如何在 Windows NT 和 Windows 2000 中使用自定义页面大小打印

文章编号: 282474 - 最后修改: 2004年3月25日 - 修订: 1.2

如何在 Windows NT 和 Windows 2000 中使用自定义页面大小打印

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在 Microsoft Windows 95、Windows 98 和 Windows Millennium Edition (Me) 系统上，可以灵活地自定义页面大小。但在运行 Windows NT 和 Windows 2000 的系统上，必须先将所有页面大小定义为页形 (form) 才能使用。本文介绍如何在 Windows NT 和 Windows 2000 上打印自定义页面大小，并包含一个代码示例，演示如何添加、选择和删除自定义页形。

备注：由于 Visual Basic 5.0 Printer 对象的特性，通过调用 ResetDC 对 DEVMODE 所做的更改不起作用。因此，本文中的代码示例不适用于 Visual Basic 5.0。

本文分为以下几个部分：

定义或选择页面大小的 DEVMODE 成员打印机将其默认设置存储在名为 DEVMODE 的结构中。定义或选择页面大小时，可能会涉及此结构的四个成员：

dmPaperSize dmPaperLength dmPaperWidth dmFormName dmPaperLength 和 dmPaperWidth 成员在所有系统上都包含值，但只能用于在运行 Windows 95、Windows 98 或 Windows Me 的系统上选择或定义大小。 dmFormName 成员仅在运行 Windows NT 或 Windows 2000 的系统上有效。 dmPaperSize 成员可在任何 32 位 Windows 操作系统上使用，只要分配给它的值对应于该系统上定义的大小或页形。

因此，在运行 Windows 95、Windows 98 或 Windows Me 系统上，可以用高度（长度）和宽度或预定义的纸张大小来定义自定义页面大小。基于 Windows NT 或 Windows 2000 的系统仅使用定义的页形来指定页面大小，您可以通过以下两种方式来进行选择：设置 dmFormName ，或将一个“常量”值赋给 dmPaperSize。

若要在 Windows NT 或 Windows 2000 系统上使用特定的纸张大小，则必须为其定义一个页形。Visual Basic 中的 Printer 对象具有 PageSize、 Height 和 Width 属性，对应于 DEVMODE 的 dmPaperSize、 dmPaperLength 和 dmPaperWidth 成员。但是， Printer 对象未提供按名称选择页形的方式，而且也未提供在运行时添加自定义页形的方法。我们必须使用 Win32 应用程序编程接口 (API) 来创建自定义页形，和/或按名称选择页形。 如何通过编程方式选择页形本文使用 EnumForms 基本进程来列出当前打印机支持的所有页形，并检查每个页形的高度和宽度。如果找到了指定的大小，将选择该大小。如果未找到指定的大小，代码将添加该页形，然后选择它。

有三种方法可以通过编程方式选择页形： 检索打印机的 DEVMODE 结构，设置 dmFormName 成员，并使用 ResetDC 函数将此页形设置为打印机设备上下文 (DC) 的当前页形。选择此页形作为 DC 的当前页形时，它仅对调用进程有效，而不会更改驱动程序的默认设置。这不需要任何特殊权限。对于需要更改打印机设置的应用程序，建议使用此方法。调用 SetForm 函数更改打印机驱动程序的默认页形。使用此方法时，需要具有对该驱动程序的完全访问权限。更改了默认页形后，将影响所有使用该驱动程序进行打印的应用程序。对于网络打印机，多数用户都没有执行此调用所必需的权限。本文中的示例代码仅演示了第一种方法，而未演示调用 SetForm 的方法，或将值赋给 Printer.PaperSize 的方法。示例代码通过返回新的自定义页形在 EnumForms 返回的列表中的位置顺序来获取其系统定义值。请注意，此方法仅适用于自定义页形。分配给预定义页形的常量值与它们在该列表中的位置顺序不对应。

