2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业学位联考英语（二）试题-解析版

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2017 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试

英语(二) (科目代码：204) 考生注意事项

1. 答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生姓名和考生编号；在答题卡指定 位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。
2. 考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。
3. 选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。
4. 填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔或者钢笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。
5. 考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。

Section I Use of English

Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different, with academics,writers,and activists once again （1） that technology is replacing human workers.Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by （2） :A few wealthy people will own all the capital,and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland. A different and not mutually exclusive （3） holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort,one （4） by purposelessness:Without jobs to give their lives （5） ,people
will simply become lazy and depressed. （6） ,today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time.One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression,double the rate for （7） Americans.Also,some
research suggests that the （8） for rising rates of mortality,mental-health problems,and addiction （9） poorly-educated,middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs.Perhaps this is why many （10） the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.
But it doesn’t （11）follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease.Such visions are based on the （12） of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment.In the （13） of work,a society designed with other ends in
mind could （14） strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today,the （15） of work may be a bit overblown.“Many jobs are boring,degrading, unhealthy,and a waste of human potential,”says John Danaher,a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.
These days,because leisure time is relatively （16） for most workers,people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional （17） of their jobs.“When I come home from a hard day’s work,I often feel （18） ,"Danaher says,adding,“In a world in
which I don’t have to work,I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself （19） a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for （20）matters.

1. [A]boasting [B]denying [C]warning [D]ensuring
2. [A]inequality [B]instability [C]unreliability [D]uncertainty
3. [A]policy [B]guideline [C]resolution [D]prediction
4. [A]characterized [B]divided [C]balanced [D]measured
5. [A]wisdom [B]meaning [C]glory [D]freedom
6. [A]Instead [B]Indeed [C]Thus [D]Nevertheless
7. [A]rich [B]urban [C]working [D]educated
8. [A]explanation [B]requirement [C]compensation [D]substitute
9. [A]under [B]beyond [C]alongside [D]among
10. [A]leave behind [B]make up [C]worry about [D]set aside
11. [A]statistically [B]occasionally [C]necessarily [D]economically
12. [A]chances [B]downsides [C]benefits [D]principles
13. [A]absence [B]height [C]face [D]course
14. [A]disturb [B]restore [C]exclude [D]yield
15. [A]model [B]practice [C]virtue [D]hardship
16. [A]tricky [B]lengthy [C]mysterious [D]scarce
17. [A]demands [B]standards [C]qualities [D]threats
18. [A]ignored [B]tired [C]confused [D]starved
19. [A]off [B]against [C]behind [D]into
20. [A]technological [B]professional [C]educational [D]interpersonal

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Text 1

  Every Saturday morning,at 9 am,more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park.The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad.Events are free,staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents;their times range from Andrew Baddeley’s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.
  Parkrun is succeeding where London’s Olympic “legacy"is failing.Ten years ago on Monday,it was announced that the Games of the 30 Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to lever a nation of sport lovers away from their couches.The population would be fitter,healthier and produce more winners.It has not happened.The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise,by nearly 2 million in the run-up to 2012—but the general population was growing faster.
  Worse,the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate.The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved.Obesity has risen among adults and children.Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation.”The success of Parkrun offers answers.
  Parkrun is not a race but a time trial:Your only competitor is the clock.The ethos welcomes anybody.There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining.The Olympic bidders,by contrast,wanted to get more people doing sport and to produce more elite athletes.The dual aim was mixed up:The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.
  Indeed,there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally“grassroots”.concept as community sports associations.If there is a role for government,it should really be getting involved in providing common goods—making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts,and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools.But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces,squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education.Instead of wordy,worthy strategies,future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive.Or at least not make them worse.

21. According to Paragraph 1,Parkrunhas ______
    [A]gained great popularity
    [B]created many jobs
    [C]strengthened community ties
    [D]become an official festival
22. The author believes that London’s Olympic“legacy"has failed to ______
    [A]boost population growth
    [B]promote sport participation
    [C]improve the city’s image
    [D]increase sport hours in schools
23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it ______
    [A]aims at discovering talents
    [B]focuses on mass competition
    [C]does not emphasize elitism
    [D]does not attract first-timers
24. With regard to mass sports,the author holds that governments should ______
    [A]organize"grassroots"sports events
    [B]supervise local sports associations
    [C]increase funds for sports clubs
    [D]invest in public sports facilities
25. The author’s attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is ______
    [A]tolerant
    [B]critical
    [C]uncertain
    [D]sympathetic

Text 2

  With so much focus on children’s use of screens,it’s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use."Tech is designed to really suck you in,“says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play,“and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement.It makes it hard to disengage,and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”
  Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother- child pairs a food-testing exercise.She found that mothers who used devices during the exercise started 20 per cent fewer verbal and 39 per cent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children.During a separate observation,she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family.Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.
  Infants are wired to look at parents’faces to try to understand their world,and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device—it can be extremely disconcerting for the children.Radesky cites the“still face experiment”devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s.In it,a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback:The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention."Parents don’t have to be exquisitely present at all times,but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,"says Radesky.
  On the other hand,Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids’use of screens are born out of an“oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting"with their children:"It’s based on a somewhat fantasised,very white,very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.”Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it—particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower,do housework or simply have a break from their child.Parents,he says,can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way.This can make them feel happier,which lets them be more available to their child the rest of the time.

