实用型NEWBASIC语言设计方案

实用型NEWBASIC语言设计方案

一、语言核心设计 (core/language_core.bas)

' NEWBASIC 语言核心
MODULE LanguageCore

    ' 基本数据类型
    ENUM DataType
        Integer
        Float
        String
        Boolean
        Array
        Object
    END ENUM
    
    ' 变量系统
    CLASS Variable
        PUBLIC PROPERTY Name AS String
        Public Property Type AS DataType
        Public Property Value AS Object
        Public Property IsConstant AS Boolean = FALSE
    END CLASS
    
    ' 作用域管理
    CLASS Scope
        PUBLIC PROPERTY Variables AS Dictionary(Of String, Variable)
        Public Property ParentScope AS Scope
        
        PUBLIC FUNCTION GetVariable(name AS String) AS Variable
            IF Variables.ContainsKey(name) THEN
                RETURN Variables(name)
            ELSEIF ParentScope IS NOT NOTHING THEN
                RETURN ParentScope.GetVariable(name)
            END IF
            RETURN NOTHING
        END FUNCTION
    END CLASS
    
    ' 表达式求值器
    CLASS ExpressionEvaluator
        PUBLIC FUNCTION Evaluate(expression AS String, scope AS Scope) AS Object
            ' 解析并求值表达式
            DIM tokens = Tokenize(expression)
            DIM ast = Parse(tokens)
            RETURN Interpret(ast, scope)
        END FUNCTION
    END CLASS
    
    ' 控制结构
    CLASS ControlStructures
        PUBLIC SUB ExecuteIf(condition AS Boolean, trueBlock AS Action, falseBlock AS Action)
            IF condition THEN
                trueBlock()
            ELSE
                falseBlock()
            END IF
        END SUB
        
        PUBLIC SUB ExecuteFor(start AS Integer, end AS Integer, step AS Integer, block AS Action(Of Integer))
            FOR i = start TO end STEP step
                block(i)
            NEXT
        END SUB
        
        PUBLIC SUB ExecuteWhile(condition AS Func(Of Boolean), block AS Action)
            WHILE condition()
                block()
            END WHILE
        END SUB
    END CLASS
    
    ' 函数系统
    CLASS FunctionSystem
        PUBLIC PROPERTY Functions AS Dictionary(Of String, FunctionDefinition)
        
        PUBLIC SUB DefineFunction(name AS String, parameters AS List(Of String), body AS Action(Of Dictionary(Of String, Object)))
            Functions(name) = NEW FunctionDefinition() With {
                .Parameters = parameters,
                .Body = body
            }
        END SUB
        
        PUBLIC FUNCTION CallFunction(name AS String, arguments AS Dictionary(Of String, Object)) AS Object
            IF Functions.ContainsKey(name) THEN
                RETURN Functions(name).Body(arguments)
            END IF
            THROW NEW FunctionNotFoundException($"Function {name} not defined")
        END FUNCTION
    END CLASS
END MODULE

二、标准库实现 (core/stdlib.bas)

' 标准库
MODULE StandardLibrary

    IMPORT LanguageCore
    
    ' 数学函数
    CLASS MathFunctions
        PUBLIC SHARED FUNCTION Sin(x AS Double) AS Double
            RETURN Math.Sin(x)
        END FUNCTION
        
        PUBLIC SHARED FUNCTION Cos(x AS Double) AS Double
            RETURN Math.Cos(x)
        END FUNCTION
        
        PUBLIC SHARED FUNCTION Sqrt(x AS Double) AS Double
            RETURN Math.Sqrt(x)
        END FUNCTION
        
        PUBLIC SHARED FUNCTION Random(min AS Double, max AS Double) AS Double
            RETURN Rnd() * (max - min) + min
        END FUNCTION
    END CLASS
    
    ' 字符串处理
    CLASS StringFunctions
        PUBLIC SHARED FUNCTION Length(s AS String) AS Integer
            RETURN s.Length
        END FUNCTION
        
        PUBLIC SHARED FUNCTION Substring(s AS String, start AS Integer, length AS Integer) AS String
            RETURN s.Substring(start, length)
        END FUNCTION
        
        PUBLIC SHARED FUNCTION ToUpper(s AS String) AS String
            RETURN s.ToUpper()
        END FUNCTION
        
        PUBLIC SHARED FUNCTION Join(separator AS String, parts AS List(Of String)) AS String
            RETURN String.Join(separator, parts)
        END FUNCTION
    END CLASS
    
