本文详细介绍了一款基于蓝牙4.0的应用开发过程，包括如何使用Android系统进行蓝牙设备的扫描、连接及数据交互等核心步骤。文章通过具体实例演示了如何实现蓝牙设备的查找、服务与特征值的读取等功能。
为了自己忘记，也为了他人的方便，全码在此！！！
private BluetoothGatt bluetoothGatt; private BluetoothGattService gattService; private BluetoothGattCharacteristic gattCharacteristic; private BluetoothManager bluetoothManager; private BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter; private List<BluetoothDevice> devices = new ArrayList<>(); private UUID serviceUUID; //不同设备 不同uuid private UUID characteristicUUID; //不同设备 不同uuid private final UUID service4UUID= UUID.fromString("0000fff0-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"); private final UUID charAUUID = UUID.fromString("0000fffa-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"); private LightReceiver lightReceiver; private ScanReceiver scanReceiver; private ListView listView; private TextView tvrefresh; private String lightAction; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); Log.i("tag", "MainActivity onCreate()"); // listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv_bluetooth); tvrefresh = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_refresh_bluetooth); tvrefresh.setOnClickListener(this); openBluetooth(); registeLigthReceiver(); registeScanReceiver(); } @Override protected void onStart() { super.onStart(); Log.i("tag", "MainActivity onStart()"); bluetoothScan(); } //返回 @Override public boolean onKeyUp(int keyCode, KeyEvent event) { Log.i("tag", "MainActivity onKeyUp()"); this.finish(); return super.onKeyUp(keyCode, event); } //重新扫描蓝牙 @Override public void onClick(View view) { switch (view.getId()) { case R.id.tv_refresh_bluetooth: //蓝牙扫描 bluetoothScan(); break; default: break; } } //打开本地蓝牙 private void openBluetooth() { Log.i("tag", "openLocalBluetooth()"); //检查手机是否支持蓝牙4.0 if (!getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_BLUETOOTH_LE)) { Toast.makeText(this, "手机不支持蓝牙4.0", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); finish(); } //调用系统服务的方式，请求开启蓝牙 bluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE); bluetoothAdapter = bluetoothManager.getAdapter(); //开启蓝牙 if (!bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) { bluetoothAdapter.enable(); } } //开始蓝牙扫描 扫描到一个添加一个 private void bluetoothScan() { Log.i("tag", "bluetoothScan()"); if (bluetoothAdapter == null) { openBluetooth(); } if (!bluetoothAdapter.isDiscovering()) { bluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery(); //回调 } else { Toast.makeText(this, "扫描中..", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } } //更新蓝牙列表中的数据 private void updateUi() { Log.i("tag", "updateUi()"); if (devices != null && devices.size() > 0) { BlueAdapter adapter = new BlueAdapter(this, devices); listView.setAdapter(adapter); adapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); } else { Toast.makeText(this, "附近没有蓝牙", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } } //取得gatt 对应的service private BluetoothGattService getGattService(BluetoothGatt gatt, UUID serviceUUID) { List<BluetoothGattService> gattServices = gatt.getServices(); for (BluetoothGattService gattService : gattServices) { if (gattService.getUuid().equals(serviceUUID)) { return gattService; } } return null; } //取得service对应的characteristic private BluetoothGattCharacteristic getGattCharacteristic(BluetoothGattService gattService, UUID characteristicUUID) { List<BluetoothGattCharacteristic> gattCharacteristics = gattService.getCharacteristics(); for (BluetoothGattCharacteristic gattCharacteristic : gattCharacteristics) { if (gattCharacteristic.getUuid().equals(characteristicUUID)) { return gattCharacteristic; } } return null; } //注册蓝牙扫描监听 private void registeScanReceiver() { Log.i("tag", "registeScanReceiver()"); scanReceiver = new ScanReceiver(); IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(); filter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND); filter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED); registerReceiver(scanReceiver, filter); } //定义蓝牙扫描监听类 添加device ， 更新界面 class ScanReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver { @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { Log.i("tag", " BluetoothReceiver / ScanReceiver onReceive() action=" + intent.getAction()); String scanAction = intent.getAction(); if (scanAction.equals(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND)) { BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE); if (!devices.contains(device)) { devices.add(device); if (CacheUtils.getBlueDeviceString(MainActivity1.this, device.getAddress()).equals("")) { CacheUtils.putBlueDeviceString(MainActivity1.this, device.getAddress(), device.getName()); } updateUi(); } } else if (scanAction.equals(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED)) { if (devices == null || devices.size() == 0) { Toast.makeText(MainActivity1.this, "附近没有发现蓝牙设备", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } } } } //注册灯光监听 private void registeLigthReceiver() { Log.i("tag", "registeReceiver()"); lightReceiver = new LightReceiver(); IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(); filter.addAction("openLight"); filter.addAction("closeLight"); registerReceiver(lightReceiver, filter); } //定义灯控监听类 class LightReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver { @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { Log.i("tag", " BluetoothReceiver /LightReceiver onReceive() action=" + intent.getAction()); // String address = intent.getStringExtra("bluetoothAddress"); //从adapter取得的数据 lightAction = intent.getAction(); // if() 不同设备 不同serviceUUID，不同的characteristicUUID 自己确定 serviceUUID=service4UUID; characteristicUUID=charAUUID; if (bluetoothAdapter == null) { openBluetooth(); } BluetoothDevice device = bluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(address); MyBluetoothGattCallback gattCallback = new MyBluetoothGattCallback(); bluetoothGatt = device.connectGatt(MainActivity1.this, false, gattCallback); //回调 } } //蓝牙连接/通信回调 class MyBluetoothGattCallback extends android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattCallback { @Override public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status, int newState) { super.onConnectionStateChange(gatt, status, newState); Log.i("tag", "MyBluetoothGattCallback onConnectionStateChange() newState=" + newState); if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED) { gatt.discoverServices(); //连接成功，开始搜索服务，一定要调用此方法，否则获取不到服务 Log.i("tag", "MyBluetoothGattCallback STATE_CONNECTED "); } else if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_DISCONNECTED) { Log.i("tag", "MyBluetoothGattCallback STATE_DISCONNECTED"); } } @Override public void onServicesDiscovered(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status) { super.onServicesDiscovered(gatt, status); Log.i("tag", "MyBluetoothGattCallback onServicesDiscovered() status=" + status); if (lightAction.equals("openLight") || lightAction.equals("closeLight")) { //避免 不停更新 if (gattService == null || gattCharacteristic == null || !serviceUUID.equals(service4UUID) || !characteristicUUID.equals(charAUUID)) { gattService = getGattService(gatt, serviceUUID); if (gattService != null) { gattCharacteristic = getGattCharacteristic(gattService, characteristicUUID); if (gattCharacteristic != null) { gatt.setCharacteristicNotification(gattCharacteristic, true); gatt.connect(); } } } if (lightAction.equals("openLight")) { gattCharacteristic.setValue("openLight"); //这里自己设置 蓝牙模组需要的数据 gatt.writeCharacteristic(gattCharacteristic); } else if (lightAction.equals("closeLight")) { gattCharacteristic.setValue("closeLight"); //这里自己设置 蓝牙模组需要的数据 gatt.writeCharacteristic(gattCharacteristic); } lightAction = ""; gatt.readRemoteRssi(); } } } @Override protected void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); Log.i("tag", "onDestroy()"); if (bluetoothAdapter != null) { bluetoothAdapter.disable(); bluetoothAdapter = null; } if (bluetoothGatt != null) { bluetoothGatt.disconnect(); bluetoothGatt.close(); bluetoothGatt = null; } if (lightReceiver != null) { unregisterReceiver(lightReceiver); lightReceiver = null; } if (scanReceiver != null) { unregisterReceiver(scanReceiver); scanReceiver = null; } }
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