26. According to Jenny Radesky,digital products are designed to ______
    [A]simplify routine matters
    [B]absorb user attention
    [C]better interpersonal relations
    [D]increase work efficiency
27. Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’use of devices ______
    [A]takes away babies’appetite
    [B]distracts children’s attention
    [C]slows down babies’verbal development
    [D]reduces mother-child communication
28. Radesky cites the"still face experiment"to show that ______
    [A]it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions
    [B]verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange [C]children are insensitive to changes in their parents’mood [D]parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs
29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to ________
    [A]protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies
    [B]teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year
    [C]ensure constant interaction with their children
    [D]remain concerned about kids’use of screens
30. According to Tronick,kids’use of screens may ______
    [A]give their parents some free time
    [B]make their parents more creative
    [C]help them with their homework
    [D]help them become more attentive

Text 3

  Today,widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year.After all,if everyone you know is going to college in the fall,it seems silly to stay back a year,doesn’t it?And after going to school for 12 years,it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic.
  But while this may be true,it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years.There’s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated“race to the finish line,"whether that be toward graduate school,medical school or a lucrative career.But despite common misconceptions,a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits—in fact,it probably enhances it.
  Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not.Rather than pulling students back,a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes—all things that first-year students often struggle with the most.Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment,making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.
  If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests,then consider its financial impact on future academic choices.According to the National Center for Education Statistics,nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once.This isn’t surprising,considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of the vast academic possibilities that await them in college.Many students find themselves listing one major on their college applications,but switching to another after taking college classes.It’s not necessarily a bad thing,but depending on the school,it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game.At Boston College,for example,you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department.Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.

31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap vear is that
    [A]they think it academically misleading
    [B]they have a lot of fun to expect in college
    [C]it feels strange to do differently from others
    [D]it seems worthless to take off-campus courses
32. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps
    [A]keep students from being unrealistic
    [B]lower risks in choosing careers
    [C]ease freshmen’s financial burdens
    [D]relieve freshmen of pressures
33. The word"acclimation"(Para.3)is closest in meaning to
    [A]adaptation [B]application [C]motivation [D]competition
34. A gap year may save money for students by helping them
    [A]avoid academic failures [B]establish long-term goals [C]switch to another college [D]decide on the right major
35. The most suitable title for this text would be
    [A]In Favor of the Gap Year
    [B]The ABCs of the Gap Year
    [C]The Gap Year Comes Back
    [D]The Gap Year:A Dilemma

Text 4

  Though often viewed as a problem for western states,the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars,says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.
  In 2015,the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires—nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago.In effect,fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency’s other work—such as forest conservation,watershed and cultural resources management,and infrastructure upkeep—that affect the lives of all Americans.
  Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts.As Moritz puts it,how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?
  "It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,“he says.“We need to take a magnifying glass to that.Like,'Wait a minute,is this OK?'Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”
  Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire, researchers say.
  For one thing,conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive.Over the past decade,the focus has been on climate change-how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.
  While climate is a key element,Moritz says,it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.
  “The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked,and the interactions go both ways,“he says.Failing to recognize that,he notes,leads to“an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be.Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”
  At the same time,people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity,says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado.But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws,policies,and practices that make it as safe as possible,she says.
  “We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,”Balch says.”It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”

36. More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015 they _____
    [A]exhausted unprecedented management efforts
    [B]consumed a record-high percentage of budget
    [C]severely damaged the ecology of western states
    [D]caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure
37. Moritz calls for the use of"a magnifying glass"to _____
    [A]raise more funds for fire-prone areas
    [B]avoid the redirection of federal money
    [C]find wildfire-free parts of the landscape
    [D]guarantee safer spending of public funds
38. While admitting that climate is a key element,Moritz notes that _____
    [A]public debates have not settled yet
    [B]fire-fighting conditions are improving
    [C]other factors should not be overlooked
    [D]a shift in the view of fire has taken place
39. The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to _____
    [A]discover the fundamental makeup of nature
    [B]explore the mechanism of the human systems
    [C]maximize the role of landscape in human life
    [D]understand the interrelations of man and nature
40. Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should _____
    [A]do away with
    [B]come to terms with
    [C]pay a price for
    [D]keep away from

Part B

Directions:
Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column.There are two extra choices in the right column.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

  The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain,particularly from Donald Trump.“We don’t make anything anymore,”he told Fox News,while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.
  Without question,manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades,and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.
  But there is also a different way to look at the data.
  Across the country,factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge:Instead of having too many workers,they may end up with too few.Despite trade competition and outsourcing,American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every year.Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place.Other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.
  For factory owners,it all adds up to stiff competition for workers—and upward pressure on wages."They’re harder to find and they have job offers,"says Jay Dunwell,president of Wolverine Coil Spring,a family-owned firm,“They may be coming [into the workforce],but they’ve been plucked by other industries that are also doing as well as manufacturing,"Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.
  At RoMan Manufacturing,a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980,Robert Roth keeps a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers.Five are retiring this year.Mr.Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program,with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two years.
  At a worktable inside the transformerplant,young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he’s trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors.It’s his first week on the job.Asked about his choice of career,he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering."I love working with tools.I love creating."he says.
  But to win over these young workers,manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle: parents,who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression, telling them to avoid the factory.Millennials “remember their father and mother both were laid off.They blame it on the manufacturing recession,"says Birgit Klohs,chief executive of The Right Place,a business development agency for western Michigan.
  These concerns aren’t misplaced:Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2015.When the recovery began,worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades.Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels.
  "The gap is between the jobs that take no skills and those that require a lot of skill,"says Rob Spohr,a business professor at Montcalm Community College.“There’re enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don’t need to have much skill.It’s that gap in between,and that’s where the problem is.”
  Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community College points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing:a work/life balance.While their parents were content to work long hours,young people value flexibility.“Overtime is not attractive to this generation.
  They really want to live their lives,"she says.

Section III Translation

46.Directions:
Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)

  My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing.Two years before graduating from secondary school,I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course.However,during that course I realised that I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future,so I decided that it was not the right path for me.Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism,because writing was,and still is,one of my favourite activities.But,to be honest,I said it,because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream—I knew that no one could imagine me in the fashion industry at all! So I decided to look for some fashion-related courses that included writing.This is when I noticed the course"Fashion Media &.Promotion".

