ubuntu安装WineHQ（官方教程）

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本文档详细介绍了在Ubuntu上安装WineHQ软件包的过程，包括添加存储库密钥、更新包列表、安装稳定版、开发版或实验版Wine，以及解决依赖问题的方法。还提供了离线安装和构建Wow64的指导。

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Ubuntu

Installing WineHQ packages

The WineHQ repository key was changed on 2018-12-19. If you downloaded and added the key before that time, you will need to download and add the new key and run sudo apt update to accept the repository changes.

Beginning with Wine 4.5, the wine-devel packages for Ubuntu 18.04, 18.10, and 19.04 require libfaudio0 as a dependency. Since the distro does not provide it, libfaudio0 packages can be downloaded from the OBS. See https://forum.winehq.org/viewtopic.php?f=8&t=32192 for details

If you have previously installed a Wine package from another repository, please remove it and any packages that depend on it (e.g., wine-mono, wine-gecko, winetricks) before attempting to install the WineHQ packages, as they may cause dependency conflicts.

If your system is 64 bit, enable 32 bit architecture (if you haven't already):

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386

Download and add the repository key:

wget -nc https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/winehq.key
sudo apt-key add winehq.key

Add the repository:

For this version:	Use this command:
Ubuntu 19.04	sudo apt-add-repository 'deb https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu/ disco main'
Ubuntu 18.10	sudo apt-add-repository 'deb https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu/ cosmic main'
Ubuntu 18.04 Linux Mint 19.x	sudo apt-add-repository 'deb https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu/ bionic main'
Ubuntu 16.04 Linux Mint 18.x	sudo apt-add-repository 'deb https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu/ xenial main'

Update packages:

sudo apt update

Then install one of the following packages:

Stable branch	sudo apt install --install-recommends winehq-stable
Development branch	sudo apt install --install-recommends winehq-devel
Staging branch	sudo apt install --install-recommends winehq-staging

If apt complains about missing dependencies, install them, then repeat the last two steps (update and install).

If you have previously used the distro packages, you will notice some differences in the WineHQ ones:

Files are installed to /opt/wine-devel, opt/wine-stable, or /opt/wine-staging (depending on which version you installed).

Menu items are not created for Wine's builtin programs (winecfg, etc.), and if you are upgrading from a distro package that had added them, they will be removed. You can recreate them yourself using your menu editor.

Binfmt_misc registration is not added. Consult your distro's documentation for update-binfmts if you wish to do this manually.

WineHQ does not at present package wine-gecko or wine-mono. When creating a new wine prefix, you will be asked if you want to download those components. For best compatibility, it is recommended to click Yes here. If the download doesn't work for you, please follow the instructions on the Gecko and Mono wiki pages to install them manually.

Installing without Internet

To install Wine on an Ubuntu machine without internet access, you must have access to a second Ubuntu machine (or VM) with an internet connection to download the Wine .deb package and its dependencies.

The procedure goes like this: On the machine with internet, add the WineHQ PPA, then cache just the necessary packages without actually extracting them:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:wine/wine-builds
sudo apt-get update

Then cache just the packages necessary for installing wine, without extracting them:

sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get --download-only install winehq-devel
sudo apt-get --download-only dist-upgrade

Copy all of the .deb files in /var/cache/apt/archives to a USB stick:

cp -R /var/cache/apt/archives/ /media/usb-drive/deb-pkgs/

Finally, on the machine without internet, install all of the packages from the flash drive:

cd /media/usb-drive/deb-pkgs
sudo dpkg -i *.deb

The same instructions can also be used for an offline installation of the `winehq-staging` packages.

Compiling WoW64

Ubuntu's implementation of Multiarch is still incomplete, so for now you can't simply install 32-bit and 64-bit libraries alongside each other. If you're on a 64-bit system, you'll have to create an isolated environment for installing and building with 32-bit dependencies. See Building Biarch Wine On Ubuntu for detailed instructions for Ubuntu using LXC, and Building Wine for general information.