IPV6实验

文章详细描述了如何配置华为路由器进行IPv4和IPv6网络的设置,包括RIP和RIPng路由协议的启用,静态路由和默认路由的配置,以及OSPFv3的部署。此外,还涉及了BGP的配置,包括EBGP邻居的建立和路由反射。同时,文中提到了防止环路的方法,如空接口和NAT转换,并创建了隧道接口以实现网络互连。最后,通过ping测试验证了配置的正确性。

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一、要求

二、拓扑图搭建


 

 

三、配置
1.公网配置
r2配置

<Huawei>sys
[Huawei]sysn r2
[r2]int g0/0/1
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 23.1.1.1 24 
[r2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 23.1.1.2         //配置一条缺省给R3

r3配置

<Huawei>sys
[Huawei]sysn r3
[r3]int g0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 23.1.1.2 24 
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 34.1.1.1 24
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int loo0        
[r3-LoopBack0]ip add 3.3.3.3 24        //配置环回地址

R4配置

<Huawei>sys
[Huawei]sys r4
[r4]int g0/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 34.1.1.2 24 
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 34.1.1.1         //配置一条缺省给R3

2、R1和R2的ipv4配置 
R1环回和接口IP地址配置

<Huawei>sys
[Huawei]sys r1
[r1]int g0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.2.1 24
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int loo0        //R1的环回地址配置
[r1-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.1 25        
[r1-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.129 25

R1启用Rip协议

[r1]rip
[r1-rip-1]version 2
[r1-rip-1]network 192.168.1.0        //宣告网段
[r1-rip-1]network 192.168.2.0
[r1]int g0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]rip summary-address 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0         //环回汇总

R2环回和IP地址配置

[r2]int g0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.2.2 24
[r2]int loo0
[r2-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.3.1 24        

R2启用Rip协议

[r2]rip
[r2-rip-1]version 2
[r2-rip-1]network 192.168.3.0           //宣告网段
[r2-rip-1]network 192.168.2.0  

[r2-rip-1]default-route originate         //写一条缺省发给r1 

 R1做一个空接口,防环

[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 NULL 0

R2做个nat地址转换

[r2]acl 2000
[r2-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255 

[r2]int g0/0/1
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]nat outbound 2000  

R1访问R3的环回

 

3、R1和R2的IPV6配置
R1的IPV6配置 

[r1]ipv6 
[r1]int loo0
[r1-LoopBack0]ipv6 enable 
[r1-LoopBack0]ipv6 address 2002:1701:101::1 65
[r1-LoopBack0]int loo1
[r1-LoopBack1]ipv6 enable 
[r1-LoopBack1]ipv6 address 2002:1701:101:0:8000::1 65
[r1-LoopBack1]int g0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipv6 enable 
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipv6 address 2002:1701:101:0:8000::1 6

R2的IPV6配置

[r2]ipv6
[r2]int loo0 
[r2-LoopBack0]ipv6 enable 
[r2-LoopBack0]ipv6 address 2002:1701:0101:1::2 64
[r2]int g0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipv6 enable 
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipv6 address 2002:1701:0101:2::1 64

R1的ripng配置

 [r1]ripng 1
[r1-ripng-1]int loo0
[r1-LoopBack0]ripng 1 enable 
[r1-LoopBack0]int loo1
[r1-LoopBack1]ripng 1 enable 
[r1-LoopBack1]int g0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ripng 1 enable 
[r1]int g0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ripng summary-address 2002:1701:0101:2::1 64      //两个环回汇总

R2的ripng配置

[r2]ripng 1
[r2-ripng-1]int g0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ripng 1 enable 
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int loo0
[r2-LoopBack0]ripng 1 enable 

