Spring的简单搭建

最新推荐文章于 2025-07-15 19:02:10 发布

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本文详细介绍如何在IntelliJ IDEA和Tomcat环境下，使用Maven构建工具搭建Spring框架项目。包括创建空项目、添加Spring依赖、编写HelloWorld示例、配置Spring Bean及运行项目等关键步骤。

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工具idea，tomcat
File->New->Project，选择Empty Project，创建一个空工程
File->New->Module，选择Maven->org.apache.maven.archetype:maven-archetype-quickstart->Next
填写坐标，框红的都为none
填写maven的一些信息，框红的必须要填，不然这个工程创建会极慢极慢
填写module name（以上步骤与Struts2的简单搭建中Maven方式搭建相似）

修改pom.xml

  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>maven_spring</groupId>
  <artifactId>maven_spring</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>maven_spring</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

  <properties>
      <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
          <version>4.3.14.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
          <version>4.3.14.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
          <version>4.3.14.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
          <version>4.3.14.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
          <version>4.3.14.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
          <version>4.3.14.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
          <version>4.3.14.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-instrument</artifactId>
          <version>4.3.14.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-instrument-tomcat</artifactId>
          <version>4.3.14.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
          <version>4.3.14.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId>
          <version>4.3.14.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-messaging</artifactId>
          <version>4.3.14.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
          <version>4.3.14.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId>
          <version>4.3.14.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
          <version>4.3.14.RELEASE</version>
          <!--<scope>test</scope>-->
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
          <version>4.3.14.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
          <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
          <version>1.2</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>aopalliance</groupId>
          <artifactId>aopalliance</artifactId>
          <version>1.0</version>
      </dependency>
  </dependencies>

选中名为maven_spring的module目录，右键->Maven->Reimport，导入jar

在src/main/java下编写HelloWorld，Main类

  public class HelloWorld {
      private String name;
  
      public void setName(String name) {
          this.name = name;
      }
  
      public void sayHello(){
          System.out.println("Hello "+name);
      }
  }

  public class Main {
      public static void main(String[] args){
          //创建一个spring的IOC容器对象
          ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-config.xml");
          //从IOC容器中获取Bean实例
          HelloWorld helloWorld = (HelloWorld)context.getBean("helloWorld");
          //调用sayHello()方法
          helloWorld.sayHello();
      }
  }

在src/main/resources下创建spring-config.xml文件，并设置bean

  <bean id="helloWorld" class="HelloWorld">
      <property name="name" value="lalala"></property>
  </bean>

在Terminal中切换到相应路径，使用mvn compile编译
右键运行Main类，就可以显示结果了

问题

如果spring-config.xml文件放在了src/main/java下，则使用maven编译后，其不会出现在classes的文件夹下。有两种方法解决：

把配置文件放在src/main/resources的资源文件夹下

在pom.xml引入这个资源文件，如下：

 	<build>
         <resources>
             <resource>
                 <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                 <includes>
                     <include>*.xml</include>
                 </includes>
                 <filtering>false</filtering>
             </resource>
         </resources>
     </build>