magento安装说明 [最新]

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#magento安装 #magento安装报错 #magento安装过程 #magento怎么安装

于 2019-07-31 16:02:16 首次发布

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因前一篇安装文章有顺序不对的情况，故写一篇简明直接的文章来叙述安装过程。

下面操作都是安装必须操作的步骤

（1）服务器环境性能配置

针对nginx、php、mysql的各项上传文件限制，执行超时时间、内存限制等等都做相应调整，往大了设置。

（2）下载源码到服务器文件夹后，配置好域名访问。

（3）设置文件夹权限

一共需要给777权限的文件夹有：

You meet 5 out of 5 writable file permission requirements.

"{"path":"/magento/app/etc"}" writable directory permission. （这个是后台修改一些秘钥等配置时候会用到777权限）
"{"path":"/magento/var"}" writable directory permission.
"{"path":"/magento/pub/media"}" writable directory permission.
"{"path":"/magento/pub/static"}" writable directory permission.
"{"path":"/magento/generated"}" writable directory permission.

（4）删除php禁用函数

一般需要禁用的有openlog,syslog 两个函数，根据实际情况再进行其他禁用。

（5）配置PHP扩展

lib-libxml，ext-ctype，ext-gd，ext-spl，ext-dom，ext-simplexml，ext-mcrypt，ext-bcmath，ext-hash，ext-curl，ext-iconv，ext-intl，ext-xsl，ext-mbstring，ext-openssl，ext-zip，ext-pdo_mysql，ext-soap

实际经验来说，把ext-intl，ext-xsl 两个扩展安装一下即可，其他的基本自带安装有的。

这边还建议安装一个PHP缓存器扩展opcache，这个也是官方建议安装的。

（6）建好magento数据库

建好一个magento的数据库,utf8格式就行。

（7）安装检查报错open_basedir

Cannot determine required PHP extensions: Warning: is_readable(): open_basedir restriction in effect. File(/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt) is not within the allowed path(s): (/var/www/magento/:/tmp/:/proc/) in /var/www/magento/vendor/composer/ca-bundle/src/CaBundle.php on line 85

看到上面报错可以看出：/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt 这个文件路径不在open_basedir中，

解决办法有多个，这里因为是nginx环境，说两个：

（1）可以在nignx配置中：nginx/conf/fastcgi.conf

最下面加入一行：

fastcgi_param PHP_ADMIN_VALUE "open_basedir=/website/store/:/tmp/:/proc/:/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt";

（2）如果项目根目录下有 .user.ini配置文件，则可以打开（推荐）

修改为：

open_basedir=/website/store/:/tmp/:/proc/:/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt （红色代码是需要加在后面的部分）

（8）安装完毕后访问基本会页面错乱，页面无法加载css js等样式文件

首先排除掉权限问题。

然后执行以下代码试试，看静态文件是否生成了：

php bin/magento setup:static-content:deploy -f en_US && php bin/magento cache:clean

按键盘F12，看到一些报错，出现404，类似：

http://www.example.com/static/version1511952472/frontend/Magento/luma/en_US/mage/loader.js

但是访问下面链接，可以正常访问：

http://www.example.com/static/frontend/Magento/luma/en_US/mage/loader.js

可以看出，下面的路径比上面的少了 version1511952472 ，该文件夹实际上是不存在的，是通过 rewrite 来实现转向的。

首先后台是可以控制是否使用 static files versioning 的

设置 Sign Static Files 为 No 这样就不存在转向问题了。但是治标不治本。

因为你已经可能无法进入网站后台了，所以得直接改数据库记录。

可以先在mysql中查询是否存在这条数据，当然一般是不存在的，保险还是查询下，查询语句如下：

select * from core_config_data where path = 'dev/static/sign';

查不到那就执行插入语句：

insert into core_config_data(path, value) VALUES ('dev/static/sign', 0);

然后执行命令（shell命令）：

php bin/magento cache:clean

（9）nginx配置环境

在宝塔中，打开网站的站点配置文件。（这个配置文件的实际位置在/www/server/panel/vhost/nginx/www.xxx.com.conf）

①在顶部加入：

upstream fastcgi_backend {
#    # use tcp connection
#    # server  127.0.0.1:9000;
#    # or socket
    server   unix:/tmp/php-cgi-71.sock;
}

#这个sock路径来源看php中配置文件php-fpm.conf ，里面有个

②在引入项目根目录这行代码中，将root修改下：

root /website/store; #原来的代码

改为：

 set $MAGE_ROOT /website/store;

③引入nginx.conf.sample配置文件

include /website/store/nginx.conf.sample;

nginx.conf.sample文件放在项目根目录下，内容如下（注意：memory_limit 设置大小）

## Example configuration:
# upstream fastcgi_backend {
#    # use tcp connection
#    # server  127.0.0.1:9000;
#    # or socket
#    server   unix:/var/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock;
# }
# server {
#    listen 80;
#    server_name mage.dev;
#    set $MAGE_ROOT /var/www/magento2;
#    include /vagrant/magento2/nginx.conf.sample;
# }
#
## Optional override of deployment mode. We recommend you use the
## command 'bin/magento deploy:mode:set' to switch modes instead.
##
## set $MAGE_MODE default; # or production or developer
##
## If you set MAGE_MODE in server config, you must pass the variable into the
## PHP entry point blocks, which are indicated below. You can pass
## it in using:
##
## fastcgi_param  MAGE_MODE $MAGE_MODE;
##
## In production mode, you should uncomment the 'expires' directive in the /static/ location block
 
root $MAGE_ROOT/pub;
 
index index.php;
autoindex off;
charset UTF-8;
error_page 404 403 = /errors/404.php;
#add_header "X-UA-Compatible" "IE=Edge";
 
