解决VisualStudio找不到对nunit.framework.dll的引用

本文介绍了在不同用户账户下,Visual Studio 2008工程对nunit.framework.dll引用出现问题的解决方案。通过分析msbuild的日志文件,发现问题在于HKEY_CURRENT_USERSoftwareMicrosoft.NetFramework3.5AssemblyFoldersEx注册表项缺失。解决方法是将能正常构建的用户账户下的相应注册表项导出,并在问题账户下导入,从而修复引用问题。
【问题描述】
    我有一个VisualStudio 2008的工程,它引用了Assembly nunit. framework.dll,以便进行单元测试。 当我用一个帐号登录机器,用VS20008打开这个工程, 在工程的References下面能够找到, VS能够找到对nunit.framework.dll的引用。 但是,当我用另外一个帐号登录机器是, 再用VS20008打开这个工程, 在工程的References下面的nunit. framework前面出现了一个黄色的惊叹号, 它表示VS没有找到对nunit.framework. dll的引用。这是为什么呢?

【问题解决】
1. 首先要弄清楚VS是如何去查找应用的Assembly的。
    VS在build工程的时候,是调用msbuild来完成的。 所以, VS查找Assembly的方法与msbuild查找的方法是一 样的。这样, 我们通过直接调用msbuild来build这个工程, 然后分析日志文件就能找到原因。在这里, 我们需要使用到msbuild的一个参数:/ verbosity:level(见参考1)。 level包含这几种:q[uiet], m[inimal], n[ormal], d[etailed], and diag[nostic]。这里我们需要使用到最后一种, 也是给出信息最多的一种,它是 diag[nostic]。 例如:
                               c:\temp> msbuild /verbosity:diag test.csproj >output.log
运行完这条命令,会在c:\temp下生成output. log。分析这个文件, 我们就能够知道VS到底会在哪些目录下查找nunit. framework.dll。

     以下是我给出的两份output. log文件中有关查找nunit.framework. dll的部分:
     1)build成功的output.log
      Primary reference "nunit.framework, Version=2.6.1.12217, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken= 96d09a1eb7f44a77". (TaskId:89)
      Resolved file path is "C:\Program Files (x86)\NUnit 2.6.1\bin\framework\nunit. framework.dll". (TaskId:89)
      Reference found at search path location "{Registry:Software\Microsoft\ .NetFramework,v3.5, AssemblyFoldersEx}". (TaskId:89)
          For SearchPath "{CandidateAssemblyFiles}". (TaskId:89)
          ......
          For SearchPath "{TargetFrameworkDirectory}". (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\ Framework\v3.5\nunit. framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\ Framework\v3.5\nunit. framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\ Framework\v3.0\nunit. framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\ Framework\v3.0\nunit. framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\ Framework\v3.5\nunit. framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\ Framework\v3.5\nunit. framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\ Framework\v3.0\nunit. framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\ Framework\v3.0\nunit. framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\ Framework\v2.0.50727\nunit. framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\ Framework\v2.0.50727\nunit. framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
           For SearchPath "{Registry:Software\Microsoft\.NetFramework,v3.5,AssemblyFoldersEx}". (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\NUnit 2.6.1\bin\framework\nunit. framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
      Found related file "C:\Program Files (x86)\NUnit 2.6.1\bin\framework\nunit. framework.xml". (TaskId:89)

