2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业学位联考英语（二）试题-解析版

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2010 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试

英语(二) (科目代码：204) 考生注意事项

1. 答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生姓名和考生编号；在答题卡指定 位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。
2. 考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。
3. 选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。
4. 填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔或者钢笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。
5. 考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。

Section I Use of English

Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

  The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11,2009.It is the first worldwide epidemic （1） by the World Health Organization in 41 years.
  The heightened alert （2） an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia,and rising （3） in Britain,Japan,Chile and elsewhere.
  But the epidemic is“ （4） ”in severity,according to Margaret Chan,the organization’s director general, （5） the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery,often in the （6） of any medical treatment.
  The outbreak came to global （7） in late April 2009,when Mexican authorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths （8） healthy adults.As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic,cases began to （9） in New York City,the southwestern United States and around the world.
  In the United States,new cases seemed to fade （10） warmer weather arrived.But in late September 2009,officials reported there was （11） flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the （12） tested are the new swine flu,also known as(A)H1N1,not seasonal flu.In the U.S.,it has （13） more than one million people,and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.
  Federal health officials （14） Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began （15） orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine.The new vaccine,which is different from the annual flu vaccine,is （16） ahead of expectations.More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009 ,though most of those （17） doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type,which is not （18） for pregnant women,people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties,heart disease or several other （19） .But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups:health care workers,people （20） infants and healthy young people.

1. [A]criticized [B]appointed [C]commented [D]designated
2. [A]proceeded [B]activated [C]followed [D]prompted
3. [A]digits [B]numbers [C]amounts [D]sums
4. [A]moderate [B]normal [C]unusual [D]extreme
5. [A]with [B]in [C]from [D]by
6. [A]progress [B]absence [C]presence [D]favor
7. [A]reality [B]phenomenon [C]concept [D]notice
8. [A]over [B]for [C]among [D]to
9. [A]stay up [B]crop up [C]fill up [D]cover up
10. [A]as [B]if [C]unless [D]until
11. [A]excessive [B]enormous [C]significant [D]magnificent
12. [A]categories [B]examples [C]patterns [D]samples
13. [A]imparted [B]immersed [C]injected [D]infected
14. [A]released [B]relayed [C]relieved [D]remained
15. [A]placing [B]delivering [C]taking [D]giving
16. [A]feasible [B]available [C]reliable [D]applicable
17. [A]prevalent [B]principal [C]innovative [D]initial
18. [A]presented [B]restricted [C]recommended [D]introduced
19. [A]problems [B]issues [C]agonies [D]sufferings
20. [A]involved in [B]caring for [C]concerned with [D]warding off

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Text 1

  The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst,Beautiful Inside My Head Forever,at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008.All but two pieces sold,fetching more than f70m,a record for a sale by a single artist.It was a last victory.As the auctioneer called out bids,in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street,Lehman Brothers,filed for bankruptcy.
  The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003.At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion,reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics,a research firm—double the figure five years earlier.Since then it may have come down to $50 billion.But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth,enormous egos,greed,passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.
  In the weeks and months that followed Mr.Hirst’s sale,spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable.In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and
salerooms.Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds,and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90%in the year to November 2008.Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses,Sotheby’s and Christie’s,had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.
  The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989.This time experts reckon that prices are about 40%down on their peak on average,though some have been far more fluctuant.But Edward Dolman, Christie’s chief executive,says:“I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”
  What makes this slump different from the last,he says,is that there are still buyers in the market.Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.The three Ds—death,debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market.But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away,waiting for confidence to return.

21. In the first paragraph,Damien Hirst’s sale was referred to as“a last victory”because ______
    [A]the art market had witnessed a succession of victories
    [B]the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bids
    [C]Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpieces
    [D]it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis
22. By saying“spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line 1-2,Para.3),the author suggests that ______
    [A]collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctions
    [B]people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleries [C]art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extent
    [D]works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying
23. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
    [A]Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008.
    [B]The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum. [C]The art market generally went downward in various ways.
    [D]Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.
24. The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ____
    [A]auction houses’favorites
    [B]contemporary trends
    [C]factors promoting artwork circulation
    [D]styles representing Impressionists
25. The most appropriate title for this text could be _______
    [A]Fluctuation of Art Prices
    [B]Up-to-date Art Auctions
    [C]Art Market in Decline
    [D]Shifted Interest in Arts

Text 2

  I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room—a women’s group that had invited men to join them.Throughout the evening,one man had been particularly talkative,frequently offering ideas and anecdotes,while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch.Toward the end of the evening,I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don’t talk to them.This man quickly nodded in agreement.He gestured toward his wife and said,“She’s the talker in our family.”The room burst into laughter;the man looked puzzled and hurt.“It’s true,”he explained.“When I come home from work I have nothing to say.If she didn’t keep the conversation going,we’d spend the whole evening in silence.”
  This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations,they often talk less at home.And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.
  The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewed—but only a few of the men—gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces.Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent,that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year—a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.
  In my own research,complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his,or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking and social arrangements.Instead,they focused on communication:“He doesn’t listen to me.”“He doesn’t talk to me.”I found,as Hacker observed years before,that most wives want their husbands to be,first and foremost,conversational partners,but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.
  In short,the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of it,wanting to talk.

