The GNU configure and build system-configure的详细介绍

第一篇：The GNU configure and build system

Ian Lance Taylor

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---

• Introduction
  • Goals
  • Tools
  • History
  • Building
• Getting Started
  • Write configure.in
  • Write Makefile.am
  • Write acconfig.h
  • Generate files
  • Example
    • First Try
    • Second Try
    • Third Try
    • Generate Files
• Files
  • Developer Files
    • Developer Files Picture
    • Written Developer Files
    • Generated Developer Files
  • Build Files
    • Build Files Picture
    • Build Files Description
  • Support Files
• Configuration Names
  • Configuration Name Definition
  • Using Configuration Names
• Cross Compilation Tools
  • Cross Compilation Concepts
  • Host and Target
  • Using the Host Type
  • Specifying the Target
  • Using the Target Type
  • Cross Tools in the Cygnus Tree
    • Host and Target Libraries
    • Target Library Configure Scripts
    • Make Targets in Cygnus Tree
    • Target libiberty
• Canadian Cross
  • Canadian Cross Example
  • Canadian Cross Concepts
  • Build Cross Host Tools
  • Build and Host Options
  • Canadian Cross not in Cygnus Tree.
  • Canadian Cross in Cygnus Tree
    • Building a Normal Program
    • Building a Cross Program
  • Supporting Canadian Cross
    • Supporting Canadian Cross in Configure Scripts
    • Supporting Canadian Cross in Makefiles.
• Cygnus Configure
  • Cygnus Configure Basics
  • Cygnus Configure in C++ Libraries
• Multilibs
  • Multilibs in gcc
  • Multilibs in Target Libraries
• Frequently Asked Questions
• Index

---

This document was generated on 1 July 1998 using the texi2html translator version 1.52.

第二篇：Autoconf

www.delorie.com/gnu/docs/autoconf/autoconf_toc.html

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[Top]

[Contents]

[Index]

[ ? ]

---

Table of Contents

• 1. Introduction 
  2. The GNU Build System 
  
  • 2.1 Automake 
    2.2 Libtool 
    2.3 Pointers 
    
  3. Making configure Scripts 
  
  • 3.1 Writing `configure.ac' 
    
    • 3.1.1 A Shell Script Compiler 
      3.1.2 The Autoconf Language 
      3.1.3 Standard `configure.ac' Layout 
      
    3.2 Using autoscan to Create `configure.ac' 
    3.3 Using ifnames to List Conditionals 
    3.4 Using autoconf to Create configure 
    3.5 Using autoreconf to Update configure Scripts 
    
  4. Initialization and Output Files 
  
  • 4.1 Initializing configure 
    4.2 Notices in configure 
    4.3 Finding configure Input 
    4.4 Outputting Files 
    4.5 Performing Configuration Actions 
    4.6 Creating Configuration Files 
    4.7 Substitutions in Makefiles 
    
    • 4.7.1 Preset Output Variables 
      4.7.2 Installation Directory Variables 
      4.7.3 Build Directories 
      4.7.4 Automatic Remaking 
      
    4.8 Configuration Header Files 
    
    • 4.8.1 Configuration Header Templates 
      4.8.2 Using autoheader to Create `config.h.in' 
      4.8.3 Autoheader Macros 
      
    4.9 Running Arbitrary Configuration Commands 
    4.10 Creating Configuration Links 
    4.11 Configuring Other Packages in Subdirectories 
    4.12 Default Prefix 
    
  5. Existing Tests 
  
  • 5.1 Common Behavior 
    
    • 5.1.1 Standard Symbols 
      5.1.2 Default Includes 
      
    5.2 Alternative Programs 
    
    • 5.2.1 Particular Program Checks 
      5.2.2 Generic Program and File Checks 
      
    5.3 Files 
    5.4 Library Files 
    5.5 Library Functions 
    
    • 5.5.1 Portability of C Functions 
      5.5.2 Particular Function Checks 
      5.5.3 Generic Function Checks 
      
    5.6 Header Files 
    
    • 5.6.1 Portability of Headers 
      5.6.2 Particular Header Checks 
      5.6.3 Generic Header Checks 
      