在R2的g0/0/0写一条缺省 

[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ripng default-route only

R1做空接口环回

[r1]ipv6 route-static 2002:1701:0101:2::1 64

4、tunnel配置
 在R2上做条tunnel接口

[r2]int t
[r2]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[r2-Tunnel0/0/0]ipv6 enable 
[r2-Tunnel0/0/0]ipv6 address 2002:1701:0101:2::1 64
[r2-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol ipv6-ipv4 6to4 
[r2-Tunnel0/0/0]source 23.1.1.1
[r2-Tunnel0/0/0]q
[r2]ipv6 route-static 2002:: 16 Tunnel 0/0/0

R4tunnel建立

[r4]ipv6

[r4]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[r4-Tunnel0/0/0]ipv6 enable 

[r4-Tunnel0/0/0]ipv6 address 2002:2201:102:1::1 64

[r4]int loo0

[r4-LoopBack0]ipv6 enable
[r4-LoopBack0]ipv6 add 2002:2201:102::1 64

在r4环回和g0/0/1上配置ipv6

[r4]ipv6 
[r4]int lo0    
[r4-LoopBack0]ipv6 enable     
[r4-LoopBack0] ipv6 address 2002:2201:102::1/64 
[r4-LoopBack0]int g0/0/1    
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ipv6 enable 
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ipv6 address 2002:45::1/64 

 r4写一条指向左边

[r4]ipv6 route-static 2002:: 16 Tunnel 0/0/0

r5的环回和g0/0/0和g0/0/1接口

[r5]int g 0/0/0
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipv6 enable 
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipv6 address 2002:2201:0102:1::2 64
[r5]int lo0    
[r5-LoopBack0]ipv6 enable 
[r5-LoopBack0]ipv6 address2002:2201:0102:8000::1 64
[r5-LoopBack0]int g 0/0/1
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ipv6 enable 
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ipv6 address2002:2201:0102:8001::1 64

r6

[r6]ipv6 
[r6]int g0/0/0
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipv6 enable 
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipv6 address 2002:2201:0102:8001::2 64
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0
[r6-LoopBack0]ipv6 enable 
[r6-LoopBack0]ipv6  address 2002:2201:0102:8002::1 64
 
[r6-LoopBack0]int g 0/0/1
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ipv6 enable 
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ipv6 address 2002:2201:0102:8003::1 64

r7

[r7]ipv6 
[r7]int g 0/0/0    
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipv6 enable     
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipv6 address 2002:2201:0102:8003::2 64
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0
[r7-LoopBack0]ipv6 enable     
[r7-LoopBack0]ipv6 address 2002:2201:0102:8004::1 64
[r7-LoopBack0]int g 0/0/1
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ipv6 enable     
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ipv6 address 2002:2201:0102:8005::1 64

r8

[r8]ipv6 
[r8]int g 0/0/0
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipv6 enable 
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipv6 address 2002:2201:0102:8005::2 64
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0
[r8-LoopBack0]ipv6 enable 
[r8-LoopBack0]ipv6 address2002:2201:0102:8006::1 64

5、ospfv3 配置
r5

[r5]ospfv3 1
[r5-ospfv3-1]router-id 5.5.5.5
[r5-ospfv3-1]int lo0    
[r5-LoopBack0]ospfv3 1 area 0
[r5-LoopBack0]int g 0/0/1
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospfv3 1 area 0

r6

[r6]ospfv3 1
[r6-ospfv3-1]router-id 6.6.6.6
[r6-ospfv3-1]int g 0/0/0    
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospfv3 1 area 0
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0    
[r6-LoopBack0]ospfv3 1 area 0
[r6-LoopBack0]int g 0/0/1
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospfv3 1 area 0


r7

[r7]ospfv3 1     
[r7-ospfv3-1]router-id 7.7.7.7
[r7-ospfv3-1]int g 0/0/0    
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospfv3 1 area 0
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0    
[r7-LoopBack0]ospfv3 1 area 0
[r7-LoopBack0]int g 0/0/1    
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospfv3 1 area 0


r8

[r8]ospfv3 1    
[r8-ospfv3-1]router-id 8.8.8.8
[r8-ospfv3-1]int g0/0/0
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospfv3 1 area 0
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0    
[r8-LoopBack0]ospfv3 1 area 0