26. What is most wives’main expectation of their husbands?
    [A]Talking to them.
    [B]Trusting them.
    [C]Supporting their careers.
    [D]Sharing housework.
27. Judging from the context,the phrase“wreaking havoc”(Line 2,Para.2) most probably means _______
    [A]generating motivation
    [B]exerting influence
    [C]causing damage
    [D]creating pressure
28. All of the following are true EXCEPT ________
    [A]men tend to talk more in public than women
    [B]nearly 50 percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversation
    [C]women attach much importance to communication between couples
    [D]a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse
29. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text ?
    [A]The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists.
    [B]Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities.
    [C]Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage. [D]Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.
30. In the following part immediately after this text,the author will most probably focus on _______
    [A]a vivid account of the new book Divorce Talk
    [B]a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoon
    [C]other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.
    [D]a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew Hacker

Text 3

  Over the past decade,many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors—habits—among consumers.These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks or wipe counters almost without thinking,often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.
  “There are fundamental public health problems,like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, that remain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,” said Dr.Curtis,the director of the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.“We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”
  The companies that Dr.Curtis turned to—Procter &.Gamble,Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever—had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.
  If you look hard enough,you’ll find that many of the products we use every day— chewing gums,skin moisturizers,disinfecting wipes,air fresheners,water purifiers,health snacks,teeth whiteners,fabric softeners,vitamins—are results of manufactured habits.A
century ago,few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day.Today,because of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns,many Americans habitually give their pearlywhites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day,often with Colgate,Crest or one of the other brands.
  A few decades ago,many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal.Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs,and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long.Chewing gum,once bought primarily by adolescent boys,is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal.Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals,slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.
  “Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,”said Carol Berning,a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter &Gamble,the company that sold $76 billion of Tide,Crest and other products last year.“Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’lives,and it’s essential to making new products commercially viable.”
  Through experiments and observation,social scientists like Dr.Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through ruthless advertising.As this new science of habit has emerged,controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.

31. According to Dr.Curtis,habits like hand washing with soap
    [A]should be further cultivated
    [B]should be changed gradually
    [C]are deeply rooted in history
    [D]are basically private concerns

32. Bottled water,chewing gum and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to _______
    [A]reveal their impact on people’s habits
    [B]show the urgent need of daily necessities
    [C]indicate their effect on people’s buying power
    [D]manifest the significant role of good habits

33. Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits?
    [A]Tide.
    [B]Crest.
    [C]Colgate.
    [D]Unilever.

34. From the text we know that some of consumers’habits are developed due to ______
    [A]perfected art of products.
    [B]automatic behavior creation
    [C]commercial promotions
    [D]scientific experiments

35. The author’s attitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is _____
    [A]indifferent
    [B]negative
    [C]positive
    [D]biased

Text 4

  Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values,including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries;that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community;that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race,religion,sex,or national origin;that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers;and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law.The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy.In a direct democracy,citizens take turns governing themselves,rather than electing representatives to govern for them.
  But as recently as in 1968,jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals.In some states,for example,jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence,education,and moral character.Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia,the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.
  The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898,it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty.Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their names included on the jury list.This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home,and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.
  In 1968,the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act,ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury.This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community.In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor v.Louisiana,the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors

36. From the principles of the US jury system,we learn that _____
    [A]both literate and illiteratepeople can serve on juries
    [B]defendants are immune from trial by their peers
    [C]no age limit should be imposed for jury service
    [D]judgment should consider the opinion of the public
37. The practice of selecting so-called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed
    [A]the inadequacy of antidiscrimination laws
    [B]the prevalent discrimination against certain races
    [C]the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures
    [D]the arrogance common among the Supreme Court judges
38. Even in the 1960s,women were seldom on the jury list in some states because ____
    [A]they were automatically banned by state laws
    [B]they fell far short of the required qualifications
    [C]they were supposed to perform domestic duties
    [D]they tended to evade public engagement
39. After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed, ____
    [A]sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished
    [B]educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors
    C]jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community
    [D]states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system
40. In discussing the US jury system,the text centers on ____
    [A]its nature and problems
    [B]its characteristics and tradition
    [C]its problems and their solutions [D]its tradition and development

Part B

Directions:
Read the following text and decide whether each of the statements is true or false.Choose T if the statement is true or F if the statement is not true.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)

Copying Birds May Save Aircraft Fuel

  Both Boeing and Airbus have trumpeted the efficiency of their newest aircraft,the 787 and A350 respectively.Their clever designs and lightweight composites certainly make a difference.But a group of researchers at Stanford University,led by Ilan Kroo,has suggested that airlines could take a more naturalistic approach to cutting jet-fuel use,and it would not require them to buy new aircraft.
  The answer,says Dr Kroo,lies with birds.Since 1914,scientists have known that birds flying in formation—a V-shape—expend less energy.The air flowing over a bird’s wings curls upwards behind the wingtips,a phenomenon known as upwash.Other birds flying in the upwashexperience reduced drag,and spend less energy propelling themselves.Peter Lissaman,an aeronautics expert who was formerly at Caltech and the University of Southern California,has suggested that a formation of 25 birds might enjoy a range increase of 71%.
  When applied to aircraft,the principles are not substantially different.Dr Kroo and his team modelled what would happen if three passenger jets departing from Los Angeles,San Francisco and Las Vegas were to assemble over Utah,assume an inverted V-formation, occasionally change places so all could have a turn in the most favourable positions,and proceed to London.They found that the aircraft consumed as much as 15%less fuel(coupled with a reduction in carbon-dioxide output).Nitrogen-oxide emissions during the cruising portions of the flight fell by around a quarter.
  There are,of course,knots to be worked out.One consideration is safety,or at least the perception of it.Would passengers feel comfortable travelling in companion?Dr Kroo points out that the aircraft could be separated by several nautical miles,and would not be in the intimate groupings favoured by display teams like the Red Arrows.A passenger peeringout of the window might not even see the other planes.Whether the separation distances involved would satisfy air-traffic-control regulations is another matter,although a working group at the International Civil Aviation Organisation has included the possibility of formation flying in a blueprint for new operational guidelines
  It remains to be seen how weather conditions affect the air flows that make formation flight more efficient.In zones of increased turbulence,the planes’wakes will decay more quickly and the effect will diminish.Dr Kroo says this is one of the areas his team wllinvestigate further.It might also be hard for airlines to co-ordinate the departure times and destinations of passenger aircraft in a way that would allow them to gain from formation flight.Cargo aircraft,in contrast,might be easier to reschedule,as might routine military flights.
  As it happens,America’s armed forces are on the case already.Earlier this year the country’s Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency announced plans to pay Boeing to investigate formation flight,though the programme has yet to begin.There are reports that some military aircraft flew in formation when they were low on fuel during the Second World War,but Dr Lissaman says they are unsubstantiated.“My father was an RAF pilot and my cousin the skipper of a Lancaster lost over Berlin,”he adds.So he should know.