使用 AddForm 函数添加自定义页形时，将为该页形分配它自己的编号（如果可用）。此编号对于使用该页形的所有打印机将一直保持一致。这样，就在当前系统上为该页形定义并分配了一个“常量”值。之后，即可通过将该值赋给 Printer.PaperSize 来选择该页形。但是，由于分配的编号只是简单地在添加该页形时列出的当前打印机页形数上加一，因此该编号可能会因某个预定义页形已经使用了该编号而不可用。因此，不建议使用此值来选择页形，所以本文中未演示使用此值的方法。如果使用分配的编号，但该值不可用，则可能会选择错误的页形或引发运行时错误 380：“Invalid Property Value.” 页形来源和函数多数页形都由操作系统定义，而且对所有本地打印机都可用。但网络打印机的页形在打印机服务器上定义。某些页形可能是专为特定打印机驱动程序定义的，因此只出现在该驱动程序的列表中。页形的另一个来源是自定义或用户定义的页形。这些页形可以手动创建，或通过代码创建，并且对系统上的所有本地打印机都可用。特定于打印机的页形和用户定义的页形都存储在注册表中。

本文中的示例使用了几个与页形相关的函数调用。下表简要地列出了主要的函数：

AddForm在系统中添加一个自定义页形。该页形上的数据存储在注册表中。因此，自定义页形对所有打印机都可用，而不是仅对添加该页形时的当前打印机可用。系统分配给该页形的数字值只是简单地在 EnumForms 返回的当前打印机页形数上加一。必须具有对该驱动程序的完全访问权限才能调用此函数。如果不能手动添加页形，此函数也会失败。因此，通常不能在网络打印机上使用此函数。 DeleteForm删除一个自定义页形。但是，此函数不会删除操作系统定义的标准页形。如果尝试删除标准页形，将返回错误代码 87。此函数需要的权限与 AddForm 函数相同。

虽然示例中未使用以下函数，但却包含这些函数的声明：



必须强调这些函数中有一些需要对打印机的完全控制权限。因此，对于安装为“网络打印机”的打印机， SetForm、 AddForm 和 DeleteForm 函数几乎根本不可用。这是因为网络打印机的驱动程序未安装在本地，而是安装在打印机服务器上，而您的用户帐户不太可能在打印机服务器上具有 Administrator 权限。但在 Windows 95、Windows 98 或 Windows Me 系统上情况有所不同。在这些系统上，所有打印机驱动程序（甚至网络打印机）始终都安装在本地。然而，可以在 Windows NT 或 Windows 2000 上将网络打印机安装为本地打印机，并将“端口”设置为打印机队列。这样，您就可以使用这些函数来进行更改，而不会影响共享该打印机的其他用户。 为网络打印机添加本地打印机驱动程序的步骤向导提示时，一定要单击 本地打印机 -或- 我的电脑 ，而不要选择 网络打印机。虽然将连接到一台网络打印机，但要使用“我的电脑”上的驱动程序。单击 下一步以继续。键入该打印机在网络上的位置。例如：

\\printserver\printername

（请用指向该打印机的实际路径名替换）。如果您更改了活动打印机的打印机属性，仍会影响所有使用该打印机的应用程序，但仅限于本地系统上。

重要说明 使用自定义页面大小时，在激光或喷墨式打印机和点阵或撞击式打印机上的现象有所不同。很明显，没有打印机会接受比它实际能够容纳的纸张大小还要宽的页面大小。但使用连续送纸机制的打印机对页面大小的限制很灵活，因为这种打印机每次打印一行。而激光和喷墨打印机每次却打印一页。因此，在打印到点阵打印机（这种打印机使用连续送纸机制）时，很容易就可以在换页时看到页面长度，因为打印机会将纸张向前送动它认为下一页的顶端开始的位置，而不管所用纸张的实际大小有多大。在激光和喷墨打印机上，换页时通常会弹出一整页打印纸，而不管它所识别的页面大小有多大。此外，在多数激光打印机上，让打印机在用户定义的页面大小上打印时，显示屏上将显示“Load Custom（装入自定义大小纸张）”，或类似提示。 分步示例将一台本地打印机设置为默认打印机。为此，请按照下列步骤操作：在 Visual Basic 中启动一个新的标准 EXE 工程。默认情况下将创建 Form1。在 Form1 上添加三个命令按钮和一个列表框。s将以下代码粘贴到 Form1 的模块中：

