ArrayList是基于数组实现的,是一个动态数组,其容量能自动增长。
ArrayList不是线程安全的,只能用在单线程环境下。
实现了RandomAccess接口,支持快速随机访问,实际上就是通过下标序号进行快速访问;
实现了Cloneable接口,能被克隆。
实现了Serializable接口,因此它支持序列化,能够通过序列化传输;
说明:以下代码解释来源于jdk8源码,不同版本可能有所不同。
一、源码指明ArrayList的本质还是Array数组,其实从命名我们也可以窥探到。
/**
* The array buffer into which the elements of the ArrayList are stored.
* The capacity of the ArrayList is the length of this array buffer. Any
* empty ArrayList with elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA
* will be expanded to DEFAULT_CAPACITY when the first element is added.
*/
transient Object[] elementData; // non-private to simplify nested class access
/**
* The size of the ArrayList (the number of elements it contains).
*
* @serial
*/
private int size;
二、ArrayList初始在不指定容量的情况下初始化为一个长度为0的空数组。初始化未指定长度,第一次add数据时ArrayList默认的初始化长度为10。
/**
* Default initial capacity.
*/
private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10;
/**
* Shared empty array instance used for empty instances.
*/
private static final Object[] EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};
/**
* Shared empty array instance used for default sized empty instances. We
* distinguish this from EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA to know how much to inflate when
* first element is added.
*/
private static final Object[] DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};
三、扩容 肯定是在add方法中实现
/**
* Appends the specified element to the end of this list.
*
* @param e element to be appended to this list
* @return <tt>true</tt> (as specified by {@link Collection#add})
*/
public boolean add(E e) {
ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!!
elementData[size++] = e;
return true;
}
扩容核心代码:
/**
* Increases the capacity to ensure that it can hold at least the
* number of elements specified by the minimum capacity argument.
*
* @param minCapacity the desired minimum capacity
*/
private void grow(int minCapacity) {
// overflow-conscious code
int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);
if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
newCapacity = minCapacity;
if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
// minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:
elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
}
由此正常可见情况下新的容量等于 现有数组长度 + 现有数组长度右移1位(除以2取整)。
四、再看看remove操作(此处只展示指定坐标元素移除,传入元素移除无非就是遍历一次数组)
/**
* Removes the element at the specified position in this list.
* Shifts any subsequent elements to the left (subtracts one from their
* indices).
*
* @param index the index of the element to be removed
* @return the element that was removed from the list
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
*/
public E remove(int index) {
rangeCheck(index);
modCount++;
E oldValue = elementData(index);
int numMoved = size - index - 1;
if (numMoved > 0)
System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,
numMoved);
elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work
return oldValue;
}
int numMoved = size - index - 1;计算出数组需要移动的次数。通过System.arraycopy进行位移并将数组的长度Size减一,最后一位置为null由GC进行回收。
五、关于序列化问题:
声明为transient,为什么还可以序列化成功呢?
回答是ArrayList重写了writeObject方法。
/**
* Save the state of the <tt>ArrayList</tt> instance to a stream (that
* is, serialize it).
*
* @serialData The length of the array backing the <tt>ArrayList</tt>
* instance is emitted (int), followed by all of its elements
* (each an <tt>Object</tt>) in the proper order.
*/
private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)
throws java.io.IOException{
// Write out element count, and any hidden stuff
int expectedModCount = modCount;
s.defaultWriteObject();
// Write out size as capacity for behavioural compatibility with clone()
s.writeInt(size);
// Write out all elements in the proper order.
for (int i=0; i<size; i++) {
s.writeObject(elementData[i]);
}
if (modCount != expectedModCount) {
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
原因可能如下:ArrayList是会开辟多余空间来保存数据的,而系列化和反序列化这些没有存放数据的空间是要消耗更多资源的,
所以ArrayList的数组就声明为transient,告诉虚拟机这个你别管,我自己来处理,然后就自己实现write/readObject方法,仅仅系列化已经存放的数据。
先这样吧,后面会继续整理其他集合类。