Section IV Writing

Part A

47. Directions：

Suppose you are invited by Professor Williams to give a presentation about Chinese culture to a group of international students.Write a reply to
  （1）accept the invitation,and
  （2）introduce the key points of your presentation.
  You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
  Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use “Zhang Wei” instead.
  Do not write the address.(10 points)

Part B

48. Directions：
  Write an essay based on the following chart.In your writing,you should
  1）interpret the chart and
  2）give your comments.
  You should write at least 150 words.
  Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15 points)

答案

Section I use of English

  有关没有工作的未来人们已经推测了几个世纪。时至今日亦是如此，学者，作家和活跃分 子再次(1)警告说，技术正在取代人工。有些人认为未来无工作的世界内涵在于(2)不平等：少 数富人将拥有所有的资本，人民群众将在贫困的荒地上挣扎过活。
  另一种有所不同但并不相悖的(3)预测认为，未来的世界将呈现另一种荒漠，其(4)特点是 漫无目标：没有工作来赋予生活(5)意义，人们会变得懒惰而沮丧。(6)的 确，如今的失业者似乎 看起来并没有过得很好。 一项盖洛普民意调查发现，在失业至少一年的美国人中，20%的人表 示自己患有抑郁症，是美国有(7)工作人数的两倍。此外，一些研究表明，(9)在受教育程度较低 的中年人中死亡率上升，以及患心理问题和染上毒瘾的比例升高都可以(8)归因于高薪工作短 缺。也许这就是为什么许多人(10)担心不用工作的未来会痛苦无聊。
  但发现并(11)不一 定意味着不用工作的世界会充满不安。我们现在的社会是建立在就业 观念之上的，这些设想都是基于此条件下失业的(12)不利方面建立的。在一个(13)没 有工作， 脑子里想着其他目标的社会可能会对未来的劳动和娱乐方式(14)带 来完全不同的情况。今天， 工作的(15)优点可能有点言过其实了。“许多工作都是无聊的，有辱人格的，不利健康并且是在 浪费人类潜力，”戈尔韦市的爱尔兰国立大学讲师约翰 ·丹纳赫说。
  目前，因为大多数上班族的闲暇时间相对(16)稀缺，人们会利用空余时间来平衡工作中的 脑力及情绪(17)需 求。 “当我辛苦工作一天回家时，我经常感到(18)疲 倦，“丹纳赫补充说，“如 果在一个我不必工作的世界里，我的感觉可能会截然不同” 也许这种不同，足以使他能以与 (20) 职业相当的专注度(19)投身于某种爱好或感兴趣的研究当中。

