java.sql.SQLException: Communication failure during handshake. Is there a server running on localhost:3306?

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本文记录了一次使用Apache Tomcat部署的应用程序尝试连接MySQL数据库时出现的连接失败问题，并详细展示了错误堆栈跟踪信息。通过更换mysql-connector-java版本从2.0.14到3.1.11成功解决了该问题。

环境：
MySQL 5.0 up through 5.0.16
Apache Tomcat/6.0.18
驱动：
mysql-connector-java-2.0.14.jar
症状：
信息: Server startup in 1281 ms
java.sql.SQLException: Communication failure during handshake. Is there a server running on localhost:3306?
    at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.init(Unknown Source)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.Connection.connectionInit(Unknown Source)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.jdbc2.Connection.connectionInit(Unknown Source)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.Driver.connect(Unknown Source)
    at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(Unknown Source)
    at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(Unknown Source)
    at com.mycompany.db.DBUtil.getConnection(DBUtil.java:15)
    at com.mycompany.db.TestDb.doGet(TestDb.java:24)
    at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:617)
    at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:717)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:290)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:233)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:191)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:128)
    at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:102)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:109)
    at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:286)
    at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.process(Http11Processor.java:845)
    at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol$Http11ConnectionHandler.process(Http11Protocol.java:583)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$Worker.run(JIoEndpoint.java:447)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
2008-12-25 13:39:22 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve invoke

解决方法：
把驱动换成
mysql-connector-java-3.1.11-bin.jar