Option Explicit Private Sub Command1_Click() Dim FormName As String FormName = "MyCustomForm" ' Use special, user-defined form. UseForm FormName End Sub Private Sub Command2_Click() Dim FormName As String ' Get FormName from the ListBox. On Error GoTo ListBoxERR ' Trap for no selection. FormName = Mid(List1.Text, 1, InStr(1, List1.Text, " -") - 1) On Error GoTo 0 ' Turn off Error trap. UseForm FormName Exit Sub ListBoxERR: MsgBox "Select a printer from the ListBox before using this option.", _ vbExclamation End Sub Private Sub Command3_Click() Dim RetVal As Long Dim PrinterHandle As Long ' Handle to printer Dim PrinterName As String Dim FormName As String Dim Continue As Long ' Delete form that is selected in ListBox. PrinterName = Printer.DeviceName ' Current printer If OpenPrinter(PrinterName, PrinterHandle, 0&) Then On Error GoTo ListBoxERR ' Trap for no selection. FormName = Mid(List1.Text, 1, InStr(1, List1.Text, " -") - 1) On Error GoTo 0 ' Turn off Error trap. Continue = MsgBox("Are you sure you want to permanently remove " & _ FormName & " from " & PrinterName & "?", vbYesNo) If Continue = vbYes Then RetVal = DeleteForm(PrinterHandle, FormName & Chr(0)) If RetVal <> 0 Then ' DeleteForm succeeded. List1.Clear ' Reflect the deletion in the ListBox. Form_Load ' Rebuild the list. MsgBox FormName & " deleted!", vbInformation, "Success!" Else MsgBox FormName & " not deleted!" & vbCrLf & vbCrLf & _ "Error code: " & Err.LastDllError, vbInformation, "Failure!" End If End If ClosePrinter (PrinterHandle) End If Exit Sub ListBoxERR: MsgBox "Select a printer from the ListBox before using this option.", _ vbExclamation ClosePrinter (PrinterHandle) End Sub Private Sub Form_Load() Dim NumForms As Long, I As Long Dim FI1 As FORM_INFO_1 Dim aFI1() As FORM_INFO_1 ' Working FI1 array Dim Temp() As Byte ' Temp FI1 array Dim BytesNeeded As Long Dim PrinterName As String ' Current printer Dim PrinterHandle As Long ' Handle to printer Dim FormItem As String ' For ListBox Dim RetVal As Long Dim FormSize As SIZEL ' Size of desired form PrinterName = Printer.DeviceName ' Current printer If OpenPrinter(PrinterName, PrinterHandle, 0&) Then With FormSize ' Desired page size .cx = 214000 .cy = 216000 End With ReDim aFI1(1) RetVal = EnumForms(PrinterHandle, 1, aFI1(0), 0&, BytesNeeded, _ NumForms) ReDim Temp(BytesNeeded) ReDim aFI1(BytesNeeded / Len(FI1)) RetVal = EnumForms(PrinterHandle, 1, Temp(0), BytesNeeded, _ BytesNeeded, NumForms) Call CopyMemory(aFI1(0), Temp(0), BytesNeeded) For I = 0 To NumForms - 1 With aFI1(I) ' List name and size including the count (index). FormItem = PtrCtoVbString(.pName) & " - " & .Size.cx / 1000 & _ " mm X " & .Size.cy / 1000 & " mm (" & I + 1 & ")" List1.AddItem FormItem End With Next I ClosePrinter (PrinterHandle) End If End Sub Private Sub UseForm(FormName As String) Dim RetVal As Integer RetVal = SelectForm(FormName, Me.hwnd) Select Case RetVal Case FORM_NOT_SELECTED ' 0 ' Selection failed! MsgBox "Unable to retrieve From name", vbExclamation, _ "Operation halted!" Case FORM_SELECTED ' 1 ' Selection succeeded! PrintTest ' Comment this line to avoid printing Case FORM_ADDED ' 2 ' Form added and selected. List1.Clear ' Reflect the addition in the ListBox Form_Load ' by rebuilding the list. End Select End Sub