启用bgp

r4与r5为ebgp

[r4]bgp 1 
[r4-bgp]router-id 4.4.4.4    
[r4-bgp]peer 2002:2201:102:1::2 as-number 2

[r4-bgp]ipv6-family 
[r4-bgp-af-ipv6]peer 2002:2201:102:1::2 enable

r5

[r5]bgp 64512
[r5-bgp]router-id 5.5.5.5    
[r5-bgp]confederation id 2    
[r5-bgp]peer 2002:2201:102:1::1 as-number 1

[r5-bgp]ipv6-family     
[r5-bgp-af-ipv6]peer 2002:2201:102:1::1 enable 

在r5/6/7/8环回接口上配置多宿主

[r5-LoopBack0]ipv6 address 5::5 64

[r6-LoopBack0]ipv6 address 6::6 64

[r7-LoopBack0]ipv6 address 7::7 64

[r8-LoopBack0]ipv6 address 8::8 64

[r5-bgp]bgp 64512
[r5-bgp]peer 6::6 as-number 64512        
[r5-bgp]peer 6::6 connect-interface LoopBack 0  5::5

[r5-bgp]ipv6-family     
[r5-bgp-af-ipv6]peer 6::6 enable 


r6

[r6]bgp 64512    
[r6-bgp]router-id 6.6.6.6
[r6-bgp]confederation id 2
[r6-bgp]peer 5::5 as-number 64512
[r6-bgp]peer 5::5 connect-interface LoopBack 0  6::6
[r6-bgp]ipv6-family 
[r6-bgp-af-ipv6]peer 5::5 enable 
[r6-bgp]peer 7::7 as-number 64512
[r6-bgp]peer 7::7 connect-interface LoopBack 0 
[r6-bgp]ipv6-family
[r6-bgp-af-ipv6]peer 7::7 enable 
[r6-bgp-af-ipv6]peer 7::7 reflect-client    //做反射器,让r7成为客户端,把路由反射给r7


r7

[r7]bgp 64512
[r7-bgp]router-id 7.7.7.7    
[r7-bgp]confederation id 2
[r7-bgp]confederation peer-as 64513
[r7-bgp]peer 6::6 as-number 64512    
[r7-bgp]peer 6::6 connect-interface LoopBack 0 7::7
[r7-bgp]ipv6-family 
[r7-bgp-af-ipv6]peer 6::6 enable 
    
[r7-bgp]peer 8::8 as-number 64513    
[r7-bgp]peer 8::8 connect-interface LoopBack 0 7::7
[r7-bgp]ipv6-family 
[r7-bgp-af-ipv6]peer 8::8 enable 

[r7-bgp]peer 8::8 ebgp-max-hop 2       //修改跳数


r8

[r8]bgp 64513
[r8-bgp]router-id 8.8.8.8
[r8-bgp]confederation id 2    
[r8-bgp]confederation peer-as 64512
[r8-bgp]peer 7::7 as-number 64512
[r8-bgp]peer 7::7 connect-interface LoopBack 0 8::8
[r8-bgp]ipv6    
[r8-bgp]ipv6-family 
[r8-bgp-af-ipv6]peer 7::7 enable 
[r8-bgp]peer 7::7 ebgp-max-hop 2       //修改跳数