41.Findings of the Stanford University researchers will promote the sales of new Boeing and Airbus aircraft.
42.The upwash experience may save propelling energy as well as reducing resistance.
43.Formation flight is more comfortable because passengers can not see the other planes. 44.The role that weather plays in formation flight has not yet been clearly defined.
45.It has been documented that during World War II,America’s armed forces once tried formation flight to save fuel.

Section III Translation

46.Directions:
In this section there is a text in English.Translate it into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15 points)

   “Sustainability”has become a popular word these days,but to Ted Ning,the concept will always have personal meaning.Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed through everyday action and choice.
  Ning recalls spending a confusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance.He’d been through the dot-com boom and burst and,desperate for a job,signed on with a Boulder agency.
  It didn’t go well.“It was a really bad move because that’s not my passion,”says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated,predictably,into a lack of sales.“I was miserable.I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job.Everyone said,‘Just wait,you’ll turn the corner,give it some time.”

Section IV Writing

Part A

47. Directions：

  You have just come back from the U.S.as a mem ber of a Sino-American cultural exchange program.Write a letter to your American colleague to
  1）express your thanks for his/her warm reception;
  2）welcome him/her to visit China in due course.
  You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
  Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use “Zhang Wei” instead.
  Do not write the address.(10 points)

Part B

48. Directions：
  Write an essay based on the following chart.In your writing,you should
  1）interpret the chart and
  2）give your comments.
  You should write at least 150 words.
  Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15 points)

答案

Section I use of English

  在墨西哥首先发现的猪流感于2009年6月11日被宣布为全球性流行病。这是41年来世 界卫生组织(1)认定的第一例全球性流行病。
  澳大利亚病例数的急剧增加以及英国、日本、智利和其他地方患病(3)人数的不断增加使得 流感专家齐聚日内瓦召开紧急会议。而在这(2)之后，各地的警戒级别也进一步提高
  但是在卫生组织总干事Margaret Chan 看来这次流行病就严重程度而言是(4)“温和的” (5)因为绝大多数患者只有轻微的症状，并且常常在(6)没有采取任何医学治疗的情况下痊愈。
  2009年4月末，当墨西哥当局注意到在健康的成年人(8)中住院和死亡的人数多得非同寻 常时，该瘟疫的爆发才引起了全球的(7)关注。随着墨西哥城很多地方在极度恐慌中大门紧闭 纽约、美国西南部以及世界各地也都开始(9)出现同样的病例。
  在美国，(10)随着天气回暖新疫情似乎减少了。但在2009年9月底，官方报告称几乎每个 州都有(11)显著疫情，且几乎所有化验的(12)样本都属于新型猪流感，又称(甲型)H1N1 病毒， 而非季节性流感。在美国，已经有100多万人受到(13)感染，600多人死亡，6000多人住院，
  联邦卫生官员从国家贮备中拨出达菲疫苗(14)发放给儿童，并开始(15)接受来自各州的新 猪流感疫苗的订单。这种新疫苗不同于年度流感疫苗，它(16)投入使用的时间比人们预期的还 早。300多万支疫苗将在2009年10月初上市，然而(17)最初发放的疫苗绝大多数都是喷鼻型 疫苗，(18)不建议孕妇、50岁以上以及有呼吸障碍、心脏疾病或其他(19)疾病的人使用。但是 其他高危人群仍可能接种疫苗：医疗人员、婴儿(20)护理人员以及健康的年轻人。