1. 答案 C
   考查语义理解。空格处应填入现在分词，充当类似谓语动词的作用，表明逻辑主语和宾语之 间的逻辑关系。空格之后的宾语从句部分technology is replacing human workers(技术正 在取代人工)说明，该句说的是技术的负面影响，故答案选[C] 项 warning“警告，提醒”。
2. 答案 A
   考查语义理解。空格处应填入名词，构成词组 be defined by sth.意为“被……所定义”,空格 后面的句子指出，“少数富人将拥有所有的资本，人民群众将在贫困的荒地上挣扎过活”,提 到了贫富对比，说明贫富之间的不平等，故答案选[A] 项 inequality“不平等，不公平”。
3. 答案 D
   考查时态判断。空格之后为定语从句holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, 且该定语从句是对空格处的修饰与说明，空格后出现了will 这一表示将来时态的助动 词，说明上文所提内容是对未来的设想和预测，故答案选[D] 项 prediction “预测”。
4. 答案 A
   考查固定搭配。空格处应填入过去分词，作后置定语，修饰one 。根据句意：未来的世界将呈 现另一种荒漠，其 是漫无目标。one characterized by purposelessness为固定搭配，意 为“其特点是无目的”,这里指这种荒漠的“特点”是漫无目标，故答案选[A] 项。
5. 答案 B
   考查语义关系。空格所在句后面的表述与空格前的内容属于并列关系，由逗号连接，根据句 意：没有工作来赋予生活 ,人们就会变得懒惰而沮丧。空格处应填入名词，说明工作 原本可以赋予生活什么,故答案选[B] 项meaning“目的，意义”。
6. 答案 B
   考查语义逻辑。空格处应填入副词，表明空格所在句与上一句的语义逻辑关系。上一句指 出了没有工作对人的负面影响。本句则说“ ,如今的失业者似乎看起来并没有过得很 好。”前后语义基本一致，故答案选[B] 项Indeed“的确”。根据上下文可知，该句并未体现因 果关系故排除[C] 项；[A] 项和[D] 项均表示转折语意，但上下文逻辑中并未体现，故排除。
7. 答案 C
   考查语义理解。空格处应填入形容词，修饰 Americans 。 根据句意：在失业至少一年的美国 人中，20%的人表示自己患有抑郁症，是美国有 人数的两倍，说明此处在进行对比，空 格处应与unemployed“失业的”语义相对，故答案选[C] 项。
8. 答 案 A
   考查固定搭配及语义逻辑。空格处应填入名词，作that 从句主语的一部分。根据句意：…… 上升都可以 缺少高薪工作，故空格处填入的词应表明“死亡、心理问题和吸毒率上升” 与“缺少高薪工作”的关系。上文一直在说unemployed 对人的负面影响，故答案选[A] 项 explanation“理由，解释”。
9. 答案 D
   考查介词辨析及语义关系。空格前面是一些问题，空格后是某种人群，因此空格处应填入表 示“在某人群之中”意思的介词，[D] 项among 符合要求，意为“在受教育程度低的中年人中 死亡率上升……",故答案选[D] 项。
10. 答案 C
    考查语义理解。空格处应填入动词短语，作句子的谓语，说明主语和宾语的逻辑关系。根 据句意：也许这就是为什么许多人 不用工作的未来会痛苦无聊。该段反复提到失 去工作带来的弊端，因此人们对这种状态应该是担忧、警惕的，故答案选[C] 项 worry about
    “担心”。
11. 答案 C
    考查语义逻辑。空格处应填入副词，修饰动词短语follow from。根据句意：但发现并 意味着不用工作的世界会充满不安。句首的But 表转折语意，故答案选[C] 项 doesn’t necessarily意为“不一定”符合句意。
12. 答案 B
    考查语义理解。空格处应填入名词，由of being unemployed修饰。空格前的Such visions 指代第二段对不用工作的未来的猜想，空格处说明这些猜想是基于失业的哪方面而做出的。 根据第二段可知，人会变得懒惰、死亡率上升及染上毒瘾等，都是失业的坏处，故答案选[B] 项downsides“不利方面”。
13. 答案 A
    考查语义理解。空格处应填入名词，构成词组 in the…of work。根据后面提到的other ends 和strikingly different circumstances for the future可知，句子描述的社会和现在完全不同，由于上下文讨论的都是不用工作的未来，因此句中所说的other ends应指除工作外的其他目的，[A] 项 absence“缺乏”填入文中，意为“在一个没有工作的条件下”符合语义，故答 案选[A] 项 。
14. 答案 D
    考查语义理解及词汇搭配。空格处应填入动词，与could 一起构成谓语，并与strikingly different circumstances构成动宾搭配。根据句意：脑子里想着其他目标的社会可能会对未 来的劳动和娱乐方式 完全不同的情况，说明由于未来的目的与现在不同，未来的环境 情况也应该与现在不同，[D] 项 yield“产生”带入文中意为“为不同的目的‘带来’了不同的情 形”符合语义，故答案选[D] 项。
15. 答案 C
    考查语义理解。空格处应填入名词，构成 the…of work 结构作句子的主语。句子的表语 overblown 意为“过度吹捧的，夸张的”。故空格处填入的词需要说明工作的哪方面被夸大 了。后一句的直接引语说明了工作 boring,degrading 以 及unhealthy 等坏处，空格所在句 作为过渡句，说明工作的“好处”被夸大了，故答案选[C] 项 virtue“美德；优点”。
16. 答案 D
    考查语义理解。空格处应填入形容词，作表语，说明的是主语leisure time的情况。根据句 意：目前，因为大多数上班族的闲暇时间相对 ,用“目前”与上文讨论的不用工作的未 来相比，说明现在空闲时间“相对较少”,故答案选[D] 项 scarce“稀少的，不足的”。
17. 答案 A
    考查语义理解。空格处应填入名词，由of their jobs修饰，作counterbalance 的宾语。根据 句意：人们会利用空余时间来平衡工作中的脑力及情绪 ,结合备选项，[A] 项“需求”; [B] 项“标准”;[C] 项“质量，特征”;[D] 项“威胁”分别带入文中可知，表示工作需要付出脑力 和情绪的“需求”符合语义，故答案选[A] 项。
18. 答案 B
    考查语义理解。空格处应填入形容词，说明一天辛苦工作后的感觉。根据句意：当我辛苦工 作一天回家时，我经常感到 。而下文提到如果不用工作，感觉就会不同，说明工作带 来的是“疲劳感”,使人没有精力做一些需要专注度的事，故答案选[B] 项。
19. 答案 D
    考查固定搭配及语义理解。空格处应填入介词，与前面的 throw 构成搭配。根据句意： 某种爱好或感兴趣的研究当中。结合备选项，「A7 项 throw off“摆脱，脱掉”:「B] 项 throw against“对着……扔”和[C] 项 throw behind“抛在后面”均不符合题意，故排除；只有 [D] 项 throw into“积极地投入到某事中”符合语义，故答案选[D] 项。
20. 答案 B
    考查语义理解。空格处应填入形容词，修饰matters, 空格所在短语usually reserved for matters 为后置定语，修饰 intensitv 。 根据句意：也许这种不同，足以使他能以与 相当的专注度投身于某种爱好或感兴趣的研究当中。说明空格处应与 intensity 相 呼应，故答案选[B] 项“职业的”。[A] 项“与技术相关的”;[C] 项“与教育相关的”和[D] 项 “人与人之间的”均不符合题意，故排除。

Section II Reading comprehension：

Part A

Text 1

  每个星期六上午9点，超过50000名跑步者开始绕着当地公园跑5公里。Parkrun 现象开 始于十几个朋友，并在英国引发了400项活动，在全国范围内就更多了。这些活动都是免费的， 由成千上万的志愿者组织。跑步者年龄跨度从四岁到祖父母年纪的人都有；跑步的时间范围从 安德鲁 · 巴德利的世界纪录13分48秒到一小时。
  伦敦奥运会“遗产”没做到的，Parkrun做到了。十年前的一个星期一，宣布第30届奥运会 将在伦敦举行。规划文件承诺，奥运会的伟大遗产能使体育爱好者远离沙发。民众的体格将变 得更好、更健康，并产生更多的冠军。但这些并没有发生。在备战2012年奥运会期间，每周坚 持运动的人数的确有所上升，增加了近200万——但总人口增长更快。更糟糕的是，现在正以 加速的趋势下降。反对党声称，每周至少进行两小时运动的小学生几乎减少了一半。成人和儿 童的肥胖率都上升了。官方不断在反思为什么2012年伦敦奥运会未能“激励一代人”。 Parkrun 的成功提供了答案。
  Parkrun 不是赛跑，而是一场与时间的较量：你唯一的竞争对手是时间。这种精神欢迎任 何人参加。当第一次参加的人气喘吁吁地越过终点线，众人报以热烈掌声，给他带来的喜悦和 顶尖运动员取得辉煌成就时是一样的。与之相反，奥运会的申办者想要让更多的人从事体育运 动并产生更多的精英运动员。这两个目标被混淆了：成功的压力超过了参赛的乐趣，吓退了第 一次参加的新人。
  的确，让国家像社区体育协会一样参与规划这样一个“草根”的概念是有点荒唐。如果政府 要在当中发挥作用，它应该参与提供公共设施——确保有兴建运动场地的空间和建设网球和无 挡板篮球场的资金，并鼓励学校提供所有这些活动所需的设施。但是历届政府都在组织出售绿 地，从地方政府挤占资金以及对学校体育运动的关注不断下降。不需要冗长的、让人称道的策 略，未来政府需要做更多的实事，为运动发展提供条件。或者至少不会使它们变得更糟。