    5.7 Declarations 
    
    • 5.7.1 Particular Declaration Checks 
      5.7.2 Generic Declaration Checks 
      
    5.8 Structures 
    
    • 5.8.1 Particular Structure Checks 
      5.8.2 Generic Structure Checks 
      
    5.9 Types 
    
    • 5.9.1 Particular Type Checks 
      5.9.2 Generic Type Checks 
      
    5.10 Compilers and Preprocessors 
    
    • 5.10.1 Specific Compiler Characteristics 
      5.10.2 Generic Compiler Characteristics 
      5.10.3 C Compiler Characteristics 
      5.10.4 C++ Compiler Characteristics 
      5.10.5 Fortran 77 Compiler Characteristics 
      
    5.11 System Services 
    5.12 UNIX Variants 
    
  6. Writing Tests 
  
  • 6.1 Language Choice 
    6.2 Writing Test Programs 
    
    • 6.2.1 Guidelines for Test Programs 
      6.2.2 Test Functions 
      6.2.3 Generating Sources 
      
    6.3 Running the Preprocessor 
    6.4 Running the Compiler 
    6.5 Running the Linker 
    6.6 Checking Run Time Behavior 
    6.7 Systemology 
    6.8 Multiple Cases 
    
  7. Results of Tests 
  
  • 7.1 Defining C Preprocessor Symbols 
    7.2 Setting Output Variables 
    7.3 Caching Results 
    
    • 7.3.1 Cache Variable Names 
      7.3.2 Cache Files 
      7.3.3 Cache Checkpointing 
      
    7.4 Printing Messages 
    
  8. Programming in M4 
  
  • 8.1 M4 Quotation 
    
    • 8.1.1 Active Characters 
      8.1.2 One Macro Call 
      8.1.3 Quotation and Nested Macros 
      8.1.4 changequote is Evil 
      8.1.5 Quadrigraphs 
      8.1.6 Quotation Rule Of Thumb 
      
    8.2 Using autom4te 
    
    • 8.2.1 Invoking autom4te 
      8.2.2 Customizing autom4te 
      
    8.3 Programming in M4sugar 
    
    • 8.3.1 Redefined M4 Macros 
      8.3.2 Evaluation Macros 
      8.3.3 Forbidden Patterns 
      
    8.4 Programming in M4sh 
    
  9. Writing Autoconf Macros 
  
  • 9.1 Macro Definitions 
    9.2 Macro Names 
    9.3 Reporting Messages 
    9.4 Dependencies Between Macros 
    
    • 9.4.1 Prerequisite Macros 
      9.4.2 Suggested Ordering 
      
    9.5 Obsoleting Macros 
    9.6 Coding Style 
    
  10. Portable Shell Programming 
  
  • 10.1 Shellology 
    10.2 Here-Documents 
    10.3 File Descriptors 
    10.4 File System Conventions 
    10.5 Shell Substitutions 
    10.6 Assignments 
    10.7 Special Shell Variables 
    10.8 Limitations of Shell Builtins 
    10.9 Limitations of Usual Tools 
    10.10 Limitations of Make 
    
  11. Manual Configuration 
  
  • 11.1 Specifying the System Type 
    11.2 Getting the Canonical System Type 
    11.3 Using the System Type 
    
  12. Site Configuration 
  
  • 12.1 Working With External Software 
    12.2 Choosing Package Options 
    12.3 Making Your Help Strings Look Pretty 
    12.4 Configuring Site Details 
    12.5 Transforming Program Names When Installing 
    
    • 12.5.1 Transformation Options 
      12.5.2 Transformation Examples 
      12.5.3 Transformation Rules 
      
    12.6 Setting Site Defaults 
    
  13. Running configure Scripts 
  
  • 13.1 Basic Installation 
    13.2 Compilers and Options 
    13.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures 
    13.4 Installation Names 
    13.5 Optional Features 
    13.6 Specifying the System Type 
    13.7 Sharing Defaults 
    13.8 Defining Variables 
    13.9 configure Invocation 
    
  14. Recreating a Configuration 
  15. Obsolete Constructs 
  
  • 15.1 Obsolete `config.status' Invocation 
    15.2 `acconfig.h' 
    15.3 Using autoupdate to Modernize `configure.ac' 
    15.4 Obsolete Macros 
    15.5 Upgrading From Version 1 
    