1. 答案 D
   词义辨析题。空格处填入过去分词，作后置定语，修饰 epidemic 。根据上文提到的“…was declared a global epidemic…”(被宣布为全球性流感),而空格所在句又进一步指出“这是41 年来世界卫生组织 的第一例全球性流行病”。可知，只有[D] 项 designated“指定，认 定”符合语义与逻辑要求，故选[D] 项。
2. 答案 C
   逻辑判断与词义辨析题。空格所在句是个长难句，考生应理解 alert、meeting 和 a sharp rise三 者的关系，根据after a sharp rise 可知 rise(病例数增加)是 meeting(日内瓦专家会议)的原因， 由此可推出alert 是 meeting 的结果，即 meeting 使得 alert 升级。[C] 项 followed“在……之 后”,满足的逻辑，所以[C] 正确。
3. 答案 B
   词义辨析题。从并列连词and来看：空格后的表达(in Britain…)对应前面的in Australia…),所以空
   格处rising 应对应a sharp rise in cases(病例数的剧增),因此[B] 项numbers“数量”正确。
4. 答案 A
   语境判断与词义辨析题。由句首的 But, 句子后半部分的 only mild symptoms以 及 a full recovery 可以推测出此次的流行病在Margaret Chan看来并不是很严重，即答案为[A]。
5. 答案 A
   逻辑判断题。前一句指出 Margaret Chan认为这次传染病并不是很严重，而后句指出绝大 多数的病人只有轻微的症状并且可以痊愈。由此可见两部分是能相互照应的伴随情况，只 有[A] 选项with 可表原因和伴随情况，故正确。
6. 答案 B
   语境判断与词组辨析题。前一句指出大部分的病人只有轻微的症状并且可以痊愈，而空格所 在句是“a full recovery”的状语，故应是进一步解释说明前一句话，强调此次流行病并不严重。 因此应选择[B]“in absence of”(缺乏),即绝大多数病人在没有采取任何医学治疗的情况下往往 也会痊愈。
7. 答案 D
   逻辑分析与词义辨析题。本段是对流感状况的回顾，文章开头就强调了此病的全球概念。 空格后一句指出“当墨西哥当局注意到在健康的成年人中住院和死亡的人数多得非同寻常 时”,这是空格所在句的时间状语从句。因为人数多得异乎寻常，所以引起了全球的关注，故 [D]notice“关注，注意”,体现了公众对此次传染病的重视，为正确答案。
8. 答案 C
   介词搭配题。分析上下文可知，此处体现的是“在健康的成年人之中”,而[A] 、[B] 、[D] 选项与“healthy adults”的搭配均不合逻辑，只有[C]among 可以体现“在……之中”。
9. 答案 B
   词组辨析题。本段首句提到 “The outbreak came to global notice…”(该瘟疫的爆发才引起 全球性的关注),接着本句阐述说：“随着墨西哥城很多地方在极度恐慌中大门紧闭，纽约、美 国西南部以及世界各地也都开始 同样的病例。”所以，此处空格填入词应该表达“出 现”之意。故[B]正确。
10. 答案 A
    逻辑分析与连词判断题。空格所在句为“… new cases seemed to fade warmer weather arrived,”空格处连词的选择取决于前后主从句的逻辑关系。空格前提到“新疫情 似乎减弱了”,而后一句用“But” 表示转折，指出在2009年9月份疫情再度蔓延，9月份是天 气变冷的时候，那么上一句话应该是随着天气回暖，疫情似乎减弱了。所以，[A] 项 as“随 着，当……时候”为正确答案。
11. 答案 C
    词义辨析题。空格所在句意为“官方报告称几乎每个州都有 疫情”,此处需填入一个 形容词修饰flu activity,而根据上下文判断此处填入词应表示流感活动多发并且较严重，只 有[C]significant“显著的，重要的”最合适。
12. 答案 D
    词义辨析题。空格填入词需满足两个条件：与tested 构成动宾逻辑；与 the new swine flu 构成主表逻辑。能符合上述条件，含义为“且几乎所有 都属于被称为(甲型)H1N1 病 毒的新流感”的只能是[D] 项samples。
13. 答案 D
    词义辨析题。后一句指出：造成600多人住院。故空格所在句与后一句应是因果关系，只有 “感染了”才会“死亡或住院”,故正确答案为[D]。
14. 答案 A
    逻辑分析与词义辨析题。根据 for children 和 from the national stockpile两个介词短语 可知：children 是 Tamiflu 的接受者，而 the national stockpile是 Tamiflu 的来源。此外， 空格填入词需与 Federal health officials 形成主谓逻辑，和 Tamiflu 形成动宾逻辑。[A] 项 released“发放”满足上述条件，意为“联邦卫生官员从国家贮备中拨出达菲疫苗发放 给儿童”。
15. 答案 C
    搭配辨析题。“began orders from the states”这个动作的发出者是Federal health officials, 结合介词from, 它和 the states 的逻辑关系应为“卫生部官员接受各州的订单”, take orders 此处意为“接受订单”,所以[C] 项正确。
16. 答案 B
    语境判断与词义辨析题。由下一句可知：300多万支疫苗将在2009年10月初上市。而前 一句指出，联邦卫生部门给儿童发放疫苗，并接受各州新疫苗的订单。故空格所在句应起承 上启下的作用，意为：新疫苗比预期上市早。故[B] 为正确答案，即新疫苗已经可以使用。
17. 答案 D
    语境判断与词义辨析题。空格前面的指示代词 those 是重要线索，指代上句 more than three million doses,即上句中的the new vaccine,所以空格填入词应该和 new 是同义词。 [D] 项 initial“最初的，开始的”,和new 属于同义词，是正确选项。
18. 答案 C
    词义辨析题。由下文的But it was still possible to可知此处应为相反的意思，即这批流感疫 苗不建议给孕妇……使用，故[C] 为正确答案，其他选项均不合题意。
19. 答案 A
    词义辨析题。由空格前的breathing difficulties 和 heart disease可知，空格填入词应与“疾 病”有关。选项[A]problems “问题”一词的含义具有一定的概括性，在逻辑上包含 difficulties 和 disease,故为正确答案。
20. 答案 B
    词组辨析题。根据空格所在句的 and 可知：health care workers,people infants 和 healthy young people是并列关系。本题要填入的也是群体中的一部分，其宾语为 infants (婴儿),合理的搭配应为“照看婴儿的人”,故[B]caring for正确。