    ' 输入输出
    CLASS IO
        PUBLIC SHARED SUB Print(value AS Object)
            Console.WriteLine(value.ToString())
        END SUB
        
        PUBLIC SHARED FUNCTION Input(prompt AS String) AS String
            Console.Write(prompt)
            RETURN Console.ReadLine()
        END FUNCTION
        
        PUBLIC SHARED FUNCTION ReadFile(path AS String) AS String
            RETURN File.ReadAllText(path)
        END FUNCTION
        
        PUBLIC SHARED SUB WriteFile(path AS String, content AS String)
            File.WriteAllText(path, content)
        END SUB
    END CLASS
    
    ' 时间日期
    CLASS DateTime
        PUBLIC SHARED FUNCTION Now() AS System.DateTime
            RETURN System.DateTime.Now
        END FUNCTION
        
        PUBLIC SHARED FUNCTION Format(dt AS System.DateTime, format AS String) AS String
            RETURN dt.ToString(format)
        END FUNCTION
    END CLASS
END MODULE

三、解释器实现 (core/interpreter.bas)

' 解释器核心
MODULE Interpreter

    IMPORT LanguageCore
    IMPORT StandardLibrary
    
    ' 解释器状态
    CLASS InterpreterState
        PUBLIC PROPERTY GlobalScope AS Scope
        Public Property CurrentScope AS Scope
        Public Property FunctionSystem AS FunctionSystem
    END CLASS
    
    ' 代码执行器
    CLASS CodeExecutor
        PUBLIC FUNCTION Execute(code AS String) AS Object
            ' 解析代码
            DIM statements = ParseStatements(code)
            
            ' 创建执行环境
            DIM state = NEW InterpreterState()
            state.GlobalScope = NEW Scope()
            state.CurrentScope = state.GlobalScope
            state.FunctionSystem = NEW FunctionSystem()
            
            ' 注册标准库
            RegisterStandardLibrary(state.FunctionSystem)
            
            ' 执行语句
            FOR EACH stmt IN statements
                ExecuteStatement(stmt, state)
            NEXT
            
            RETURN NOTHING
        END FUNCTION
        
        PRIVATE SUB ExecuteStatement(stmt AS Statement, state AS InterpreterState)
            SELECT CASE stmt.Type
                CASE StatementType.VariableDeclaration
                    ExecuteVariableDeclaration(stmt, state)
                CASE StatementType.Assignment
                    ExecuteAssignment(stmt, state)
                CASE StatementType.FunctionCall
                    ExecuteFunctionCall(stmt, state)
                CASE StatementType.IfStatement
                    ExecuteIfStatement(stmt, state)
                CASE StatementType.ForLoop
                    ExecuteForLoop(stmt, state)
                CASE StatementType.WhileLoop
                    ExecuteWhileLoop(stmt, state)
                CASE StatementType.FunctionDefinition
                    ExecuteFunctionDefinition(stmt, state)
            END SELECT
        END SUB
    END CLASS
    
    ' 调试器
    CLASS Debugger
        PUBLIC PROPERTY Breakpoints AS List(Of Integer) ' 行号断点
        Public Property StepMode AS Boolean = FALSE
        Public Property CallStack AS Stack(Of String)
        
        PUBLIC SUB PauseExecution(lineNumber AS Integer)
            IF Breakpoints.Contains(lineNumber) OR StepMode THEN
                ' 进入调试状态
                EnterDebugMode(lineNumber)
            END IF
        END SUB
        
        PUBLIC SUB EnterDebugMode(lineNumber AS Integer)
            PRINT $"Break at line {lineNumber}"
            PRINT "Debug commands: (c)ontinue, (s)tep, (v)ariables, (q)uit"
            
            DIM command = Console.ReadLine()
            SELECT CASE command
                CASE "c"
                    StepMode = FALSE
                CASE "s"
                    StepMode = TRUE
                CASE "v"
                    ShowVariables()
                CASE "q"
                    Environment.Exit(0)
            END SELECT
        END SUB
    END CLASS
END MODULE

四、图形库实现 (core/graphics.bas)

' 简单图形库
MODULE Graphics

    IMPORT System.Drawing
    IMPORT System.Windows.Forms
    
    ' 图形窗口
    CLASS GraphicsWindow
        PUBLIC PROPERTY Form AS Form
        Public Property Canvas AS Bitmap
        Public Property Graphics AS Graphics
        
