【问题描述】
我有一个VisualStudio 2008的工程,它引用了Assembly nunit.
framework.dll,以便进行单元测试。
当我用一个帐号登录机器,用VS20008打开这个工程,
在工程的References下面能够找到,
VS能够找到对nunit.framework.dll的引用。
但是,当我用另外一个帐号登录机器是,
再用VS20008打开这个工程,
在工程的References下面的nunit.
framework前面出现了一个黄色的惊叹号,
它表示VS没有找到对nunit.framework.
dll的引用。这是为什么呢?
【问题解决】
1. 首先要弄清楚VS是如何去查找应用的Assembly的。
VS在build工程的时候,是调用msbuild来完成的。
所以,
VS查找Assembly的方法与msbuild查找的方法是一
样的。这样,
我们通过直接调用msbuild来build这个工程,
然后分析日志文件就能找到原因。在这里,
我们需要使用到msbuild的一个参数:/
verbosity:level(见参考1)。
level包含这几种:q[uiet], m[inimal], n[ormal], d[etailed], and diag[nostic]。这里我们需要使用到最后一种,
也是给出信息最多的一种,它是 diag[nostic]。
例如:
c:\temp> msbuild /verbosity:diag test.csproj >output.log
运行完这条命令,会在c:\temp下生成output.
log。分析这个文件,
我们就能够知道VS到底会在哪些目录下查找nunit.
framework.dll。
以下是我给出的两份output.
log文件中有关查找nunit.framework.
dll的部分:
1)build成功的output.log
Primary reference "nunit.framework, Version=2.6.1.12217, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=
96d09a1eb7f44a77". (TaskId:89)
Resolved file path is "C:\Program Files (x86)\NUnit 2.6.1\bin\framework\nunit.
framework.dll". (TaskId:89)
Reference found at search path location "{Registry:Software\Microsoft\
.NetFramework,v3.5,
AssemblyFoldersEx}". (TaskId:89)
For SearchPath "{CandidateAssemblyFiles}". (TaskId:89)
......
For SearchPath "{TargetFrameworkDirectory}". (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\
Framework\v3.5\nunit.
framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\
Framework\v3.5\nunit.
framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\
Framework\v3.0\nunit.
framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\
Framework\v3.0\nunit.
framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\
Framework\v3.5\nunit.
framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\
Framework\v3.5\nunit.
framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\
Framework\v3.0\nunit.
framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\
Framework\v3.0\nunit.
framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\
Framework\v2.0.50727\nunit.
framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\
Framework\v2.0.50727\nunit.
framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
For SearchPath "{Registry:Software\Microsoft\ .NetFramework,v3.5, AssemblyFoldersEx}". (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\NUnit 2.6.1\bin\framework\nunit.
framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Found related file "C:\Program Files (x86)\NUnit 2.6.1\bin\framework\nunit.
framework.xml". (TaskId:89)
2)build失败的output.log
Primary reference "nunit.framework, Version=2.6.1.12217, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=
96d09a1eb7f44a77, processorArchitecture=MSIL". (TaskId:89)
C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\
Framework\v3.5\Microsoft.
Common.targets : warning MSB3245: Could not resolve this reference. Could not locate the assembly "nunit.framework, Version=2.6.1.12217, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=
96d09a1eb7f44a77, processorArchitecture=MSIL". Check to make sure the assembly exists on disk. If this reference is required by your code, you may get compilation errors.
For SearchPath "{CandidateAssemblyFiles}". (TaskId:89)
......
For SearchPath "{TargetFrameworkDirectory}". (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\
Framework\v3.5\nunit.
framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\
Framework\v3.5\nunit.
framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\
Framework\v3.0\nunit.
framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\
Framework\v3.0\nunit.
framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\
Framework\v3.5\nunit.
framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\
Framework\v3.5\nunit.
framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\
Framework\v3.0\nunit.
framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\
Framework\v3.0\nunit.
framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\
Framework\v2.0.50727\nunit.
framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\
Framework\v2.0.50727\nunit.
framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
For SearchPath "{Registry:Software\Microsoft\ .NetFramework,v3.5, AssemblyFoldersEx}". (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Business Objects\Common\2.8\managed\
nunit.framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Business Objects\Common\2.8\managed\
nunit.framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\Visual Studio Tools for Office\PIA\Office11\nunit.
framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\Visual Studio Tools for Office\PIA\Office11\nunit.
framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\Visual Studio Tools for Office\PIA\Office12\nunit.
framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\Visual Studio Tools for Office\PIA\Office12\nunit.
framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft.NET\Primary Interop Assemblies\nunit.framework.
exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft.NET\Primary Interop Assemblies\nunit.framework.
dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\MSEnv\PublicAssemblies\
nunit.framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\MSEnv\PublicAssemblies\
nunit.framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\Common7\IDE\
PublicAssemblies\nunit.
framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\Common7\IDE\
PublicAssemblies\nunit.
framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\ReportViewer\nunit.
framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\ReportViewer\nunit.
framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Visual Basic Power Packs\1.1\nunit.framework.exe"
, but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Visual Basic Power Packs\1.1\nunit.framework.dll"
, but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\VSTA\v9.
0\nunit.framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\VSTA\v9.
0\nunit.framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\VSTO\v8.
0\nunit.framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\VSTO\v8.
0\nunit.framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\VSTO\v9.
0\nunit.framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\VSTO\v9.
0\nunit.framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
For SearchPath "{AssemblyFolders}". (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\
Framework\v3.0\nunit.
framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\
Framework\v3.0\nunit.
framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "c:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\90\SDK\Assemblies\
nunit.framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "c:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\90\SDK\Assemblies\
nunit.framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server Compact Edition\v3.5\Desktop\nunit.
framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server Compact Edition\v3.5\Desktop\nunit.
framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\
Framework\v3.5\nunit.
framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\
Framework\v3.5\nunit.
framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "c:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft.NET\
ADOMD.NET\
90\nunit.framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "c:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft.NET\
ADOMD.NET\
90\nunit.framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Synchronization Services\
ADO.NET\v1.0\nunit.
framework.exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Synchronization Services\
ADO.NET\v1.0\nunit.
framework.dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
For SearchPath "{GAC}". (TaskId:89)
Considered "nunit.framework, Version=2.6.1.12217, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=
96d09a1eb7f44a77, processorArchitecture=MSIL", which was not found in the GAC. (TaskId:89)
For SearchPath "{RawFileName}". (TaskId:89)
Considered treating "nunit.framework, Version=2.6.1.12217, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=
96d09a1eb7f44a77, processorArchitecture=MSIL" as a file name, but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
For SearchPath "bin\Debug\". (TaskId:89)
Considered "bin\Debug\nunit.framework.
exe", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
Considered "bin\Debug\nunit.framework.
dll", but it didn't exist. (TaskId:89)
对比这两份日志文件,我们可以发现,
VS会去注册表Software\Microsoft\.
NetFramework,v3.5,
AssemblyFoldersEx下面查找nunit.
framework。一种登录情况能找到,
另外一种登录情况下找不到,由此可以断定这应该是与HKEY_
CURRENT_USER有关。
因此我们可以推断出的完整注册表项是:HKEY_
CURRENT_USER\Software\
Microsoft\.NetFramework\3.5\
AssemblyFoldersEx。果然,我发现,
在能成功build的登录方式下,
可以看到这个注册表项有默认值C:\Program Files (x86)\NUnit 2.6.1\bin\framework\;
而在另一种登录方式下去找不到这个注册表项。
2. 解决办法
通过上述的分析,解决办法就很简单了,
只要把这个缺失的注册表项填上就可以了。具体步骤如下:
1)用能够build成功的帐号登录,
打开注册表编辑器regedit.exe,
找到注册表项HKEY_CURRENT_USER\
Software\Microsoft\.
NetFramework\3.5\
AssemblyFoldersEx,右键该项,
在弹出菜单中选择export命令。
2)然后在用build失败的帐号登录,
找到第一步中export出来的文件,右键它,
在弹出菜单中选择merge命令就可以了。
【总结】
这里给出的使用msbuild /verbosity:
diag来查找问题的方法很有用,
它不仅解决有关references的问题,
还可以用来查找很多其它的有关build的问题。
参考资料:

本文介绍了在不同用户账户下,Visual Studio 2008工程对nunit.framework.dll引用出现问题的解决方案。通过分析msbuild的日志文件,发现问题在于HKEY_CURRENT_USERSoftwareMicrosoft.NetFramework3.5AssemblyFoldersEx注册表项缺失。解决方法是将能正常构建的用户账户下的相应注册表项导出,并在问题账户下导入,从而修复引用问题。

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