Section II Reading comprehension

Part A

Text 1

  在2008年9月15日伦敦苏富比拍卖行举行的“我内心的美丽永存”拍卖会上，Demien Hirst的56件作品成功出售，随着这些作品的出售，艺术品市场一个世纪以来最长的牛市戏剧 性的落幕了。所有作品中只有两件没有售出，销售额超过7000万英镑，创造了单个艺术家的拍 卖纪录。这是最后的胜利。在拍卖商大声出价时，纽约华尔街上历史最悠久的银行之一，雷曼 兄弟申请了破产。
  世界艺术品市场从2003年莫名急剧上升后，就有一段时间失去了发展动力。艺术经济研 究公司的创始人Clare McAndrew 估计，在2007年的高峰期世界艺术品市场的价值约为650 亿美元，是五年前的两倍。从那之后，它可能降到了500亿美元。但市场创造的利润远超其规 模，这是因为它汇集了巨大的财富、膨胀的自我、贪婪、激情和争议。其方式几乎没有哪个产业 能与之相提并论。
  在 Hirst作品拍卖后的数周甚至数月内，任何此类的投资都变得很不合时宜。在艺术收藏界， 这意味着收藏家远离了画廊和拍卖场。当代艺术品的销售额下降了三分之二，而在最热门的领 域，那一年的销售额截止到2008年11月份下跌了近90%。几周之内，世界上两家最大的拍卖行， 苏富比和佳士得，不得不支付近两亿美元作为担保费用给早已把作品交给他们出售的客户。
  当前艺术品市场的下滑是自1989年底日本停止购买印象派作品以来最糟糕的一次。这一 次，专家估计平均价位相对峰值下降了大约40%,尽管有些价格波动的幅度更大。但佳士得的 首席执行官Edward Dolman 说：“我们现在已经处于低谷，对此我深信不疑。”
  他指出，与上一次暴跌不同的是目前市场上仍存在买家。几乎每位接受这个特别报道采访 的人都说，当前最大的问题不是缺乏需求，而是没有好的作品销售。3D因素 -death(死亡)、 debt(债务)和 diyorce(离婚) 依然会把艺术品推向市场。但那些不必出售作品的人就一直 远离着市场，等待信心的回归。

21. 答案 D
    根据题干信息定位在第一段最后一句话，其大意为：在拍卖商大声出价时，纽约华尔街上历 史最悠久的银行之一，雷曼兄弟申请了破产。该句中提到的银行破产与[D] 中的“金融危 机”相吻合，题干中的“a last victory”显而易见是指金融危机前的最后一次成功的拍卖，所以 [D] 正确。[A] 、[C] 选项文中并无依据，[B] 选项与文章不符，文中“all but two pieces”意为 “除两幅作品外的全部作品”。

22. 答案 A
    根据第三段的一、二两句话。第一句话指出，任何此类的投资都变得很不合时宜。接下来第 二句话：在艺术收藏界，这意味着收藏家远离了画廊和拍卖场。很显然，这指的是收藏家不 再花钱购买艺术品了，即他们不再参与艺术品市场的拍卖了，故[A] 为正确答案。

23. 答案 B
    这种题型往往需要考生回到原文对选项一一定位，加以对照和判断。第二段的二、三句：At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion…Since then it may have come down to $50 billion.[A]选项表述与原文一致，故排除；第三段的各项数据表明艺术品市场确实在 走下坡路，故排除[C];[D] 选项表述与文章最后一句话“But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away,waiting for confidence to return.”相符，故排除。第二段第一句话指 出：从2003年世界艺术品市场莫名急剧上升后，就开始失去了发展动力。由此以及第三段 的内容可见，作者并没有将艺术品市场的发展动力与其他行业进行对比。故[B] 选项表述 不正确，为正确答案。

24. 答案 C
    本题的解题关键在文章末段的第三句话“3D 因素——death(死亡)、debt(债务)和 divorce (离婚)——依然会把艺术品推向市场”。3Ds 紧随其后的谓语部分是“still deliver works of art to the market”,也就是说这三个D 是艺术品流通的因素，即答案为[C]。

25. 答案 C
    主旨题的思路是对整篇文章的高度概括，考生可将各段的首句信息做综合处理。这篇文章 的每一段的第一句几乎都有“art market”这个词，即“艺术品市场”,而且通过文章的阅读，我 们很容易抓住艺术品市场不景气这一主旨。故[C] 是最合适的标题。

Text 2

  在弗吉尼亚郊外的一个客厅里，我对来这里参加小型聚会的人发表了一篇演讲，这是个女 性团体举办的聚会，但也邀请了男性一并参加。整个晚上，有个男性非常健谈，他不时地表达自 己的观点，并滔滔不绝的讲述奇闻轶事，而旁边他的妻子则安静地坐在沙发上。在聚会的结尾， 我评论说女性常常抱怨她们的丈夫不跟她们谈话。这个男人马上点头同意。他指向自己的妻 子说：“她是我们家的话匣子。”大家哄堂大笑，他看起来有点迷惑还有些受伤。他解释说：“这是真的。我下班回家后没什么可说的。如果她不说话的话，那我们整个晚上都会保持沉默。”
  这则小插曲明确了其中的讽刺意味，尽管美国男性在公共场合比女性更健谈，但一回到家 他们就说得少了。并且这种模式对婚姻会带来致命的危机。
  政治学家 Andrew Hacker 于20世纪70年代末对这种模式做了观察。社会学家Catherine Kohler Riessman 在她的新书《漫话离婚》中提到她采访过的大部分女性，当然也有少部分男性 认为缺乏沟通是他们离婚的原因。美国目前的离婚率接近50%,合记下来每年美国由此而导 致的离婚案件有上百万件，这实际上就是沟通失败导致的流行病。
  在我自己的研究中，女性对其丈夫的抱怨通常并不侧重于切实的不平等，如为了陪伴丈夫 而牺牲了自己的事业，或是比丈夫承担更多的日常家务，比如打扫卫生，做饭和社交安排。相 反，她们更重视交流：“他不听我说话”,“他不跟我说话”。我发现，正如Hacker 几年前观察到的 那样，大多数妻子首先希望她们的丈夫成为交流的伴侣，但很少有丈夫能满足妻子的期望。
  总之，最能代表目前危机的图画是一幅典型的卡通画，一个男人坐在餐桌前吃早饭，手中握 着一份报纸，基本遮住了他的脸，而他的妻子则在报纸背后盯着他，想与他讲话。

26. 答案 A
    根据题干信息“most wives’main expectation of their husbands”可定位在第四段尾句：“… most wives want their husbands to be,first and foremost,conversational partners,but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.”从中可知，妻子寄予丈夫的主要希望 是希望他们能成为conversation partners,所以[A] 为正确答案。