        PUBLIC SUB New(width AS Integer, height AS Integer, title AS String)
            Form = NEW Form() With {
                .Text = title,
                .Size = NEW Size(width, height)
            }
            Canvas = NEW Bitmap(width, height)
            Graphics = Graphics.FromImage(Canvas)
            
            ' 设置绘制事件
            AddHandler Form.Paint, AddressOf OnPaint
        END SUB
        
        PUBLIC SUB Show()
            Application.Run(Form)
        END SUB
        
        PRIVATE SUB OnPaint(sender AS Object, e AS PaintEventArgs)
            e.Graphics.DrawImage(Canvas, 0, 0)
        END SUB
        
        PUBLIC SUB Refresh()
            Form.Invalidate()
        END SUB
    END CLASS
    
    ' 绘图函数
    CLASS Drawing
        PUBLIC SHARED SUB DrawLine(window AS GraphicsWindow, x1 AS Integer, y1 AS Integer, x2 AS Integer, y2 AS Integer, color AS Color)
            USING pen = NEW Pen(color)
                window.Graphics.DrawLine(pen, x1, y1, x2, y2)
            END USING
            window.Refresh()
        END SUB
        
        PUBLIC SHARED SUB DrawCircle(window AS GraphicsWindow, x AS Integer, y AS Integer, radius AS Integer, color AS Color)
            USING pen = NEW Pen(color)
                window.Graphics.DrawEllipse(pen, x - radius, y - radius, radius * 2, radius * 2)
            END USING
            window.Refresh()
        END SUB
        
        PUBLIC SHARED SUB FillCircle(window AS GraphicsWindow, x AS Integer, y AS Integer, radius AS Integer, color AS Color)
            USING brush = NEW SolidBrush(color)
                window.Graphics.FillEllipse(brush, x - radius, y - radius, radius * 2, radius * 2)
            END USING
            window.Refresh()
        END SUB
        
        PUBLIC SHARED SUB DrawText(window AS GraphicsWindow, text AS String, x AS Integer, y AS Integer, color AS Color, fontSize AS Integer)
            USING font = NEW Font("Arial", fontSize)
                USING brush = NEW SolidBrush(color)
                    window.Graphics.DrawString(text, font, brush, x, y)
                END USING
            END USING
            window.Refresh()
        END SUB
    END CLASS
END MODULE

五、硬件接口实现 (core/hardware.bas)

' 硬件接口（树莓派示例）
MODULE Hardware

    IMPORT System.Device.Gpio
    
    ' GPIO控制
    CLASS GPIO
        PRIVATE SHARED _controller AS GpioController
        
        PUBLIC SHARED SUB Initialize()
            _controller = NEW GpioController()
        END SUB
        
        PUBLIC SHARED SUB SetPinMode(pin AS Integer, mode AS PinMode)
            _controller.OpenPin(pin, mode)
        END SUB
        
        PUBLIC SHARED SUB WritePin(pin AS Integer, value AS PinValue)
            _controller.Write(pin, value)
        END SUB
        
        PUBLIC SHARED FUNCTION ReadPin(pin AS Integer) AS PinValue
            RETURN _controller.Read(pin)
        END FUNCTION
    END CLASS
    
    ' I2C接口
    CLASS I2C
        PUBLIC SHARED FUNCTION ReadByte(deviceAddress AS Integer, register AS Byte) AS Byte
            USING i2cDevice = I2cDevice.Create(NEW I2cConnectionSettings(1, deviceAddress))
                i2cDevice.WriteByte(register)
                RETURN i2cDevice.ReadByte()
            END USING
        END FUNCTION
        
        PUBLIC SHARED SUB WriteByte(deviceAddress AS Integer, register AS Byte, value AS Byte)
            USING i2cDevice = I2cDevice.Create(NEW I2cConnectionSettings(1, deviceAddress))
                i2cDevice.Write(NEW Byte() {register, value})
            END USING
        END SUB
    END CLASS
    
    ' PWM控制
    CLASS PWM
        PUBLIC SHARED SUB SetPwm(pin AS Integer, frequency AS Double, dutyCycle AS Double)
            ' 使用硬件PWM实现
            HardwarePwm.ChangeDutyCycle(pin, dutyCycle)
            HardwarePwm.Start(pin, frequency)
        END SUB
    END CLASS
END MODULE

六、集成测试 (tests/basic_tests.bas)

' 基本功能测试
MODULE BasicTests

    IMPORT Interpreter
    IMPORT Graphics
    IMPORT Hardware
    
    SUB RunAllTests()
        PRINT "=== NEWBASIC 基本测试 ==="
        
        TestLanguageCore()
        TestGraphics()
        TestHardware()
        
        PRINT "所有测试通过！"
    END SUB
    
    SUB TestLanguageCore()
        PRINT "测试语言核心..."
        