21. 答案 A
    本题是细节题。根据题干定位至首段，该段提到每周六大约有五万多人都会在他们当地的 公园里跑步，跑步的年龄跨度之大：从4岁的小朋友到祖父母年纪的人都有；跑步所用的时 间跨度也很大：从世界纪录的13分48秒到一个小时。可知，这是一项全民运动，故答案选 [A] 项“得到了普及”。[B] 项“创造了很多就业机会”、[C] 项“增强了社会的凝聚力”和[D] 项“成为一个官方的节日”在文中并未提及，故排除。
22. 答案 B
    本题是细节题。根据题干关键词London’s Olympic“legacy”定位至第二段。该段前半部分 讲了在最初的时候奥运会的目标，然而，事实却事与愿违，更糟糕的是，现在正以加速的趋 势下降，可知，奥运会并没有推动大众的参与性，与预期的目标不符，故答案选[B]。
23. 答案 C
    本题是推断题。根据题干关键词Parkrun is different from Olympic games可知，本题考察Parkrun 和 Olympic 的区别，定位至第三段。该段首句提到，Parkrun 不是赛跑，而是一场 与时间的较量，说明它不是以竞赛为目的，因此排除[A] 项“为了发现人才”和[B] 项“注重 大规模竞争”;根据该段末句提到的，(奥运会)成功的压力超过了参赛的乐趣，吓退了第一 次参加的新人。可知，[D] 项“不吸引第一次参加的新人”是奥运会的特点，故排除；因为 Parkrun 不是比赛，所以就不强调精英主义，故答案选[C]。
24. 答案 D
    本题是细节题。根据题干关键词that governments should 可推测，该题考察的是对于 Parkrun 这一项大众运动，政府应该做点什么,因此定位至第四段。该段提到，作者希望政 府能够为Parkrun 提供公共设施，确保有空间和资金兴建各类运动场地并鼓励学校提供相 应运动设施，即政府应投资公共体育设施，故答案选[D]。
25. 答案 B
    本题是观点题。根据题干关键词the author’s attitude to what UK governments have done for sports定位至第四段。该段作者提出了自己对政府的期许，随后用转折词But 表明，政 府事实上并未达到这一期许。政府所做的是卖地，从地方政府压榨金钱且不重视学校的体 育运动。可知，此处作者指责政府的一系列行为，故答案选[B] 项“批判的”。[A] 项 tolerant" 宽容的，容忍的”、[C] 项 uncertain “含糊的，不确定的”和[D] 项 sympathetic “同情 的，赞同的”均不符合题意，故排除。

Text 2

  由于对儿童使用屏幕设备的高度关注，父母很容易忘记自己也在使用屏幕。“科技的设计 目的就是要把你真正吸引进去，”珍妮 ·拉德斯基在她的一份关于数字游戏研究中说，“数码产 品就是要最大限度地提高参与度。使人们很难摆脱它，它还会大量渗透到家庭日常生活中。”
  拉德斯基通过对多对母子在吃东西时进行测试，研究了在进餐时使用手机和平板电脑的影 响。她发现，在测试期间使用电子设备的母亲与孩子言语上的互动减少了20%,而非言语上的 交流则减少了39% 。在另一项观察实验中，她发现手机会成为家庭关系紧张的原因之一。当 孩子兴奋地叫喊父母，想引起他们注意时，父母却在看着他们的电子邮件。
  婴儿天生就会通过观察父母的脸来试图了解他们的世界，如果父母脸上毫无表情和反 应——沉迷电子设备时通常就是这种表情——孩子会感到很迷惑不安。拉德斯基引用了20世 纪70年代发展心理学家艾德 · 特罗尼克设计的“面无表情实验”。在实验中，母亲先是被要求 与孩子进行正常交流，然后变得面无表情，不给孩子任何看得见的社交反应：孩子试图吸引母亲 的注意力，同时会变得越来越沮丧。“父母不必在任何时候都细致敏感，但需要有一个平衡，父 母需要对孩子语言或非语言表达的情绪需求做出反应并保持敏感，”拉德斯基说。
  另一方面，特罗尼克本人担心的是，关于孩子们使用电子设备的焦虑是出于一种“压迫性的 意识形态，该理念要求父母应该与孩子一直保持互动”:“这想法有点过于理想化，是典型的白人 中上层阶级的想法，这就是说，如果你的孩子接触不到3万个单词，你就是忽略了他们。”特罗尼 克认为，即使孩子没有从屏幕中学到东西但并不代表这是没有价值的 特别是如果它能让父 母有时间去洗个澡，做家务或只是让他们离开孩子去休息一下。他说，父母使用电子设备也有 不少好处，如与朋友交谈或处理掉一些工作。这会让他们感到快乐，这样他们就能在其余的时 间里更好地带孩子。