# PHP entry point for setup application
location ~* ^/setup($|/) {
    root $MAGE_ROOT;
    location ~ ^/setup/index.php {
        fastcgi_pass   fastcgi_backend;
 
        fastcgi_param  PHP_FLAG  "session.auto_start=off \n suhosin.session.cryptua=off";
        fastcgi_param  PHP_VALUE "memory_limit=4096M \n max_execution_time=600";
        fastcgi_read_timeout 600s;
        fastcgi_connect_timeout 600s;
 
        fastcgi_index  index.php;
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include        fastcgi_params;
    }
 
    location ~ ^/setup/(?!pub/). {
        deny all;
    }
 
    location ~ ^/setup/pub/ {
        add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
    }
}
 
# PHP entry point for update application
location ~* ^/update($|/) {
    root $MAGE_ROOT;
 
    location ~ ^/update/index.php {
        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(/update/index.php)(/.+)$;
        fastcgi_pass   fastcgi_backend;
        fastcgi_index  index.php;
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_param  PATH_INFO        $fastcgi_path_info;
        include        fastcgi_params;
    }
 
    # Deny everything but index.php
    location ~ ^/update/(?!pub/). {
        deny all;
    }
 
    location ~ ^/update/pub/ {
        add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
    }
}
 
location / {
    try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$is_args$args;
}
 
location /pub/ {
    location ~ ^/pub/media/(downloadable|customer|import|theme_customization/.*\.xml) {
        deny all;
    }
    alias $MAGE_ROOT/pub/;
    add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
}
 
location /static/ {
    # Uncomment the following line in production mode
    # expires max;
 
    # Remove signature of the static files that is used to overcome the browser cache
    location ~ ^/static/version {
        rewrite ^/static/(version[^/]+/)?(.*)$ /static/$2 last;
    }
 
    location ~* \.(ico|jpg|jpeg|png|gif|svg|js|css|swf|eot|ttf|otf|woff|woff2|json)$ {
        add_header Cache-Control "public";
        add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
        expires +1y;
 
        if (!-f $request_filename) {
            rewrite ^/static/?(.*)$ /static.php?resource=$1 last;
        }
    }
    location ~* \.(zip|gz|gzip|bz2|csv|xml)$ {
        add_header Cache-Control "no-store";
        add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
        expires    off;
 
        if (!-f $request_filename) {
           rewrite ^/static/?(.*)$ /static.php?resource=$1 last;
        }
    }
    if (!-f $request_filename) {
        rewrite ^/static/?(.*)$ /static.php?resource=$1 last;
    }
    add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
}
 
location /media/ {
    try_files $uri $uri/ /get.php$is_args$args;
 
    location ~ ^/media/theme_customization/.*\.xml {
        deny all;
    }
 
    location ~* \.(ico|jpg|jpeg|png|gif|svg|js|css|swf|eot|ttf|otf|woff|woff2)$ {
        add_header Cache-Control "public";
        add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
        expires +1y;
        try_files $uri $uri/ /get.php$is_args$args;
    }
    location ~* \.(zip|gz|gzip|bz2|csv|xml)$ {
        add_header Cache-Control "no-store";
        add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
        expires    off;
        try_files $uri $uri/ /get.php$is_args$args;
    }
    add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
}
 
location /media/customer/ {
    deny all;
}
 
location /media/downloadable/ {
    deny all;
}
 
location /media/import/ {
    deny all;
}
 
# PHP entry point for main application
location ~ (index|get|static|report|404|503|health_check)\.php$ {
    try_files $uri =404;
    fastcgi_pass   fastcgi_backend;
    fastcgi_buffers 1024 4k;
 
    fastcgi_param  PHP_FLAG  "session.auto_start=off \n suhosin.session.cryptua=off";
    fastcgi_param  PHP_VALUE "memory_limit=756M \n max_execution_time=18000";
    fastcgi_read_timeout 600s;
    fastcgi_connect_timeout 600s;
 
    fastcgi_index  index.php;
    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
    include        fastcgi_params;
}
 
gzip on;
gzip_disable "msie6";
 
gzip_comp_level 6;
gzip_min_length 1100;
gzip_buffers 16 8k;
gzip_proxied any;
gzip_types
    text/plain
    text/css
    text/js
    text/xml
    text/javascript
    application/javascript
    application/x-javascript
    application/json
    application/xml
    application/xml+rss
    image/svg+xml;
gzip_vary on;
 
# Banned locations (only reached if the earlier PHP entry point regexes don't match)
location ~* (\.php$|\.htaccess$|\.git) {
    deny all;
}