mysql多表查询

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原创最新推荐文章于 2026-03-27 02:32:00 发布 335 阅读 AI 写同款· GEO 优化 ›

Mysql 多表查询详解纸上得来终觉浅 1.前言：上篇讲到Mysql中关键字执行的顺序，只涉及了一张表；实际应用大部分情况下，查询语句都会涉及到多张表格 : 1)多表连接有哪些分类； 2)针对这些分类有哪些连接方法？ 3)这些连接方法分别作用于哪些应用场景？这篇针对这三个点通过实例来讲述，目的是穷尽所有的场景和所有的方法，并且对每个方法的使用做实例。 2.假设有两张表格A和B，把表格当作一个集合，那么表格中阅读详情

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union, union all

-- 第一张表与第二张表纵向地合并，有去重的功能
MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from teachers
    -> union
    -> select stuid,name,age,gender from students;

MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from teachers union select * from teachers;

-- 纵向合并不去重
MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from teachers union all select * from teachers;

cross join

-- 交叉连接(横向笛卡尔)
MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from students cross join select * from teachers;

inner join

MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from students inner join teachers on students.teacherid=teachers.tid;
MariaDB [hellodb]> select s.stuid,s.name,s.age,t.tid,t.name,t.age from students s inner join teachers t on s.teacherid=t.tid;
MariaDB [hellodb]> select s.stuid,s.name,s.age,t.tid,t.name,t.age from students s,teachers t where s.teacherid=t.tid;
MariaDB [hellodb]> select s.stuid,s.name student_name,s.age student_age,t.tid,t.name teacher_name,t.age teacher_age from students s inner join teachers t on s.teacherid=t.tid and s.age > 30;

left [outer] join

-- 左边表全要，右边的表取left_name 与 right_name的交集 (left outer join)
MariaDB [hellodb]> select s.stuid,s.name,s.age,t.tid,t.name,t.age from students as s left join teachers as t on s.teacherid=t.tid;
MariaDB [hellodb]> select s.stuid,s.name,s.age,t.tid,t.name,t.age from students as s left outer join teachers as t on s.teacherid=t.tid;

right [outer] join

右边的表全要，左边的表取left_name与right_name的交集 (right outer join)

MariaDB [hellodb]> select s.stuid,s.name,s.age,s.teacherid,t.tid,t.name,t.age from students s right outer join teachers t on s.teacherid=t.tid;

A-(A与B的交集)
MariaDB [hellodb]> select s.stuid,s.name,s.age,s.teacherid,t.tid,t.name,t.age from students as s left outer join teachers as t on s.teacherid=t.tid where t.tid is null;

B-(A与B的交集)
MariaDB [hellodb]> select s.stuid,s.name,s.age,s.teacherid,t.tid,t.name,t.age from students s right outer join teachers t on s.teacherid=t.tid where s.teacherid is null;

A 并 B(full outer join)

MariaDB [hellodb]> select s.stuid,s.name,s.age,s.teacherid,t.tid,t.name,t.age from students s left outer join teachers t on s.teacherid=t.tid
    -> union
    -> select s.stuid,s.name,s.age,s.teacherid,t.tid,t.name,t.age from students s right outer join teachers t on s.teacherid=t.tid;

(A并B)-(A交B)
MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from (select s.stuid,s.name s_name,s.teacherid,t.tid,t.name t_name from students s left outer join teachers t on s.teacherid=t.tid union select s.stuid,s.name s_name,s.teacherid,t.tid,t.name t_name from students s right outer join teachers t on s.teacherid=t.tid) as a where a.teacherid is null or a.tid is null;

自连接

MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from emp;
+------+----------+--------+
| id   | name     | leader |
+------+----------+--------+
|    1 | zhangsan |   NULL |
|    2 | lisi     |      1 |
|    3 | wangwu   |      2 |
|    4 | zhaoliu  |      3 |
+------+----------+--------+

MariaDB [hellodb]> select e.name,l.name from emp e left outer join emp l on e.leader=l.id;
+----------+----------+
| name     | name     |
+----------+----------+
| lisi     | zhangsan |
| wangwu   | lisi     |
| zhaoliu  | wangwu   |
| zhangsan | NULL     |
+----------+----------+

三张表内连接

MariaDB [hellodb]> select  st.stuid,st.name,sc.courseid,co.course,sc.score from students st inner join scores sc on st.stuid=sc.stuid inner join courses co on co.courseid=sc.courseid;
+-------+-------------+----------+----------------+-------+
| stuid | name        | courseid | course         | score |
+-------+-------------+----------+----------------+-------+
|     1 | Shi Zhongyu |        2 | Kuihua Baodian |    77 |
|     1 | Shi Zhongyu |        6 | Weituo Zhang   |    93 |
|     2 | Shi Potian  |        2 | Kuihua Baodian |    47 |
|     2 | Shi Potian  |        5 | Daiyu Zanghua  |    97 |
|     3 | Xie Yanke   |        2 | Kuihua Baodian |    88 |
|     3 | Xie Yanke   |        6 | Weituo Zhang   |    75 |
|     4 | Ding Dian   |        5 | Daiyu Zanghua  |    71 |
|     4 | Ding Dian   |        2 | Kuihua Baodian |    89 |
|     5 | Yu Yutong   |        1 | Hamo Gong      |    39 |
|     5 | Yu Yutong   |        7 | Dagou Bangfa   |    63 |
|     6 | Shi Qing    |        1 | Hamo Gong      |    96 |
|     7 | Xi Ren      |        1 | Hamo Gong      |    86 |
|     7 | Xi Ren      |        7 | Dagou Bangfa   |    83 |
|     8 | Lin Daiyu   |        4 | Taiji Quan     |    57 |
|     8 | Lin Daiyu   |        3 | Jinshe Jianfa  |    93 |
+-------+-------------+----------+----------------+-------+

子查询

-- 大于平均年龄的学生信息
MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from students where age > (select avg(age) from students);

-- 将老师表的平均年龄的值赋给25号学生
MariaDB [hellodb]> update students set age=(select avg(age) from teachers) where stuid=25;