HINSTANCE HANDLE HWND 的区别及一般方法

HINSTANCE是应用程序实例句柄,

HWND是窗口对象句柄,

HANDLE是任意对象的句柄,

CWnd是MFC中的窗口类。



MSDN里面对于HINSTANCE的解释是"handle to an instance" 就是说是一个instance的句柄。而对instance的解释是"An object for which memory is allocated or which is persistent." 占有内存的一个对象。

对于HWND的解释是“Handle to a window.”而对window的解释是"In a graphical Windows-based application, a window is a rectangular area of the screen where the application displays output and receives input from the user. Therefore, one of the first tasks of a graphical Windows-based application is to create a window. " 就是说是屏幕上的一块区域。

CWnd是MFC的一个类了,它有窗体,几乎所有有图形显示的类都是从它派生的,它自己是从CCmdTarget类派生的,所以它可以接受消息。CCmdTarget类的爸爸可就是CObject了。

msdn对于Handle的解释是"Handle to an object." ,简直是废话。自己怎么解释自己呢。可是好像也只能如此了。我感觉句柄就可以理解为控制对象的一个…………东西吧。

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ID--HANDLE--HWND三者之间的互相转换
ID--HANDLE--HWND三者之间的互相转换
id->句柄-----------hWnd = ::GetDlgItem(hParentWnd,id);
id->指针-----------CWnd::GetDlgItem();
句柄->id-----------id = GetWindowLong(hWnd,GWL_ID);
句柄->指针--------CWnd *pWnd=CWnd::FromHandle(hWnd);
指针->ID----------id = GetWindowLong(pWnd->GetSafeHwnd,GWL_ID);
GetDlgCtrlID();
指针->句柄--------hWnd=cWnd.GetSafeHandle() or mywnd->m_hWnd;

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

应用程序的一些HANDLE

// 得到窗口句柄
HWDN parenthwnd = ::FindWindowEx(NULL, parenthwnd, "#32770", NULL);
// 得到此窗口的主线程ID
DWORD dwThreadId = ::GetWindowThreadProcessId(parenthwnd, 0);
// 得到当前进程的句柄
HANDLE hApp = GetModuleHandle(NULL);
#include <windows.h> class CWnd { public: BOOL CreateEx(DWORD dwExStyle, // extended window style LPCTSTR lpClassName, // registered class name LPCTSTR lpWindowName, // window name DWORD dwStyle, // window style int x, // horizontal position of window int y, // vertical position of window int nWidth, // window width int nHeight, // window height HWND hWndParent, // handle to parent or owner window HMENU hMenu, // menu handle or child identifier HINSTANCE hInstance, // handle to application instance LPVOID lpParam); // window-creation data BOOL ShowWindow(int nCmdShow); BOOL UpdateWindow(); public: HWND m_hWnd; }; BOOL CWnd::CreateEx(DWORD dwExStyle, // extended window style LPCTSTR lpClassName, // registered class name LPCTSTR lpWindowName, // window name DWORD dwStyle, // window style int x, // horizontal position of window int y, // vertical position of window int nWidth, // window width int nHeight, // window height HWND hWndParent, // handle to parent or owner window HMENU hMenu, // menu handle or child identifier HINSTANCE hInstance, // handle to application instance LPVOID lpParam) // window-creation data { m_hWnd=::CreateWindowEx(dwExStyle,lpClassName,lpWindowName,dwStyle, x,y,nWidth,nHeight,hWndParent,hMenu,hInstance,lpParam); if(m_hWnd!=NULL) return TRUE; else return FALSE; } BOOL CWnd::ShowWindow(int nCmdShow) { return ::ShowWindow(m_hWnd,nCmdShow); } BOOL CWnd::UpdateWindow() { return ::UpdateWindow(m_hWnd); } LRESULT CALLBACK MyWndProc( HWND hwnd, // handle to window UINT uMsg, // message identifier WPARAM wParam, // first message parameter LPARAM lParam // second message parameter ); int WINAPI WinMain( HINSTANCE hInstance, // handle to current instance HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, // handle to previous instance LPSTR lpCmdLine, // command line int nCmdShow // show state ) { WNDCLASS MyWnd; MyWnd.cbClsExtra = NULL; MyWnd.cbWndExtra = NULL; MyWnd.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH); MyWnd.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); MyWnd.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); MyWnd.hInstance = hInstance; MyWnd.lpfnWndProc = MyWndProc; MyWnd.lpszClassName = "Hello"; MyWnd.lpszMenuName = NULL; MyWnd.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; RegisterClass(&MyWnd); CWnd wnd; wnd.CreateEx(0,"Hello","CWnd", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT,CW_USEDEFAULT,CW_USEDEFAULT,CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL,NULL,hInstance,NULL); wnd.ShowWindow(SW_SHOWNORMAL); wnd.UpdateWindow(); MSG msg; while (GetMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0)) //?????????? { TranslateMessage(&msg); //???? //4.???? DispatchMessage(&msg); //??????????? } return 0; } LRESULT CALLBACK MyWndProc( HWND hwnd, // handle to window UINT uMsg, // message identifier WPARAM wParam, // first message parameter LPARAM lParam // second message parameter ) { switch (uMsg) { case WM_PAINT: { PAINTSTRUCT ps; HDC hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps); // 在窗口中心绘制"Hello, World!" RECT rect; GetClientRect(hwnd, &rect); const char* text = "Hello, World!"; DrawText( hdc,text, -1, &rect, DT_SINGLELINE | DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER ); EndPaint(hwnd, &ps); break; } case WM_MOUSEMOVE: if (wParam & MK_LBUTTON) // 左键拖拽时绘制 { // 记录轨迹点... InvalidateRect(hwnd, NULL, FALSE); } break; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage(0); break; default: return DefWindowProc(hwnd,uMsg,wParam,lParam); } return 0; } 拓展各种功能,尽可能多
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