2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业学位联考英语（二）试题-解析版

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2011 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试

英语(二) (科目代码：204) 考生注意事项

1. 答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生姓名和考生编号；在答题卡指定 位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。
2. 考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。
3. 选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。
4. 填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔或者钢笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。
5. 考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。

Section I Use of English

Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
  The Internet affords anonymity to its users,a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has（1） across the Web.
Can privacy be preserved （2） bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly （3） ?
Last month,Howard Schmidt,the nation’s cyber-czar,offered the federal government a （4） to make the Web a safer place—a“voluntary trusted identity”system that would be the high-tech （5） of a physical key,a fingerprint and a photo ID card,all rolled （6） one.The system might use a smart identity card,or a digital credential （7） to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services.
  The idea is to （8） a federation of private online identity systems.Users could （9） which system to join,and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems.The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license （10） by the government.
  Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these“single sign-on” systems that make it possible for users to （11） just once but use many different services.
   （12） ,the approach would create a“walled garden”in cyberspace,with safe “neighborhoods”and bright“streetlights”to establish a sense of a（13） community.
Mr.Schmidt described it as a“voluntary ecosystem”in which“individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with （14） ,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure （15） which the transaction runs.”
  Still,the administration’s plan has （16） privacy rights activists.Some applaud the approach;others are concerned.It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would （17） be a compulsory Internet“driver’s license”mentality.
  The plan has also been greeted with （18） by some computer security experts,who worry that the“voluntary ecosystem”envisioned by Mr.Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet （19）.They argue that all Internet users should be （20） to register and identify themselves,in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.

1.[A]swept [B]skipped [C]walked [D]ridden
2.[A]for [B]within [C]while [D]though
3.[A]careless [B]lawless [C]pointless [D]helpless
4.[A]reason [B]reminder [C]compromise [D]proposal
5.[A]information [B]interference [C]entertainment [D]equivalent
6.[A]by [B]into [C]from [D]over
7.[A]linked [B]directed [C]chained [D]compared
8.[A]dismiss [B]discover [C]create [D]improve
9.[A]recall [B]suggest [C]select [D]realize
10.[A]released [B]issued [C]distributed [D]delivered
11.[A]carry on [B]linger on [C]set in [D]log in
12.[A]In vain [B]In effect [C]In return [D]In contrast
13.[A]trusted [B]modernized [C]thriving [D]competing
14.[A]caution [B]delight [C]confidence [D]patience
15.[A]on [B]after [C]beyond [D]across
16.[A]divided [B]disappointed [C]protected [D]united
17.[A]frequently [B]incidentally [C]occasionally [D]eventually
18.[A]skepticism [B]tolerance [C]indifference [D]enthusiasm
19.[A]manageable [B]defendable [C]vulnerable [D]invisible
20.[A]invited [B]appointed [C]allowed [D]forced

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Text 1

  Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs’s board as an outside director in January 2000;a year later she became president of Brown University.For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much criticism.But by the end of 2009 Ms.Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman’s compensation committee;how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked?By February the next year Ms.Simmons had left the board.The position was just taking up too much time,she said.
  Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful,yet less biased,advisers on a firm’s board.Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere,they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive’s proposals.If the sky,and the share price,is falling,outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.
  The researchers from Ohio University used a database that covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004.Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next.The most likely reason for departing a board was age,so the researchers concentrated on those“surprise” disappearances by directors under the age of 70.They found that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increases by nearly 20%.The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases,and the stock is likely to perform worse.The effect tended to be larger for larger firms.Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive,it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship.Often they“trade up,”leaving riskier,smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.
  But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks,even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred.Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives.Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms.Simmons,once again very popular on campus.