    • 15.5.1 Changed File Names 
      15.5.2 Changed Makefiles 
      15.5.3 Changed Macros 
      15.5.4 Changed Results 
      15.5.5 Changed Macro Writing 
      
    15.6 Upgrading From Version 2.13 
    
    • 15.6.1 Changed Quotation 
      15.6.2 New Macros 
      15.6.3 Hosts and Cross-Compilation 
      15.6.4 AC_LIBOBJ vs. LIBOBJS 
      15.6.5 AC_FOO_IFELSE vs. AC_TRY_FOO 
      
  16. Generating Test Suites with Autotest 
  
  • 16.1 Using an Autotest Test Suite 
    
    • 16.1.1 testsuite Scripts 
      16.1.2 Autotest Logs 
      
    16.2 Writing `testsuite.at' 
    16.3 Running testsuite Scripts 
    16.4 Making testsuite Scripts 
    
  17. Frequent Autoconf Questions, with answers 
  
  • 17.1 Distributing configure Scripts 
    17.2 Why Require GNU M4? 
    17.3 How Can I Bootstrap? 
    17.4 Why Not Imake? 
    17.5 How Do I #define Installation Directories? 
    17.6 What is `autom4te.cache'? 
    
  18. History of Autoconf 
  
  • 18.1 Genesis 
    18.2 Exodus 
    18.3 Leviticus 
    18.4 Numbers 
    18.5 Deuteronomy 
    
  A. Copying This Manual 
  
  • A.1 GNU Free Documentation License 
    
    • A.1.1 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents 
      
  B. Indices 
  
  • B.1 Environment Variable Index 
    B.2 Output Variable Index 
    B.3 Preprocessor Symbol Index 
    B.4 Autoconf Macro Index 
    B.5 M4 Macro Index 
    B.6 Autotest Macro Index 
    B.7 Program and Function Index 
    B.8 Concept Index 
    

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Copyright � 2003   by The Free Software Foundation	Updated Jun 2003

第3篇  automake automake

[Top]

[Contents]

[Index]

[ ? ]

---

Table of Contents

• 1. Introduction 
  2. General ideas 
  
  • 2.1 General Operation 
    2.2 Strictness 
    2.3 The Uniform Naming Scheme 
    2.4 How derived variables are named 
    2.5 Variables reserved for the user 
    2.6 Programs automake might require 
    
  3. Some example packages 
  
  • 3.1 A simple example, start to finish 
    3.2 A classic program 
    3.3 Building true and false 
    
  4. Creating a `Makefile.in' 
  5. Scanning `configure.in' 
  
  • 5.1 Configuration requirements 
    5.2 Other things Automake recognizes 
    5.3 Auto-generating aclocal.m4 
    5.4 aclocal options 
    5.5 Macro search path 
    
    • 5.5.1 Modifying the macro search path: --acdir 
      5.5.2 Modifying the macro search path: -I dir 
      5.5.3 Modifying the macro search path: `dirlist' 
      
    5.6 Autoconf macros supplied with Automake 
    
    • 5.6.1 Public macros 
      5.6.2 Private macros 
      
    5.7 Writing your own aclocal macros 
    
  6. The top-level `Makefile.am' 
  
  • 6.1 Recursing subdirectories 
    6.2 Conditional subdirectories 
    
    • 6.2.1 Conditional subdirectories with AM_CONDITIONAL 
      6.2.2 Conditional subdirectories with AC_SUBST 
      6.2.3 How DIST_SUBDIRS is used 
      
  7. An Alternative Approach to Subdirectories 
  8. Rebuilding Makefiles 
  9. Building Programs and Libraries 
  
  • 9.1 Building a program 
    
    • 9.1.1 Defining program sources 
      9.1.2 Linking the program 
      9.1.3 Conditional compilation of sources 
      
      • 9.1.3.1 Conditional compilation using _LDADD substitutions 
        9.1.3.2 Conditional compilation using Automake conditionals 
        
      9.1.4 Conditional compilation of programs 
      
    9.2 Building a library 
    9.3 Building a Shared Library 
    9.4 Program and Library Variables 
    9.5 Special handling for LIBOBJS and ALLOCA 
    9.6 Variables used when building a program 
    9.7 Yacc and Lex support 
    9.8 C++ Support 
    9.9 Assembly Support 
    9.10 Fortran 77 Support 
    