将下面的代码粘贴到 Module1 中：

Option Explicit Public Declare Function EnumForms Lib "winspool.drv" Alias "EnumFormsA" _ (ByVal hPrinter As Long, ByVal Level As Long, ByRef pForm As Any, _ ByVal cbBuf As Long, ByRef pcbNeeded As Long, _ ByRef pcReturned As Long) As Long Public Declare Function AddForm Lib "winspool.drv" Alias "AddFormA" _ (ByVal hPrinter As Long, ByVal Level As Long, pForm As Byte) As Long Public Declare Function DeleteForm Lib "winspool.drv" Alias "DeleteFormA" _ (ByVal hPrinter As Long, ByVal pFormName As String) As Long Public Declare Function OpenPrinter Lib "winspool.drv" _ Alias "OpenPrinterA" (ByVal pPrinterName As String, _ phPrinter As Long, ByVal pDefault As Long) As Long Public Declare Function ClosePrinter Lib "winspool.drv" _ (ByVal hPrinter As Long) As Long Public Declare Function DocumentProperties Lib "winspool.drv" _ Alias "DocumentPropertiesA" (ByVal hwnd As Long, _ ByVal hPrinter As Long, ByVal pDeviceName As String, _ pDevModeOutput As Any, pDevModeInput As Any, ByVal fMode As Long) _ As Long Public Declare Function ResetDC Lib "gdi32" Alias "ResetDCA" _ (ByVal hdc As Long, lpInitData As Any) As Long Public Declare Sub CopyMemory Lib "KERNEL32" Alias "RtlMoveMemory" _ (hpvDest As Any, hpvSource As Any, ByVal cbCopy As Long) Public Declare Function lstrcpy Lib "KERNEL32" Alias "lstrcpyA" _ (ByVal lpString1 As String, ByRef lpString2 As Long) As Long ' Optional functions not used in this sample, but may be useful. Public Declare Function GetForm Lib "winspool.drv" Alias "GetFormA" _ (ByVal hPrinter As Long, ByVal pFormName As String, _ ByVal Level As Long, pForm As Byte, ByVal cbBuf As Long, _ pcbNeeded As Long) As Long Public Declare Function SetForm Lib "winspool.drv" Alias "SetFormA" _ (ByVal hPrinter As Long, ByVal pFormName As String, _ ByVal Level As Long, pForm As Byte) As Long ' Constants for DEVMODE Public Const CCHFORMNAME = 32 Public Const CCHDEVICENAME = 32 Public Const DM_FORMNAME As Long = &H10000 Public Const DM_ORIENTATION = &H1& ' Constants for PRINTER_DEFAULTS.DesiredAccess Public Const PRINTER_ACCESS_ADMINISTER = &H4 Public Const PRINTER_ACCESS_USE = &H8 Public Const STANDARD_RIGHTS_REQUIRED = &HF0000 Public Const PRINTER_ALL_ACCESS = (STANDARD_RIGHTS_REQUIRED Or _ PRINTER_ACCESS_ADMINISTER Or PRINTER_ACCESS_USE) ' Constants for DocumentProperties() call Public Const DM_MODIFY = 8 Public Const DM_IN_BUFFER = DM_MODIFY Public Const DM_COPY = 2 Public Const DM_OUT_BUFFER = DM_COPY ' Custom constants for this sample's SelectForm function Public Const FORM_NOT_SELECTED = 0 Public Const FORM_SELECTED = 1 Public Const FORM_ADDED = 2 Public Type RECTL Left As Long Top As Long Right As Long Bottom As Long End Type Public Type SIZEL cx As Long cy As Long End Type Public Type SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR Revision As Byte Sbz1 As Byte Control As Long Owner As Long Group As Long Sacl As Long ' ACL Dacl As Long ' ACL End Type ' The two definitions for FORM_INFO_1 make the coding easier. Public Type FORM_INFO_1 Flags As Long pName As Long ' String Size As SIZEL ImageableArea As RECTL End Type Public Type sFORM_INFO_1 Flags As Long pName As String Size As SIZEL ImageableArea As RECTL End Type Public Type DEVMODE dmDeviceName As String * CCHDEVICENAME dmSpecVersion As Integer dmDriverVersion As Integer dmSize As Integer dmDriverExtra As Integer