闭包
可以理解为 下面 的 factor 被处理为 函数对象的实例变量
scala> def mulBy(factor :Double) = (x:Double) => factor * x
mulBy: (factor: Double)Double => Double
scala> val triple = mulBy(3)
triple: Double => Double = $$Lambda$1226/259746718@3ceb8e1f
scala> val half = mulBy(0.5)
half: Double => Double = $$Lambda$1226/259746718@2e4c4373
scala> triple(1)
res20: Double = 3.0
scala> half(4)
res21: Double = 2.0