将r5/6/7/8的路由汇总发给r4,在r5上写一条到汇总网段的空接口

[r5]ipv6 route-static 2002:2201:0102:8000:: 49 NULL 0

[r5]bgp 64512

[r5-bgp]ipv6-family

[r5-bgp-af-ipv6]network 2002:2201:0102:8000:: 49

R4宣告

[4]bgp 1
[r4-bgp]ipv6
[r4-bgp-af-ipv6]network 2002:: 16

r5上修改下一跳

[r5]bgp 64512
[r5-bgp]ipv6     
[r5-bgp-af-ipv6]peer 6::6 next-hop-local

验证
r1pingR3的环回 

[r1]ping 3.3.3.3
  PING 3.3.3.3: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 3.3.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=40 ms
    Reply from 3.3.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=20 ms
    Reply from 3.3.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=30 ms
    Reply from 3.3.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=30 ms

R1访问R8

 

### IPv6实验配置教程与环境搭建 IPv6实验配置和环境搭建通常需要结合实际需求进行设计,例如HAProxy配置IPv6和IPv4互相代理[^1]、GNS3中的IPv6 6rd隧道配置[^2]、IPv6动态地址分配方法[^3]以及通过浏览器访问IPv6网关[^4]等。以下是一个综合性的IPv6实验配置教程,帮助用户快速上手。 #### 实验目标 - 配置IPv6网络并测试其连通性。 - 使用工具如GNS3或Linux系统搭建IPv6实验环境。 - 验证IPv6动态地址分配(SLAAC、DHCPv6)及手动配置。 #### 实验环境 假设使用三台虚拟机分别作为客户端、服务器和路由器。以下是实验环境的示例配置: | 序号 | 角色 | IPv4 地址 | IPv6 地址 | |------|------------|------------------|-------------------------------| | 1 | 客户端 | 10.144.91.124 | fd88:5110:a240::886:f250 | | 2 | 路由器 | 10.144.91.125 | fd88:5110:a240::886:f251 | | 3 | 服务器 | 10.144.85.73 | fd88:5110:a240::886:f252 | #### 实验步骤说明 ##### 1. 配置IPv6地址 在每台设备上配置IPv6地址。以Linux为例,可以通过以下命令完成: ```bash # 进入接口配置模式 ip addr add fd88:5110:a240::886:f250/64 dev eth0 ``` 确保启用接口: ```bash ip link set eth0 up ``` ##### 2. 启用IPv6路由功能 在路由器上启用IPv6路由功能: ```bash sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=1 ``` ##### 3. 配置IPv6动态地址分配 在路由器上启用无状态地址自动配置(SLAAC): ```bash # 配置f0/0接口上的IPv6地址 ipv6 add 2001:db8:cafe:1::1/64 # 开启其他配置标志位 ipv6 nd other-config-flag ``` ##### 4. 配置IPv6 6rd隧道 如果需要使用6rd隧道技术,可以在Linux中执行以下命令: ```bash # 创建6rd隧道 ip tunnel add sixrd mode sit remote any local <本地IPv4地址> # 设置6rd参数 ip tunnel 6rd dev sixrd 6rd-prefix 2012:db8:2300::/48 6rd-relay_prefix 192.168.0.0/16 ``` ##### 5. 测试IPv6连通性 使用`ping6`命令测试IPv6网络连通性: ```bash ping6 fd88:5110:a240::886:f252 ``` ##### 6. 配置HAProxy支持IPv6 在HAProxy配置文件中添加对IPv6的支持: ```bash frontend http-in bind *:80 bind [::]:80 v6only=first default_backend servers backend servers server server1 [fd88:5110:a240::886:f252]:80 ``` #### 注意事项 - 确保所有设备的防火墙规则允许IPv6流量。 - 如果使用GNS3搭建环境,需确保路由器和交换机支持IPv6协议[^2]。 - 在配置6rd隧道时,IPv6前缀和IPv4通用前缀必须严格匹配指定要求,不可随意设定。 ```python # 示例代码:Python脚本验证IPv6地址格式 import ipaddress def validate_ipv6(address): try: ipaddress.IPv6Address(address) return True except ipaddress.AddressValueError: return False print(validate_ipv6("fd88:5110:a240::886:f250")) # 输出 True ``` ###
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