    • 9.10.1 Preprocessing Fortran 77 
      9.10.2 Compiling Fortran 77 Files 
      9.10.3 Mixing Fortran 77 With C and C++ 
      
      • 9.10.3.1 How the Linker is Chosen 
        
      9.10.4 Fortran 77 and Autoconf 
      
    9.11 Java Support 
    9.12 Support for Other Languages 
    9.13 Automatic de-ANSI-fication 
    9.14 Automatic dependency tracking 
    9.15 Support for executable extensions 
    
  10. Other Derived Objects 
  
  • 10.1 Executable Scripts 
    10.2 Header files 
    10.3 Architecture-independent data files 
    10.4 Built sources 
    
    • 10.4.1 Built sources example 
      First try 
      Using BUILT_SOURCES 
      Recording dependencies manually 
      Build `bindir.h' from `configure' 
      Build `bindir.c', not `bindir.h'. 
      Which is best? 
      
  11. Other GNU Tools 
  
  • 11.1 Emacs Lisp 
    11.2 Gettext 
    11.3 Libtool 
    11.4 Java 
    11.5 Python 
    
  12. Building documentation 
  
  • 12.1 Texinfo 
    12.2 Man pages 
    
  13. What Gets Installed 
  
  • 13.1 Basics of installation 
    13.2 The two parts of install 
    13.3 Extending installation 
    13.4 Staged installs 
    13.5 Rules for the user 
    
  14. What Gets Cleaned 
  15. What Goes in a Distribution 
  
  • 15.1 Basics of distribution 
    15.2 Fine-grained distribution control 
    15.3 The dist hook 
    15.4 Checking the distribution 
    15.5 The types of distributions 
    
  16. Support for test suites 
  
  • 16.1 Simple Tests 
    16.2 DejaGNU Tests 
    16.3 Install Tests 
    
  17. Changing Automake's Behavior 
  18. Miscellaneous Rules 
  
  • 18.1 Interfacing to etags 
    18.2 Handling new file extensions 
    18.3 Support for Multilibs 
    
  19. Include 
  20. Conditionals 
  21. The effect of --gnu and --gnits 
  22. The effect of --cygnus 
  23. When Automake Isn't Enough 
  24. Distributing `Makefile.in's 
  25. Automake API versioning 
  Macro and Variable Index 
  General Index 
  

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Copyright � 2003   by The Free Software Foundation	Updated Jun 2003

第4篇 弄懂autoscan, autoconf, automake, Makefile.am

弄懂autoscan, autoconf, automake, Makefile.am

发表于  2011 年 08 月 22 日  由  admin

之前一直把所有的h文件和c文件都放在同一个目录下，用的是通用Makefile，现在觉得需要现代化一点，于是进行了一些改造，分多个目录，多级目录，因此，学习一下autoscan，aclocal，autoconf，automake这些工具的使用。

本文不是讲解这些工具用法的，只是列出网上较好的文章。如果这些链接失效了，请通知我。

通用Makefile：http://bbs.chinaunix.net/viewthread.php?tid=909275&extra=&page=6

autoscan，autoconf，automake讲解，首先是这两篇文章，写的比较详细：

http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-makefile/

http://bbs.chinaunix.net/viewthread.php?tid=727270

然后，一个典型的实例，可以参考：

http://basiccoder.com/automake-introduction.html

最后，关于核心的Makefile.am，多级目录下Makefile.am的写法，可以参考这两篇文章：

http://bigwhite.blogbus.com/logs/80924710.html

http://jianlee.ylinux.org/Computer/C%E5%92%8CGNU%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/makefile-am.html

读懂这些，应该就足够了。总结一下，基本步骤如下：
1、autoscan ./
2、修改生成的configure.scan文件，增加AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE ，AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile])
3、aclocal
4、核心步骤：根据情况，编写Makefile.am
5、autoheader
6、touch NEWS README AUTHORS ChangeLog
7、automake -a
8、autoconf

注：运行autoscan时，会出现以下提示：

[shell]
autom4te: configure.ac: no such file or directory
autoscan: /usr/bin/autom4te failed with exit status: 1
[/shell]

这个提示不影响下面的步骤，因为configure.scan文件已经生成了。