     2)build失败的output.log
 Primary reference "nunit.framework, Version=2.6.1.12217, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken= 96d09a1eb7f44a77, processorArchitecture=MSIL". (TaskId:89)
C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\ Framework\v3.5\Microsoft. Common.targets : warning MSB3245: Could not resolve this reference. Could not locate the assembly "nunit.framework, Version=2.6.1.12217, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken= 96d09a1eb7f44a77, processorArchitecture=MSIL". Check to make sure the assembly exists on disk. If this reference is required by your code, you may get compilation errors.
          For SearchPath "{CandidateAssemblyFiles}". (TaskId:89)
          ......
          For SearchPath "{TargetFrameworkDirectory}". (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\ Framework\v3.5\nunit. framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\ Framework\v3.5\nunit. framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\ Framework\v3.0\nunit. framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\ Framework\v3.0\nunit. framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\ Framework\v3.5\nunit. framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\ Framework\v3.5\nunit. framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\ Framework\v3.0\nunit. framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\ Framework\v3.0\nunit. framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\ Framework\v2.0.50727\nunit. framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\ Framework\v2.0.50727\nunit. framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
           For SearchPath "{Registry:Software\Microsoft\.NetFramework,v3.5,AssemblyFoldersEx}". (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Business Objects\Common\2.8\managed\ nunit.framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Business Objects\Common\2.8\managed\ nunit.framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\Visual Studio Tools for Office\PIA\Office11\nunit. framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\Visual Studio Tools for Office\PIA\Office11\nunit. framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\Visual Studio Tools for Office\PIA\Office12\nunit. framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\Visual Studio Tools for Office\PIA\Office12\nunit. framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft.NET\Primary Interop Assemblies\nunit.framework. exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft.NET\Primary Interop Assemblies\nunit.framework. dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\MSEnv\PublicAssemblies\ nunit.framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\MSEnv\PublicAssemblies\ nunit.framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\Common7\IDE\ PublicAssemblies\nunit. framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\Common7\IDE\ PublicAssemblies\nunit. framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\ReportViewer\nunit. framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\ReportViewer\nunit. framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Visual Basic Power Packs\1.1\nunit.framework.exe" , but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Visual Basic Power Packs\1.1\nunit.framework.dll" , but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\VSTA\v9. 0\nunit.framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\VSTA\v9. 0\nunit.framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\VSTO\v8. 0\nunit.framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\VSTO\v8. 0\nunit.framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\VSTO\v9. 0\nunit.framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\VSTO\v9. 0\nunit.framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          For SearchPath "{AssemblyFolders}". (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\ Framework\v3.0\nunit. framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\ Framework\v3.0\nunit. framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "c:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\90\SDK\Assemblies\ nunit.framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "c:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\90\SDK\Assemblies\ nunit.framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server Compact Edition\v3.5\Desktop\nunit. framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server Compact Edition\v3.5\Desktop\nunit. framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\ Framework\v3.5\nunit. framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\ Framework\v3.5\nunit. framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "c:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft.NET\ ADOMD.NET\ 90\nunit.framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "c:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft.NET\ ADOMD.NET\ 90\nunit.framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Synchronization Services\ ADO.NET\v1.0\nunit. framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Synchronization Services\ ADO.NET\v1.0\nunit. framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          For SearchPath "{GAC}". (TaskId:89)
          Considered "nunit.framework, Version=2.6.1.12217, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken= 96d09a1eb7f44a77, processorArchitecture=MSIL", which was not found in the GAC. (TaskId:89)
          For SearchPath "{RawFileName}". (TaskId:89)
          Considered treating "nunit.framework, Version=2.6.1.12217, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken= 96d09a1eb7f44a77, processorArchitecture=MSIL" as a file name, but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          For SearchPath "bin\Debug\". (TaskId:89)
          Considered "bin\Debug\nunit.framework. exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
          Considered "bin\Debug\nunit.framework. dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)

      对比这两份日志文件,我们可以发现, VS会去注册表Software\Microsoft\. NetFramework,v3.5, AssemblyFoldersEx下面查找nunit. framework。一种登录情况能找到, 另外一种登录情况下找不到,由此可以断定这应该是与HKEY_ CURRENT_USER有关。 因此我们可以推断出的完整注册表项是:HKEY_ CURRENT_USER\Software\ Microsoft\.NetFramework\3.5\ AssemblyFoldersEx。果然,我发现, 在能成功build的登录方式下, 可以看到这个注册表项有默认值C:\Program Files (x86)\NUnit 2.6.1\bin\framework\; 而在另一种登录方式下去找不到这个注册表项。

2. 解决办法
    通过上述的分析,解决办法就很简单了, 只要把这个缺失的注册表项填上就可以了。具体步骤如下:
    1)用能够build成功的帐号登录, 打开注册表编辑器regedit.exe, 找到注册表项HKEY_CURRENT_USER\ Software\Microsoft\. NetFramework\3.5\ AssemblyFoldersEx,右键该项, 在弹出菜单中选择export命令。
    2)然后在用build失败的帐号登录, 找到第一步中export出来的文件,右键它, 在弹出菜单中选择merge命令就可以了。

【总结】
    这里给出的使用msbuild /verbosity: diag来查找问题的方法很有用, 它不仅解决有关references的问题, 还可以用来查找很多其它的有关build的问题。
    

参考资料:
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