26. 答案 B
    本题是细节题。根据题干关键词Jenny Radesky定位至首段。该段提到，科技的设计目的 就是要把你真正吸引进去……数码产品就是要最大限度地提高参与度，使人们很难摆脱 它。说明数码产品的设计目的是让人参与其中，故答案选[B] 项“吸引用户的注意力”。
27. 答案 D
    本题是细节题。根据题干关键词food-testing 和 mothers’use of devices定位至第二段。 该段提到，在测试期间使用电子设备的母亲与孩子言语上的互动减少了20%,而非言语上 的交流则减少了39%。说明食物测试表明，母亲使用电子设备减少了母子间的交流沟通， 故答案选[D]。
28. 答案 D
    本题是细节题。根据题干关键词Radesky 和 still face experiment定位至第三段。该段第 二至四句讲述了实验内容，即当母亲面无表情时，孩子会变得沮丧。随后指出，父母需要对 孩子的情绪需求做出反应并保持敏感。因此拉德斯基引用该实验的目的是为了说明“父母 需要回应孩子的情感需求”,故答案选[D]。
29. 答案 C
    本题是细节题。根据题干关键词oppressive ideology和 Tronick 定位至末段首句。该句提 到，压迫性的意识形态理念要求父母应该与孩子一直保持互动。故答案选[C] 项“确保与孩 子们持续互动”,其中constant interaction与原文的always be interacting相对应。
30. 答案 A
    本题是细节题。根据题干关键词Tronick 和 kid’s 定位至末段最后三句。该段破折号后解 释了kid’s use of screens的具体目的，即父母可以有时间洗澡、做家务、休息。说明孩子使 用电子屏幕可以“给他们的父母一些空闲时间”,故答案选[A]。

Text 3

  如今，社会要求高中生毕业后立马上大学，这种广泛的压力加上快速发展的世界赋予学生 越来越高的期待，往往导致学生完全忽视了空档年这一选择。毕竟，如果你身边的所有人都在 秋季去上大学了，而你却要落后一年，看起来似乎很愚蠢，不是吗?况且之前已经上了12年学， 现在要花一年的时间做跟学习无关的事情，让人感觉不太自然。
  这种想法可能没错，但它并不是拿来谴责空档年的充分理由。社会中长存着一场“跑向 终点线的比赛”,无论终点线后是研究生院、医学院或赚钱的职业，每个人总是害怕落后于其 他人。与常见的误区相反，空档年并不妨碍在学术追求上取得成功——事实上，它可能会起 促进作用。
  来自美国和澳大利亚的研究表明，那些经历过空档年的学生与没有休整过的学生相比，通 常对大学生活的准备更充分，在校的表现也更好。空档年并不会拖学生的后腿，而是促使他们 进步，让他们更能适应未来的独立生活、新的责任和环境变化——这些往往都是一年级新生最 难应付的事情。空档年的经历能让学生在调整状态适应大学生活、身处全新环境的时候不至于 受到太大的冲击，使学生更容易专注于学业和学生活动上，而不是总关注适应期犯下的错误。
  如果你还不相信休整一年去寻找自己的兴趣这种做法的内在价值，那就要想想它对未来学业选择的经济影响。根据国家教育统计中心统计，近80%的大学生整个大学期间至少换过一次专业。这并不奇怪，毕竟高中的基础必修课程并不能让学生了解在大学里等待着他们的专业 选择是很广泛的。很多学生都是在申请大学时填了一个专业，而在上大学后换了另一个专业。 这不一定是一件坏事，不过在某些学校，太晚换专业的话会为补上学分而花很多的钱。例如，在 波士顿大学，如果你从其他院系转到护理学院，你将需要再多读一年。在一开始就用空档年把 一切想清楚，能在日后帮你减轻压力并省钱。

31. 答案 C
    本题是细节题。根据题干关键词high-school 和 gap year定位至首段。该段提到，如果你 身边的所有人都在秋季去上大学了，而你却要落后一年，看起来似乎很愚蠢，不是吗?说 明高中毕业生不选择空档年的原因之一是“他们感觉和其他人做不一样的事很奇怪”,故答 案选[C]。
32. 答案 D
    本题是细节题。根据题干关键词studies from the US and Australia定位至第三段。该段 首句就指出研究的结论：休空档年的学生准备更充分且表现更好；该段第二句对具体准备 作进一步解释；第三句则提到空档年可以降低大学生活中受到的冲击。可知，来自美国和 澳大利亚的研究暗示，休空档年有助于“缓解新生压力”,故答案选[D], 其 中freshmen 与文 中 的first-year students相对应。
33. 答案 A
    本题是词义推断题。根据题干定位至第三段末句。该词出现在making it…的伴随状语 中，解释补充说明前半句所提到的内容。主句提到空档年让学生在适应大学新环境时免受 太大打击，说明making it…的逻辑主语也是“空档年”并继续说明其作用，让学生不再受 acclimation 的影响，可知，acclimation 应与前面提到的适应(adjusting) 环境同义，故答案选 [A] 项“适应”。[B] 项“申请”、[C] 项“动力”和[D] 项“竞争”均不符合题意，故排除。
34. 答案 D
    本题是细节题。根据题干关键词save money定位至末段。该段首句就提到，空档年对未 来学业选择的经济影响。随后指出，大学生普遍存在转专业的现象，而转专业得花不少钱， 而空档年可以让你在上大学之前就考虑清楚，选择恰当的专业，避免因转专业而花钱。说 明空档年可以帮助学生省钱，方式是帮助他们“选择恰当的专业”,故答案选[D]。
35. 答案 A
    本题是主旨大意题。文章首段提到了现在学生不休空档年的原因；第二段首句But 转折之 后引出主题，这种想法可能没错，但它并不是拿来谴责空档年的充分理由，该段还指出空档 年不但不会阻碍成功，还起到促进作用；最后两段分述了空档年的两个好处。可知，文章主 要是说空档年的好处，故答案选[A] 项“支持空档年”。

