] --指定文件为主文件，一个数据库只能有一个主文件，若不表示则默认第一个文件为主文件
(
    name = 'Dong',                               --Dong 是你创建.mdf文件的名字
    filename = 'E:\SQL2016\DataBase\Dong.mdf',   --这个是你的完整路径 + .mdf文件的全名
    size = 8MB,                                  --这是数据库的空间大小
    filegrowth = 10%                             --.mdf数据库的数据文件空间大小每次增长的百分比
)
log on
(
    name = 'Dong_l',                                  --Dong_l 是你创建.ldf文件的名字
    filename = 'E:\SQL2016\DataBase\Dong_l.ldf',      --这个是你的完整路径 + .mdf文件的全名
    size = 4MB,                                      --这是数据库的空间大小
    filegrowth = 10%                                 --.mdf数据库的数据文件空间大小每次增长的百分比
)

首先简单的介绍一下Sql server 备份的类型有：
1：完整备份（所有的数据文件和部分的事务日志文件）
2：差异备份（最后一次完成备份后数据库改变的部分）
3：文件和文件组备份（对指定的文件和文件组备份）
4：事物日志备份（所有数据库的变更）
5：尾日期备份（日志的活动部分，指上一次为备份的日志部分）
6：部分备份（主文件组、每个可读可写文件组和指定的只读文件组）
7：仅复制备份（数据库或者日志的备份，不影响整体备份）

BACKUP DATABASE <Database_Name, sysname, Database_Name>
FILE = N'<Logical_File_Name_1,sysname,Logical_File_Name_1>',
FILEGROUP = N'PRIMARY',
FILE = N'<Logical_File_Name_2, sysname, Logical_File_Name_2>',
FILEGROUP = N'<Filegroup_1, sysname, Filegroup_1>'
TO <Backup_Device_Name, sysname, Backup_Device_Name>
GO

BACKUP DATABASE <Database_Name, sysname, Database_Name>
   TO DISK = N'<Backup_Path,,C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL12.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\Backup\><Database_Name, sysname, Database_Name>.bak'
WITH
   NOFORMAT,
   COMPRESSION,
   NOINIT,
   NAME = N'<Database_Name, sysname, Database_Name>-Full Database Backup',
   SKIP,
   STATS = 10;
GO

RESTORE DATABASE <Database_Name, sysname, Database_Name>
   FROM DISK = N'<Backup_Path,,C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL12.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\Backup\><Database_Name, sysname, Database_Name>.bak'
WITH
   FILE = 1,
   NOUNLOAD,
   REPLACE,
   STATS = 10
GO
CREATE DATABASE [<database_name, sysname, TestDB>] ON
   PRIMARY (
       Name= N'<database_name, sysname, TestDB>_data',
       FILENAME= N'<file_location, sysname, D:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL12.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\DATA\><database_name, sysname, TestDB>_data.mdf'),
   FILEGROUP [<filegroup_name1, sysname, FG_1>] (
       NAME=N' <database_name, sysname, TestDB>_<filegroup_name1, sysname, FG_1>',
       FILENAME =N'<file_location, sysname, D:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL12.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\DATA\><database_name, sysname, TestDB>_<filegroup_name1, sysname, FG_1>.ndf'),
   FILEGROUP [<filegroup_name2, sysname, FG_2>] (
       NAME=N' <database_name, sysname, TestDB>_<filegroup_name2, sysname, FG_2>',
       FILENAME =N'<file_location, sysname, D:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL12.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\DATA\><database_name, sysname, TestDB>_<filegroup_name2, sysname, FG_2>.ndf')
   LOG ON (
       NAME =N'<database_name, sysname, TestDB>_log',
       FILENAME =N'<file_location, sysname, D:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL12.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\DATA\><database_name, sysname, TestDB>_log.ldf');
GO

-- Backup database
BACKUP DATABASE [<database_name, sysname, TestDB>]
   FILEGROUP=N'PRIMARY',
   FILEGROUP=N'<filegroup_name1, sysname, FG_1>',
   FILEGROUP=N'<filegroup_name2, sysname, FG_2>'
   TO DISK = N'<file_location, sysname, D:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL12.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\DATA\><database_name, sysname, TestDB>.bak'

-- Backup log
BACKUP LOG [<database_name, sysname, TestDB>]
   TO DISK = '<file_location, sysname, D:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL12.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\DATA\><database_name, sysname, TestDB>.bak'
   WITH
       NO_TRUNCATE ,
       NORECOVERY,
       NOFORMAT,
       NOINIT,
       NAME = '<database_name, sysname, TestDB> backup',
       SKIP,
       NOREWIND,
       NOUNLOAD,
       STATS = 10

-- Restore filegroups - one at a time
RESTORE DATABASE [<database_name, sysname, TestDB>]
   FILE = N'<database_name, sysname, TestDB>_data'
   FROM DISK = N'<file_location, sysname, D:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL12.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\DATA\><database_name, sysname, TestDB>.bak'
   WITH
       FILE = 1,
       NORECOVERY,
       NOUNLOAD,
       STATS = 10
GO

