C++11启动线程的多种方式

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本文介绍使用C++进行多线程编程的四种常见方法：通过函数指针、函数对象、lambda表达式及成员函数创建线程。每种方法都提供了具体的代码示例，并解释了其实现细节。

1、通过函数指针创建线程

#include<iostream>
#include<thread>

using namespace std;

void counter(int id,int numIterations)
{
	for(int i=0;i<numIterations;++i)
	{
		cout<<"Counter "<<id<<" has value "<<i<<endl;
	}
}
int main()
{
	cout.sync_with_stdio(true);
	thread t1(counter,1,6);
	thread t2(counter,2,4);
	t1.join();
	t2.join();
	return 0;
 }

2、通过函数对象创建线程

#include<iostream>
#include<thread>

using namespace std;
class Counter
{
	public:
		Counter(int id,int numIterations):mId(id),mNumIterations(numIterations)
		{
		}
		void operator()() const
		{
			for(int i=0;i<mNumIterations;++i)
			{
				cout<<"Counter "<<mId<<" has value "<<i<<endl;
			}
	    }
	protected:
		int mId;
		int mNumIterations;
};

int main()
{
	cout.sync_with_stdio(true);
	thread t1{Counter(1,20)};//1.C++11统一初始化语句 
	
	Counter c(2,12);//2.定义一个实例，然后传递给thread类的构造函数 
	thread t2(c);
	
	thread t3(Counter(3,10));//3.使用的圆括号 
	t1.join();
	t2.join();
	t3.join();
	return 0;
 }

3、通过lambda创建线程

#include<iostream>
#include<thread>

using namespace std;


int main()
{
	cout.sync_with_stdio(true);

	thread t1([](int id,int numIterations)
	          {
	          	for(int i=0;i<numIterations;++i)
	          	{
	          		cout<<"Counter "<<id<<" has value "<<i<<endl;
				  }
			  },1,5); 
	t1.join();
	return 0;
 }

4、通过成员函数创建线程

#include<iostream>
#include<thread>

using namespace std;


class Request
{
	public:
		Request(int id):mId(id){}
		void process()
		{
		 cout<<"Processing request "<<mId<<endl;	
	    }
	protected:
		int mId;
};

int main()
{
	cout.sync_with_stdio(true);
	Request req(100);
   thread t{&Request::process,&req};
	t.join();
	return 0; 
}