Text 4

  尽管一般认为野火只是西部各州的问题，但野火日益频发，对联邦税收已造成一定影响，这 使其成为全国性的问题，火灾生态和消防管理专家马克斯 ·莫里茨教授说。
  2015年，美国林务局首次将其过半的年度预算(55亿美元)用于消防工作——这一比例几 乎是20年前的两倍。实际上，林务局在其他的工作上用钱更少——如森林保护，流域和文化资 源管理以及基础设施维护——这些都影响着所有美国人的生活。
  另一个全国性的问题是，其他部门的公共资金是否用在了火灾易发地区的建筑中。正如莫 里茨提出这样一个问题：有多少靠联邦税收建起来的房子以后很可能被野火摧毁呢?
  “从公共支出角度看，这对全国人民来说已经是个大问题了，”他说。“我们得用放大镜来 看。例如，(我们可以问问)‘等一下，这样做好吗?'我们要不要把资金转向火灾隐患没那么大的 地区呢?”
  这种观点要求美国社会换一种方式看待火灾，研究人员说。
  一方面，讨论野火时要全面一些。在过去十年中，人们的关注点一直在气候变化上——地 球因为温室气体变暖，从而带来了很多更易发生火灾的情况。
  虽然气候也是一个关键因素，莫里茨说，但不能因此忽视其他影响因素。
“人类社会与我们所处的环境是相联系的，其中的互动是双向的，”他指出。未能意识到这 一点会导致“在思考可能的解决办法时观点过于简单。我们对问题和解决办法的认知就会变得很局限。”
  与此同时，人们依然把火看作一种必须完全控制住、必要时才释放的东西，科罗拉多大学的 鲍尔奇教授说。但我们要认识到火在人类生活中是不可避免的，这种态度对法律和政策的制 定，以及将火尽量控制在安全范围之内都非常关键，她说。
  “我们的生活已与火脱离，"鲍尔奇说。“理解好、并尽量弄清楚如今人跟火的关系确实非常 重要。”

36. 答案 B
    本题是细节题。根据题干关键词wildfires 、national concern和2015定位至第二段。该段首句 提到，2015年美国林务局首次将其过半的年度预算用于消防工作，与[B] 项“占用的预算比例 创纪录新高”同义，故答案选[B], 其中，budget为原词复现，high与文中的more than同 义 ， consumed 与文中的spent 同 义 。[A] 项“耗费的管理精力是前所未有的”、[C] 项“严重破坏 了西部各州的生态”和[D] 项“导致基础设施的开支剧增”均不符合题意，故排除。
37. 答案 D
    本题是细节题。根据题干关键词Moritz 和 a magnifying glass定位至第四段。该段提到应 用放大镜来看这个问题，故第二句中that指代的内容即为答案。首句提到，从公共支出角 度看，野火对全国人民来说已经是个大问题了，因此that 指的是“公共支出”问题，且该段末 句提到，是否将资金转到风险较低的地方，说明莫里茨呼吁使用“放大镜”是为了“确保公共 支出用在更有保障的地方”,故答案选[D] 。[A] 项“为火灾易发地区筹集更多资金”根据第 三段可知，文中只提到了资金流向，并未提到为这些地区筹款，故排除；第四段末句疑问句 实际是说建议资金应该重新转向更可靠的地方，[B] 项“避免重新分配联邦资金”与原文所 述意思相反，故排除；[C] 项“找出没有火灾隐患的地方”根据第四段末句提到的，钱应花在 火灾隐患较低的地方，而不是要通过“放大镜”找出没有火灾隐患的地方，故排除。
38. 答 案 C
    本题是细节题。根据题干关键词climate is a key element定位至第七段。该段提到，虽然 气候也是一个关键因素，但不能因此忽视其他影响因素。说明，在承认气候是关键因素的 同时，莫里茨也提到“其他因素也不应被忽视”,故答案选[C]。
39. 答案 D
    本题是细节题。根据题干关键词overly simplified view定位至第八段第二句。该句指出，是 Failing to recognize that导致了这种观点的产生。题干中的a result of就是问这种观点 产生的原因，因此只需了解文中that 所指代的内容即可。前一句提到，人类社会与我们所 处的环境是相联系的，其中的互动是双向的，故答案选[D] 项“明白人与自然的相互关系”, 其中，interrelations “相互关系”与文中的interactions 相对应。
40. 答案 B
    本题是细节题。根据题干关键词Professor Balch定位至最后两段。倒数第二段提到，人们 目前还认为火应完全受到控制，只有在必要时才释放；后一句中的But 表转折引出重点，指 出“承认火在人类生活中是不可避免的非常关键”,因此，鲍尔奇教授建议我们应接受火的 必然存在。[B] 项come to terms with sth.意为“对某事做出让步妥协，接受某事”,与文中 所述同义，故答案选[B]。