RESTORE DATABASE [<database_name, sysname, TestDB>]
   FILE = N' <database_name, sysname, TestDB>_<filegroup_name1, sysname, FG_1>'
   FROM DISK = N'<file_location, sysname, D:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL12.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\DATA\><database_name, sysname, TestDB>.bak'
   WITH
       FILE = 1,
       NORECOVERY,
       NOUNLOAD,
       STATS = 10
GO

RESTORE DATABASE [<database_name, sysname, TestDB>]
   FILE = N' <database_name, sysname, TestDB>_<filegroup_name2, sysname, FG_2>'
   FROM DISK = N'<file_location, sysname, D:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL12.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\DATA\><database_name, sysname, TestDB>.bak'
   WITH
       FILE = 1,
       NORECOVERY,
       NOUNLOAD,
       STATS = 10

-- Restore log
RESTORE LOG [<database_name, sysname, TestDB>]
   FROM DISK = N'<file_location, sysname, D:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL12.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\DATA\><database_name, sysname, TestDB>.bak'
   WITH
       FILE = 2,
       NOUNLOAD,
       STATS = 10
GO

--------------------完整备份默认追加到现有的文件---------------
backup database NorthWind
To disk='d:\backup\NorthWindCS-Full-2010-11-23.bak'
--------完整备份，覆盖现有的文件
Backup database NorthWind
To disk='d:\backup\NorthWindCS-Full-2010-11-23.bak'
With init---覆盖现有文件代码

--------差异备份（上次一完整备份以来改变的数据页）
backup database NorthWind
To Disk='d:\backup\NorthWindCS-Full-2010-11-23.bak'

-----事物日志备份，会自动截断日志(默认会阶段日志)
backup log NorthWind
To Disk='d:\backup\NorthWindCS-log-2010-11-23'

-----事物日志备份，不截断日志(默认会阶段日志)
backup log NorthWind
To Disk='d:\backup\NorthWindCS-log-2010-11-23'
With No_Truncate

-----不备份直接阶段日志，在SQL SERVER2008中不再支持。
backup log NorthWind With No_Log
backup log NorthWind With Tuancate_only

-----SQL SERVER 2008 替代的截断日志方法
alter database NorthWind set Recovery Simple
exec sp_helpdb NorthWInd
use NorthWind
dbcc shrinkfile('NorthWind_log')
alter database NorthWind set Recovery Full

----超大型数据库的文件和文件组备份
Exec sp_helpdb NorthWind
backup database NorthWind File='NorthWind_Current'
to disk='h:\backup\NorthwindCS_Full_2010031.bak'
backup database NorthWind FileGroup='Current'
to disk='h:\backup\NorthwindCS_FG_2010031.bak'

---仅复制备份，不影响现有的备份序列
backup database NorthWind
To disk='h:\backup\NorthwindCS_Full_2010031.bak'
With Copy_only

--尾部日志备份,备份完成后数据库不再提供访问
use master
go
backup log NorthWind
to disk='h:\backup\Northwind-taillog-20101031.bak'
With NoRecovery

--回复数据库提供访问
Restore databse NorthWind with Recovery

--分割备份到多个目标文件
backup database NorthWind
to disk='h:\backup\Northwind-part1.bak',
disk='h:\backup\NorthwindCS-part2.bak'

--镜像备份，需要加入With Format
backup database NorthWind
to disk='h:\backup\NorthwindCS-Mirror1.bak'
Mirror to disk='h:\backup\NorthwindCS-Mirror2.bak'----Mirror镜像
With Format

--备份到远程服务器
--使用SQL SERVER 的服务启动账号访问远程共享可写文件夹
backup database Northwind
to disk='\\192.168.3.20\backup\nw-yourname.bak'

--备份到远程服务器,指定访问远程服务器的账号和密码
Exec sp_configure
Exec Sp_COnfigure 'show advanced options',1
Reconfigure with Overrid
Exec sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell',1
Reconfigure with override

Exec xp_cmdshell
'net use \\192.168.10.101' /user:administrator password'
backup database Northwind
to disk='\\192.168.10.101\backup\nw-fy.bak'
Exec sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell',0
Reconfigure with override
--------------------------------------
--备份压缩
--------------------------------------
Backup Database AdventureWorks
To disk='h:\backup\adv不压缩备份.bak'
--132MB 花费 7.789 秒(16.877 MB/秒)。
--备份到NTFS目录
Backup Database AdventureWorks
To disk='H:\backup\test\advNTFS压缩备份.bak'
--60MB 花费 11.871 秒(11.073 MB/秒)。
Backup Database AdventureWorks
To disk='h:\backup\adv压缩备份.bak'
With Compression
--132MB 花费 7.789 秒(16.877 MB/秒)。
--34MB 花费 3.775 秒(34.820 MB/秒)。
--启动默认备份压缩
EXEC sp_configure 'backup compression default', '1'
RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE
GO