27. 答案 C
    对于短语或词汇题，要注意从上下文进行理解。短语前一句指出“美国男性在公共场合比女 性更健谈，但一回到家他们就说得少了”,而又由第三段可知，社会学家Catherine Kohler Riessman 在她的新书中提到她采访过的多数女性认为缺乏沟通是他们离婚的原因，因此可 以得出这种模式正在危害婚姻的结论。故正确答案为[C]。

28. 答案 B
    判断题通常需要将四个选项和原文内容逐一对比。根据第二段首句：“…although Ameri- can men tend to talk more than women in public situations,they often talk less at home” (美国男性在公共场合比女性更健谈，但一回到家他们就说得少了)可确定[A] 与[D] 选项表
    述正确；由第四段第二句：“Instead,they focused on communication”可以得出[C] 与原文表 述一致；根据第三段末句提到的“目前美国离婚率为50%,按这个比例计算的话，在美国每 年因沟通不畅导致的离婚案例得有上百万件”，但“上百万件案例”并不等于“美国离婚案例 的50%”,因此不能说“最近的离婚案例中有近一半是因为沟通不畅造成的”,[B] 选项与文 章表述不符，故选[B]。

29. 答案 D
    文章首段由一次家庭聚会引出男性在公共场合与在家中的交流存在差别的现象，而接下来 又谈到这种差别会影响到婚姻。全文一直是在围绕男女不同的谈话模式而展开的。故其主 旨应为[D] 。[A] 选项文中并无依据，[B] 选项与文意相左。[C] 选项只是在第四段后半部 分提到了，但并不能作为文章的主旨。故答案为[D]。

30. 答案 B
    首先从文章主旨来看，本文主要讲述的是男女之间谈话模式的差别以及其对婚姻的影响。 而文章在最后一段描述了一个能够代表当前这种婚姻危机的典型漫画。如果还有后续段 落，则此漫画应起承上启下的作用，与全文保持连贯性与一致性，[B] 选项为正确答案。

Text 3

  在过去的十年间，许多公司完善了引导消费者无意识行为——习惯的艺术。在一系列精心 设计的日常暗示影响下，消费者几乎不假思索地吃快餐或擦拭柜台，这些行为习惯已经帮助公 司赢得了数十亿美元的收益。
  伦敦卫生与热带病学医学院卫生中心主任，Curtis博士说：“有一些基本的公共卫生问题， 比如不用肥皂洗手的习惯，仍然威胁着人们的生命，这是因为我们还想不出改变人们习惯的方 法。我们想从私营企业那里学习如何创造新的无意识习惯行为。”
  Curtis 博士所转向的公司宝洁、高露洁和联合利华都已经投资数亿美元寻找消费者生 活中的微妙线索，而企业可以利用这些线索来引入新的生活习惯。
如果你观察得足够仔细，你将发现我们每天用的很多产品都是“制造”出来的习惯的结果， 如口香糖，润肤露、消毒湿巾、空气清新剂、净水器、健康快餐、洁牙剂、织物柔软剂及维生素等。 一个世纪前，很少有人每天刷好几次牙。而今天，由于精明的广告宣传以及公共卫生运动，很多 美国人习惯性地每天刷两次他们珍珠一样白的牙齿以预防龋齿，他们常用的品牌是高露洁、佳 洁士或其他牌子的一种。
  几十年前，很多人不会在餐外时间喝水。后来饮料公司开始将偏远地区的泉水进行装瓶生 产，而现在办公室人员会不假思索地整天喝着瓶装水。口香糖曾经主要是小男孩购买，而现在 的商业广告将它定位成饭后清新口气与清洁牙齿的产品。润肤霜被广告宣称为清晨美容的一 个步骤，不知不觉地成为梳头与化妆之间的一个步骤。
  宝洁公司的汰渍、佳洁士以及其他品牌产品去年的销售额高达760亿美元。最近刚从宝洁 退休的消费者心理学家，Carol Berning说：“当我们的产品成为每天或每周的(生活)习惯时，它 们就成功了。创造良好的习惯是改善消费者生活的重要部分，同时它对于新产品能否在商业上 获得成功也很重要。”
  Berning 博士等社会学家通过试验与观察得出：通过不懈的广告营销可以在特定的行为与 习惯性暗示之间建立强大的联系。随着这一新的行为科学的出现，当这些策略被用于销售问题 美容产品或不健康食品时，众多争议也随之出现。

31. 答案 A
    根据Curtis 定位在第二段第一句“There are fundamental public health problems,…how to change people’s habits”提到“有一些基本的公共卫生问题仍然威胁着人们的生命是因为我 们还想不出改变人们习惯的方法”。由此可知，如果我们搞清楚如何改变人们的习惯，不用 香皂洗手这样的问题就不会造成威胁，因此对用香皂洗手这样的习惯应进一步培养。故 [A] 正确。
32. 答案 A
    第五段是个举例段落，段内较难推断出作者的写作意图，故可阅读前后段落寻找解题线索。 阅读第四段首句：“If you look hard enough,you’ll find that many of the products we use every day…are results of manufactured habits”,可知“许多产品的使用都是被制造出的习 惯”,因此举瓶装水、口香糖及润肤露这样的产品为例就是为了阐述“它们对人们习惯的影 响”,正确答案为[A] 。[B] 与[C] 在文中并未体现，属无中生有。作者只是客观阐述产品对 人们习惯的影响，并没有评论习惯的好坏，故[D] 错误。
33. 答 案 D
    文章第四段末句“many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity…often with Colgate,Crest or one of the other brands”和第六段“…Tide,Crest,and other products … Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’lives”可以确定Tide, Crest 和 Colgate都能帮助人们培养习惯，而 Unilever是公司名称，并非产品名称，故[D] 正确。
34. 答案 C
    末段首句话“there is power in trying certain behaviors to habitual cues through ruthless advertising” 是理解的关键。“through ruthless advertising”充分说明人们的消费习惯养成 深受力度大的广告营销的影响。综合文章前面的论述，商业宣传对人们的消费影响确实很 大，故正确答案为[C]。
35. 答案 B
    解题关键在于文章最后一段，最后一句话 “controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.”“controversies have erupted”(众多争议产生),“sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods”(销售 问题美容产品或不健康食品),综合两者可推测作者的态度应该是消极的。[B] 正确。