dmFields As Long dmOrientation As Integer dmPaperSize As Integer dmPaperLength As Integer dmPaperWidth As Integer dmScale As Integer dmCopies As Integer dmDefaultSource As Integer dmPrintQuality As Integer dmColor As Integer dmDuplex As Integer dmYResolution As Integer dmTTOption As Integer dmCollate As Integer dmFormName As String * CCHFORMNAME dmUnusedPadding As Integer dmBitsPerPel As Long dmPelsWidth As Long dmPelsHeight As Long dmDisplayFlags As Long dmDisplayFrequency As Long End Type Public Type PRINTER_DEFAULTS pDatatype As String pDevMode As Long ' DEVMODE DesiredAccess As Long End Type Public Type PRINTER_INFO_2 pServerName As String pPrinterName As String pShareName As String pPortName As String pDriverName As String pComment As String pLocation As String pDevMode As DEVMODE pSepFile As String pPrintProcessor As String pDatatype As String pParameters As String pSecurityDescriptor As SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR Attributes As Long Priority As Long DefaultPriority As Long StartTime As Long UntilTime As Long Status As Long cJobs As Long AveragePPM As Long End Type Public Function GetFormName(ByVal PrinterHandle As Long, _ FormSize As SIZEL, FormName As String) As Integer Dim NumForms As Long, I As Long Dim FI1 As FORM_INFO_1 Dim aFI1() As FORM_INFO_1 ' Working FI1 array Dim Temp() As Byte ' Temp FI1 array Dim FormIndex As Integer Dim BytesNeeded As Long Dim RetVal As Long FormName = vbNullString FormIndex = 0 ReDim aFI1(1) ' First call retrieves the BytesNeeded. RetVal = EnumForms(PrinterHandle, 1, aFI1(0), 0&, BytesNeeded, NumForms) ReDim Temp(BytesNeeded) ReDim aFI1(BytesNeeded / Len(FI1)) ' Second call actually enumerates the supported forms. RetVal = EnumForms(PrinterHandle, 1, Temp(0), BytesNeeded, BytesNeeded, _ NumForms) Call CopyMemory(aFI1(0), Temp(0), BytesNeeded) For I = 0 To NumForms - 1 With aFI1(I) If .Size.cx = FormSize.cx And .Size.cy = FormSize.cy Then ' Found the desired form FormName = PtrCtoVbString(.pName) FormIndex = I + 1 Exit For End If End With Next I GetFormName = FormIndex ' Returns non-zero when form is found. End Function Public Function AddNewForm(PrinterHandle As Long, FormSize As SIZEL, _ FormName As String) As String Dim FI1 As sFORM_INFO_1 Dim aFI1() As Byte Dim RetVal As Long With FI1 .Flags = 0 .pName = FormName With .Size .cx = FormSize.cx .cy = FormSize.cy End With With .ImageableArea .Left = 0 .Top = 0 .Right = FI1.Size.cx .Bottom = FI1.Size.cy End With End With ReDim aFI1(Len(FI1)) Call CopyMemory(aFI1(0), FI1, Len(FI1)) RetVal = AddForm(PrinterHandle, 1, aFI1(0)) If RetVal = 0 Then If Err.LastDllError = 5 Then MsgBox "You do not have permissions to add a form to " & _ Printer.DeviceName, vbExclamation, "Access Denied!" Else MsgBox "Error: " & Err.LastDllError, "Error Adding Form" End If AddNewForm = "none" Else AddNewForm = FI1.pName End If End Function Public Function PtrCtoVbString(ByVal Add As Long) As String Dim sTemp As String * 512, x As Long x = lstrcpy(sTemp, ByVal Add) If (InStr(1, sTemp, Chr(0)) = 0) Then PtrCtoVbString = "" Else PtrCtoVbString = Left(sTemp, InStr(1, sTemp, Chr(0)) - 1) End If End Function Public Function SelectForm(FormName As String, ByVal MyhWnd As Long) _ As Integer Dim nSize As Long ' Size of DEVMODE Dim pDevMode As DEVMODE Dim PrinterHandle As Long ' Handle to printer Dim hPrtDC As Long ' Handle