        DIM code = 
            "DIM x = 10\n" &
            "DIM y = 20\n" &
            "DIM sum = x + y\n" &
            "PRINT sum"
        
        DIM executor = NEW CodeExecutor()
        executor.Execute(code)
        
        PRINT "语言核心测试通过"
    END SUB
    
    SUB TestGraphics()
        PRINT "测试图形库..."
        
        DIM window = NEW GraphicsWindow(800, 600, "图形测试")
        
        ' 绘制图形
        Drawing.DrawLine(window, 100, 100, 700, 500, Color.Red)
        Drawing.FillCircle(window, 400, 300, 100, Color.Blue)
        Drawing.DrawText(window, "Hello NEWBASIC", 300, 250, Color.White, 24)
        
        window.Show()
        
        PRINT "图形库测试通过"
    END SUB
    
    SUB TestHardware()
        PRINT "测试硬件接口..."
        
        ' 初始化GPIO
        GPIO.Initialize()
        
        ' 设置引脚模式
        GPIO.SetPinMode(17, PinMode.Output)
        
        ' 控制LED闪烁
        FOR i = 1 TO 5
            GPIO.WritePin(17, PinValue.High)
            Threading.Thread.Sleep(500)
            GPIO.WritePin(17, PinValue.Low)
            Threading.Thread.Sleep(500)
        NEXT
        
        PRINT "硬件接口测试通过"
    END SUB
END MODULE

七、构建脚本 (build/build.bas)

' 构建脚本
MODULE Build

    SUB Main()
        PRINT "开始构建 NEWBASIC..."
        
        ' 编译核心模块
        COMPILE "core/language_core.bas"
        COMPILE "core/stdlib.bas"
        COMPILE "core/interpreter.bas"
        
        ' 编译扩展模块
        COMPILE "core/graphics.bas"
        COMPILE "core/hardware.bas"
        
        ' 编译测试
        COMPILE "tests/basic_tests.bas", "tests.exe"
        
        PRINT "构建成功！"
        PRINT "运行测试: tests.exe"
        SHELL "tests.exe"
    END SUB
END MODULE

八、语言特性说明

NEWBASIC 语言特性

1. 现代语法：

   • 支持变量声明：DIM x = 10

   • 类型推断：自动识别数据类型

   • 结构化和面向对象编程

   • 函数定义：FUNCTION Add(a, b) RETURN a + b END FUNCTION

2. 标准库：

   • 数学函数：Sin, Cos, Sqrt, Random

   • 字符串处理：Length, Substring, ToUpper

   • 文件操作：ReadFile, WriteFile

   • 时间日期：Now, Format

3. 图形能力：

   • 创建图形窗口

   • 绘制基本形状（线、圆）

   • 文本绘制

   • 简单动画支持

4. 硬件交互：

   • GPIO控制（树莓派）

   • I2C通信

   • PWM输出

   • 传感器读取

5. 跨平台支持：

   • Windows

   • Linux

   • macOS

   • 树莓派

6. 教育功能：

   • 内置调试器

   • 代码步进执行

   • 变量监视

   • 可视化执行流程

使用示例

基本计算

DIM a = 5
DIM b = 10
DIM sum = a + b
PRINT "Sum: " + sum.ToString()

图形绘制

DIM window = NEW GraphicsWindow(800, 600, "My Drawing")
Drawing.DrawCircle(window, 400, 300, 100, Color.Blue)
window.Show()

硬件控制

GPIO.Initialize()
GPIO.SetPinMode(17, PinMode.Output)

WHILE TRUE
    GPIO.WritePin(17, PinValue.High)
    DELAY(1000)
    GPIO.WritePin(17, PinValue.Low)
    DELAY(1000)
END WHILE

文件操作

DIM content = ReadFile("data.txt")
DIM lines = content.Split(Environment.NewLine)

FOR EACH line IN lines
    PRINT line
NEXT

这个设计回归了BASIC语言的本质，同时加入了现代编程语言的特性，使其成为适合教育和物联网开发的实用工具。