Text 4

  很多美国人将陪审团制度视为基本民主价值观的具体体现，所有符合最低年龄和受教育程 度资格要求的公民都能平等地担当陪审员；陪审员应随机地从代表社会各个阶层的人中挑选； 任何公民都不得因种族、宗教、性别或民族出身而被剥夺担当陪审员的权利；被告有权接受同龄人的审判；判决应能代表公众良知而不仅仅是法律条文。陪审团制度也被认为是现存的直接民 主而不是代表性民主的最好例子。在直接民主中，公民可以轮流自治，而不是选举代表替他们 执政。
  但是直到1968年，陪审团挑选程序仍与这些民主理念相冲突。比如，在有些州，陪审团的职责只限定在一些智力、教育和道德品质优秀的人身上。尽管美国最高法院早在1880年的 Strauder v.West Virginia 一案中就已经禁止在陪审员选拔中出现故意的种族歧视，但是挑选所谓精英或蓝绶带陪审团的做法给这种或其他反歧视法提供了方便之路。
  直到20世纪中叶，这个制度还未能定期地将女性纳入陪审团之中。尽管1898年犹他州女 性首次担当州陪审团的陪审员，但直到20世纪40年代，大多数州才使得女性的陪审员职责合 法化。甚至当时有些州也会自动免除女性在陪审团的职责，除非她们自己要求将名字加入陪审 员名单中。这种做法的解释是家庭需要女性，于是，整个二十世纪六十年代陪审团成员里都没有女性代表。
  1968年，美国国会通过了陪审团遴选和服务法案，开创了陪审团体制民主改革的新时代。 该法案废除了对联邦陪审员的特殊教育要求，规定必须从整个社会的典型成员中随机挑选。1975年的Taylor v.Louisiana 案件的裁决具有里程碑意义。根据该裁决，最高法院将陪审员 应是社会各阶层的代表这一要求延伸到州一级。Taylor 裁决还宣布在遴选陪审团成员过程中 的性别歧视违反宪法，并命令各州在遴选男女陪审员时须使用同样的程序。

36. 答案 D
    文章首段提到了美国陪审团制度的原则。根据“verdicts should represent the conscience of the community”判决应该代表公众的良知，可知[D] 是原文的同义替换，为正确答案。[A]、[C] 与原文“all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries”(所有符合最低年龄和受教育程度资格要求的公民都能平等地 担当陪审员)矛盾，[B] 与原文“defendants are entitled to trial by their peers”(被告有权接 受同龄人的审判)矛盾，故排除。
37. 答案 A
    由第二段最后一句话的后半句“ …,the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.”可知：挑选 所谓精英或蓝绶带陪审团的做法给这种或其他反歧视法提供了方便之路。反歧视法能够被 方便地绕开，说明其存在不足，故[A] 选项为正确答案，其他选项均不符合题意。
38. 答案 C
    根据题干关键词“women were seldom on the jury list in some states”可定位在第三段第三、 四句：“Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty …This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home.”作者在第四句给出了 这种做法的原因，即这种做法的解释是家庭需要女性。由此可见，[C] 为正确答案。
39. 答案 B
    根据题干关键词Jury Selection and Service Act可定位在末段首句“In1968,the Congress…”再 根据after 可将答案定位在下一句“This law abolished special educational requirements for feder- al jurors and…”可知，该法案废除了对联邦陪审员的特殊教育要求。故选项[B] 为正确答案。 [A][C][D] 均是the Taylor decision带来的结果。不符合题意，故排除。
40. 答案 D
    对这样的主旨题，要从整篇文章的结构及内容来把握。第一段主要介绍了美国陪审团制度 的五条原则，而第二、三、四段则从歧视、女性陪审员的地位以及教育水平和性别等方面的变 化来介绍美国陪审团制度的历史及发展。从中可以看出文章以陪审团制度的传统和发展为 中心，[D] 正确。

Part B

模仿鸟类飞行可节省飞机燃油

  波音和空客都在夸赞各自最新型飞机787和A350 的性能。精巧的设计与轻质的复合材 料确实令他们与众不同。但在斯坦福大学，Ilan Kroo领导的研究小组提出，飞机的飞行路线可 以采用更具仿生效应的路径来节省燃油，并不需要购买新飞机。
  Kroo 博士称这个设想是受到鸟类的启发。1914年以来，科学家就了解到鸟类以一种V 字 形的编队飞行来减少体力消耗。气流划过鸟翼时会在其翼尖向上弯曲，这种现象被称为上升 流。在上升流中飞行的其他鸟儿所遇的阻力也会减小，并且节省飞行所使用的体力。先前在加 州理工学院和南加州大学工作过的航空专家，Peter Lissama已经提出， 一个由25只鸟组成的 编队可将飞行距离增加71%。
  如果把这些原理应用在飞机上，其效果也没有本质的差别。Kroo 博士和他的团队模拟了 三架喷气式客机的飞行状况：三架飞机分别从洛杉矶、旧金山和拉斯维加斯起飞，在犹他州上空 集合，沿途采用反V 字形的编队飞行，并偶尔变动一下位置以便所有的飞机都能轮流占据最有 利的位置，最后飞向伦敦。他们发现这些飞机节省了多达15%的燃油(同时减少了二氧化碳的 排放)。在飞行巡航过程中，氧化氮的排放量减少了近四分之一。
  当然，也有一些难题需要解决。首先要考虑的是安全问题，或至少是安全感。当飞机编队 飞行时乘客会感到舒服吗? Kroo 博士指出飞机间会间隔几海里，不会像红箭头等飞机表演队 喜欢的那样间距很密地组织飞行。乘客向窗外望去时甚至可能看不到其他飞机。尽管国际民 航组织已经将编队飞行的可能性纳入新操作指南的蓝图之中了，但飞行间距是否符合空中交通 管制规则又是另一个问题。
天气情况对提升编队飞行效率的气流影响还有待观察。在湍流增多的区域，飞机的尾流会 消失得更快，其作用也会减弱。Kroo 博士称，这是他的团队将要进一步研究的问题之一。协调 客机的起飞时间和目的地以使它们从编队飞行中受益可能也是一个难题。相反，就像日常的空军飞行一样，货机可能更容易重新协调安排。
  与此同时，美国的空军也已经着手此项研究。今年早些时候，美国国防高级研究规划局宣 布计划出资让波音公司来研究编队飞行，尽管这个计划现在还没有开始。一些报道称，在二战 期间一些军机在燃油不足的情况下曾经编队飞行，但是Lissama 博士认为这些报道并无事实依 据。他补充说：“我的父亲曾是一名皇家空军飞行员，我的堂兄曾是一架在柏林坠毁的兰凯斯特 飞机的机长。”因此，他应该清楚此事。