to Printer DC Dim PrinterName As String Dim aDevMode() As Byte ' Working DEVMODE Dim FormSize As SIZEL PrinterName = Printer.DeviceName ' Current printer hPrtDC = Printer.hdc ' hDC for current Printer SelectForm = FORM_NOT_SELECTED ' Set for failure unless reset in code. ' Get a handle to the printer. If OpenPrinter(PrinterName, PrinterHandle, 0&) Then ' Retrieve the size of the DEVMODE. nSize = DocumentProperties(MyhWnd, PrinterHandle, PrinterName, 0&, _ 0&, 0&) ' Reserve memory for the actual size of the DEVMODE. ReDim aDevMode(1 To nSize) ' Fill the DEVMODE from the printer. nSize = DocumentProperties(MyhWnd, PrinterHandle, PrinterName, _ aDevMode(1), 0&, DM_OUT_BUFFER) ' Copy the Public (predefined) portion of the DEVMODE. Call CopyMemory(pDevMode, aDevMode(1), Len(pDevMode)) ' If FormName is "MyCustomForm", we must make sure it exists ' before using it. Otherwise, it came from our EnumForms list, ' and we do not need to check first. Note that we could have ' passed in a Flag instead of checking for a literal name. If FormName = "MyCustomForm" Then ' Use form "MyCustomForm", adding it if necessary. ' Set the desired size of the form needed. With FormSize ' Given in thousandths of millimeters .cx = 214000 ' width .cy = 216000 ' height End With If GetFormName(PrinterHandle, FormSize, FormName) = 0 Then ' Form not found - Either of the next 2 lines will work. 'FormName = AddNewForm(PrinterHandle, FormSize, "MyCustomForm") AddNewForm PrinterHandle, FormSize, "MyCustomForm" If GetFormName(PrinterHandle, FormSize, FormName) = 0 Then ClosePrinter (PrinterHandle) SelectForm = FORM_NOT_SELECTED ' Selection Failed! Exit Function Else SelectForm = FORM_ADDED ' Form Added, Selection succeeded! End If End If End If ' Change the appropriate member in the DevMode. ' In this case, you want to change the form name. pDevMode.dmFormName = FormName & Chr(0) ' Must be NULL terminated! ' Set the dmFields bit flag to indicate what you are changing. pDevMode.dmFields = DM_FORMNAME ' Copy your changes back, then update DEVMODE. Call CopyMemory(aDevMode(1), pDevMode, Len(pDevMode)) nSize = DocumentProperties(MyhWnd, PrinterHandle, PrinterName, _ aDevMode(1), aDevMode(1), DM_IN_BUFFER Or DM_OUT_BUFFER) nSize = ResetDC(hPrtDC, aDevMode(1)) ' Reset the DEVMODE for the DC. ' Close the handle when you are finished with it. ClosePrinter (PrinterHandle) ' Selection Succeeded! But was Form Added? If SelectForm <> FORM_ADDED Then SelectForm = FORM_SELECTED Else SelectForm = FORM_NOT_SELECTED ' Selection Failed! End If End Function Public Sub PrintTest() ' Print two test pages to confirm the page size. Printer.Print "Top of Page 1." Printer.NewPage ' Spacing between lines should reflect the chosen page height. Printer.Print "Top of Page 2. - Check the page Height (Length.)" Printer.EndDoc MsgBox "Check Printer " & Printer.DeviceName, vbInformation, "Done!" End Sub

运行该工程。列表框中将显示当前打印机支持的所有页形。单击列表框中的新自定义页形，然后单击 Command3。程序将提示您是否确定要删除该页形。如果单击 是，程序将删除该自定义页形。如果尝试删除预定义的页形，将引发错误 87，因为只有自定义页形可以删除。

Microsoft和/或其各供应商对于为任何目的而在本服务器上发布的文件及有关图形所含信息的适用性，不作任何声明。 所有该等文件及有关图形均"依样"提供，而不带任何性质的保证。Microsoft和/或其各供应商特此声明，对所有与该等信息有关的保证和条件不负任何责任，该等保证和条件包括关于适销性、符合特定用途、所有权和非侵权的所有默示保证和条件。在任何情况下，在由于使用或运行本服务器上的信息所引起的或与该等使用或运行有关的诉讼中，Microsoft和/或其各供应商就因丧失使用、数据或利润所导致的任何特别的、间接的、衍生性的损害或任何因使用而丧失所导致的之损害、数据或利润不负任何责任。

引文来源   如何在 Windows NT 和 Windows 2000 中使用自定义页面大小打印