Part B

  我们对美国制造业衰退的抱怨时有耳闻，特别是听闻于唐纳德 · 特朗普所说。“我们什么 都不再生产了，”他告诉福克斯新闻网，以此来为自己在墨西哥制造的服装品牌辩解。
  毫无疑问，制造业在最近几十年中受到了严重打击，贸易交易也让人们开始发问：新的动荡 是否会再次击垮制造业。
  但还可以用另一种方式来看待这些数据。
  在全国范围内，工厂老板正尽力解决一个新的挑战：工人不是太多，而是太少了。除去贸易 竞争和外包因素，美国制造业每年仍然需要找人代替数以万计出生于生育高峰期的退休员工。 千禧一代对取代他们的位置并不感兴趣。其他行业也在招人，它们的报酬相当甚至会更好。
  对于工厂老板来说，其结果就是招纳员工的激烈竞争 以及工资上涨的压力。“他们很 难招人，他们被其他公司录用了，”家族企业金刚狼螺旋弹簧厂的总裁杰伊 ·邓威尔说，“他们可 能是[在找工作],但他们已经被其他发展水平同制造业相当的行业抢走了，”邓威尔先生已经开 始将高中三年级的学生招进工厂，使他们可以接触工厂的文化。
  罗曼制造公司是一家电力变压器及焊接设备的生产商，由罗伯特 · 罗斯的父亲与别人于 1980年共同创立。如今，罗斯及其关注公司近200名员工的年龄。今年将有5人要退休。罗 斯先生在一项就业项目中招了三个社区学院的学生，起薪为每小时13美元，两年后升至每小时 17美元。
  在变压器车间里，年轻的杰森 ·斯滕奎斯特在工作台旁显得有点手忙脚乱，既因为他正费 力的装配铜线圈，又因为眼前两位陌生人的造访。这是他工作的第一个星期。当被问及他的职 业选择时，他说高中时在转到电机工程专业之前曾想过去医学院学医。“我很喜欢与工具打交 道。我喜欢创造。”他说。
  但要赢得这些年轻员工的青睐，厂商们必须清除另一个主要障碍：他们的父母，他们都经历 过大萧条以来美国最严重的经济衰退，会告诉孩子不要去工厂。千禧一代都“记得他们的父母 都被解雇的情景。父母就责怪到了衰退的制造业头上，”密歇根州西部一家商业开发机构The Right Place的总裁比吉特 · 克罗斯说。
  这些担忧并非杞人忧天：制造业的劳动人数从1970年的1700万下降到2015年的1200 万。当经济开始复苏的时候，劳动力短缺首先出现在高级技能行业中。如今缺口出现在中级技 能层面中。
  “缺口是在无技术水平的工作及需要大量技能的工作之间，”蒙特卡姆社区学院的商业教授 罗伯 ·斯波尔说。“麦当劳及其他不需要员工有很多技能的地方的人手是足够了。可缺口在 于刚刚说的那两种工作之间，这就是问题所在。”
  大溪城社区学院的朱莉 · 帕克斯指出了另一个吸引千禧一代进入制造业的关键点：工作与 生活之间的平衡。虽然他们的父母很乐意长时间的工作，但年轻人却更喜欢有弹性的生活。 “加班对这一代人来说没有吸引力。他们想过自己的生活，”她说。

41. 答案 E
    根据Jay Dunwell定位至第五段。该段首句提到，对于工厂老板来说，其结果就是招纳员工 的激烈竞争——以及工资上涨的压力。第二句进一步进行解释，说明公司招人难，因为他 们被其他公司雇用了。因此Jay Dunwell的观点是由于用人单位的激烈竞争，使招聘新员 工更难了。故答案选[E] 项“对工厂老板而言，竞争激烈致使招纳员工更加困难”。
42. 答 案 A
    根据Jason Stenquist定位至第七段。该段以Jason Stenquist为例，分析年轻员工进入工厂 的原因。末句提到Jason Stenquist从学医到电机工程转变的原因在于喜欢与工具打交道。 故答案选[A] 项“他换到电机工程是因为他喜欢和工具打交道”。
43. 答案 G
    根据Birgit Klohs定位至第八段。该段末句引用了Birgit Klohs说的话，即千禧一代都“记 得他们的父母都被解雇的情景。父母就责怪到了衰退的制造业头上”。故答案选[G] 项“指 责制造业的衰退导致年轻人的父母下岗”。
44. 答案 B
    根据Rob Spohr定位至第十段。该段引用Rob Spohr的话说明劳动力缺口的情况。倒数 第二句提到，麦当劳及其他不需要员工有很多技能的地方的人手是足够了。故答案选[B] 项“不需要太多技能的工作岗位有充裕的劳动力”。
45. 答 案 F
    根据Julie Parks定位至末段。该段首句提到，另一个吸引千禧一代进入制造业的关键点是 工作与生活之间的平衡，故答案选[F] 项“工作与生活的平衡能吸引年轻人加入制造业”。

SectionIII Translation

  我的梦想一直是在时尚和出版之间的领域工作。中学毕业前两年，我选了一门缝纫与 设计课，心想以后会接着修一门时装设计课。然而，在学习那门课程期间，我意识到自己在 这个领域不够出色，日后不足以与其他有创造力的人士竞争，因此我认定，这条路不适合 我。申请上大学之前，我跟所有人说我要学新闻，因为写作曾经是——现在依然是——我 最喜欢的活动之一。可是，说实话，当时我那么说是因为我觉得时尚和我结缘仅仅是个 梦——我知道，别人根本无法想象我能进入时尚行业!于是，我决定找些含有写作的与时 尚相关的课程。就在这个时候，我注意到了“时尚传媒与推广”这门课。

Section IV Writing

Part A

Dear Professor Williams.
  Being invited to give a presentation about Chinese culture to a group of international students,I feel much obliged and honored.You can rest assured that I will be well prepared for it.
  In order to give the international students a better insight into what makes Chinese culture so charming,I will divide the presentation into three main aspects.First and foremost,I would like to concentrate on the distinguishing features of Chinese culture.In addition,I will put much stress on how to preserve and spread Chinese culture in such a multi-cultural world.Last but not least,I’d like to give some ideas on Chinese food culture,which is a hot topic among international students.
  That’s all for my plan.What do you think of the arrangements?Do you have any suggestions on the contents of the presentation?Hope my presentation will impress the students,and thank you again for your warm invitation.
                        Yours sincerely,
                          Li Ming

Part B

The Changes of Museums and Their Visitors'Numbers

  As we can see,the chart shows the changes in the numbers of museums and their visitors over the period from 2013 to 2015.According to the data given,the year 2015 has seen an increase in the number of museums,which has risen steadily from 4165 to 4692. Meanwhile,the number of their visitors has increased sharply by about 143.3 million.
  A number of factors are accountable for the notable changes.On the one hand,with the pace of reform and opening up keeping ahead,our government has realized the significance of the inheritance of traditional culture.It comes very naturally that the increase in the museums is an effective method for people to acquire a traditional cultural identity.On the other hand,along with the horizontal exaltation in people’s physical life, it has become a common sight that they gradually pay more attention to the enjoyment of spiritual life.As carriers and disseminators of Chinese spiritual culture,museums are well-deserved to appeal to massive crowds.
  From what has been discussed above,we may safely draw the conclusion that the increase in museums and their visitors has become an inexorable trend for people to elevate their spirits.What remains to be done is to improve the construction of spiritual culture to meet our citizens’needs for the cultural demands.