41. 答案 F
    题干译为：斯坦福大学研究人员的发现会促进波音与空客飞机的销售。根据题干信号词 “Findings of the Stanford University researchers”可定位到首段的最后一句。其中的信息： “it would not require them to buy new aircraft”(不需要它们购买新飞机),说明斯坦福大学 研究人员的发现不会促进飞机的销售，由此可见，题干陈述与文章内容相矛盾，故答案是F。
42. 答案 T
    题干译为：上升流既能减少阻力，又能节省推动所用能量。根据“The upwash experience”可 定位到第二段第三、四句“…a phenomenon known as upwash.Other birds flying in the
    upwash experience reduced drag,and spend less energy propelling themselves.”(在上升流中飞行的其他鸟儿所遇的阻力也会减小，并且节省飞行所使用的体力),题干中的“save propelling energy”与 “reducing resistance” 和 原 文 的“spend less energy propelling themselves” 与“reduced drug”属于同义转述，故题干表述正确。
43. 答案 F
    题干译为：编队飞行会更舒服，因为乘客看不到其他飞机。审视本段会发现作者在讨论现实 操作中遇到的难题有两个：一个是安全因素，另一个是飞行时乘客感到舒适吗?因此使编队 飞行更加舒适是需要解决的难题之一，并非既有事实，故题干表述有误。
44. 答案 T
    题干译为：天气在编队飞机中的作用尚不明确。根据题干信息“weather plays in formation flight”可定位到第五段第一句话“It remains to be seen how weather conditions affect the air flows that make formation flight more efficient.”(天气情况对提升编队飞行效率的气流 影响还有待观察)。“has not yet been clearly defined”与“it remains to be seen”为同义替换， 由此可见，题干表述正确。
45. 答案 F
    题干译为：据资料记载，在二战期间一些军机为节省燃油曾经编队飞行。根据题干关键词 “World War Ⅱ”可定位到文章末段第三句“There are reports that some military aircraft flew in formation when they were low on fuel during the Second World War,but Dr. Lissama says they are unsubstantiated.”该句表明：关于战机二战时由于燃料不足而编队飞 行的报道并没有得到证明。题干中的“has been documented”与原文中的“they are unsubstantiated” 是矛盾的，故题干表述错误。

SectionIII Translation

  最近，“承受力”成了一个流行词，但对Ted Ning来说，他对其含义有自己亲身的体会。
  在经历了一段无法承受的痛苦生活后，他清楚地认识到，旨在提高承受力的价值观只有通过 每日的行为和抉择才能得到体现。
  Ning 回忆起90年代后期销售保险那困惑的一年。在经历了网络泡沫的膨胀和破灭 后，他急需找到一份工作，因此就与Boulder 公司签了约。
  但情况并不顺利。“这的确是糟糕的一步，因为它激不起我的工作热情”,Ning 说。不出 所料，工作上的进退维谷造成销售业绩不佳。“我很痛苦，愁肠百结，常常在半夜惊醒，望着天 花板发愣。我身无分文，需要这份工作。大家都说，‘等等看，过一段时间情况会好转的。”

Section IV Writing

Part A

Dear Amily,
  I’m writing to extend my heartfelt thanks to you for your warm reception in this cultural exchange program.
  The help from you and your family made it possible that I had a very pleasant stay and a chance to know American culture better.The program becomes one of my most wonderful memories.Moreover,it’s my great honor to make friends with you.Besides,I do hope you can visit china one day so that I could have an opportunity to repay your kindness and refresh our friendship.
  Again,I would like to express my cordial thanks to you.Best wishes to you and your family!
                          Yours sincerely,
                          Zhang Wei

Part B

  In this chart,we can see the mobile-phone subscriptions in developed countries had a steady and slight increase from 2000 to 2007 and then remained constant in 2008. Meanwhile,the mobile-phone subscriptions in developing countries had witnessed a slow increase from 2000 to 2004 and then a great surge from 2004 to 2007:the biggest surge happened from 2005 to 2006.
  In my opinion,there are several factors contributing to the phenomenon above.To begin with,the population of developing countries is far larger than that of developed countries,which means the demand for mobile-phones in developing countries is greater. What’s more,in recent years,with the rapid economic development of developing countries,more and more people can afford a mobile-phone.It has become a necessity in their life.Last but not least,the price of mobile-phone continued to drop greatly in the past years,making phones become increasingly popular.
  To sum up,the mobile-phone service is a promising business.And it will have greater development,as economy grows strongly especially in developing countries.