21.According to Paragraph 1,Ms.Simmons was criticized for ________
[A]gaining excessive profits
[B]failing to fulfill her duty
[C]refusing to make compromises
[D]leaving the board in tough times

22.We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be __________
[A]generous investors
[B]unbiased executives
[C]share price forecasters
[D]independent advisers

23.According to the researchers from Ohio University,after an outside director’s surprise departure,the firm is likely to _______
[A]become more stable
[B]report increased earnings
[C]do less well in the stock market
[D]perform worse in lawsuits

24.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors ______
[A]may stay for the attractive offers from the firm
[B]have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm
[C]are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm
[D]will decline incentives from the firm

25.The author’s attitude toward the role of outside directors is ______
[A]permissive
[B]positive
[C]scornful
[D]critical

Text 2

  Whatever happened to the death of newspapers?A year ago the end seemed near.The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet.Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. America’s Federal Trade Commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers.Should they become charitable corporations?Should the state subsidize them?It will hold another meeting soon.But the discussions now seem out of date
  In much of the world there is little sign of crisis.German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession.Even American newspapers,which inhabit the most troubled corner of the global industry,have not only survived but often returned to profit.Not the 20%profit margins that were routine a few years ago,but profit all the same.
  It has not been much fun.Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007.Readers are paying more for slimmer products.Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs.Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and,sadly for many journalists,they can be pushed further.
  Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses,with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers.American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads.Fully 87%of their revenues came from advertising in 2008,according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation &.Development(OECD).In Japan the proportion is 35%.Not surprisingly,Japanese newspapers are much more stable.
  The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody,but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspapers are least distinctive.Car and film reviewers have gone.So have science and general business reporters.Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off.Newspapers are less complete as a result.But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.

26.By saying“Newspapers like …their own doom”(Para.1),the author indicates that newspapers _____
[A]neglected the sign of crisis
[B]failed to get state subsidies
[C]were not charitable corporations
[D]were in a desperate situation

27.Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because _______
[A]readers threatened to pay less
[B]newspapers wanted to reduce costs
[C]journalists reported little about these areas
[D]subscribers complained about slimmer products

28.Compared with their American counterparts,Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they ___________
[A]have more sources of revenue
[B]have more balanced newsrooms
[C]are less dependent on advertising
[D]are less affected by readership

29.What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business?
[A]Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers
[B]Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspapers.
[C]Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business.
[D]Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews.

30.The most appropriate title for this text would be __________
[A]American Newspapers:Struggling for Survival
[B]American Newspapers:Gone with the Wind
[C]American Newspapers:A Thriving Business
[D]American Newspapers:A Hopeless Story

Text 3

  We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and growth,with soldiers returning home by the millions,going off to college on the G.I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.
  But when it came to their houses,it was a time of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more.During the Depression and the war,Americans had learned to live with less,and that restraint,in combination with the postwar confidence in the future,made small,efficient housing positively stylish.
  Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living.The phrase “less is more”was actually first popularized by a German,the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe,who like other people associated with the Bauhaus,a school of design,emigrated to the United States before World War II and took up posts at American architecture schools.These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture,but none more so that Mies.
  Mies’s signature phrase means that less decoration,properly organized,has more impact than a lot.Elegance,he believed,did not derive from abundance.Like other modern architects,he employed metal,glass and laminated wood—materials that we take for granted today but that in the 1940s symbolized the future.Mies’s sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient,rather than big and often empty.
  The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive,for example,were smaller—two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet—than those in their older neighbors along the city’s Gold Coast.But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings’details and proportions,the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.
  The trend toward“less”was not entirely foreign.In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses—usually around 1,200 square feet—than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.
  The“Case Study Houses”commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts &.Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the“less is more”trend.Aesthetic effect came from the landscape,new materials and forthright detailing.In his Case Study House,Ralph Rapson may have mispredicted just how the mechanical revolution would impact everyday life—few American families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers—but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.

31.The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans’
[A]prosperity and growth
[B]efficiency and practicality
[C]restraint and confidence
[D]pride and faithfulness

32.Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about the Bauhaus?
[A]It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.
[B]Its designing concept was affected by World War II.
[C]Most American architects used to be associated with it.
[D]It had a great influence upon American architecture.

33.Mies held that elegance of architectural design ______
[A]was related to large space
[B]was identified with emptiness
[C]was not reliant on abundant decoration
[D]was not associated with efficiency

34.What is true about the apartments Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive?
[A]They ignored details and proportions.
[B]They were built with materials popular at that time.
[C]They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.
[D]They shared some characteristics of abstract art.

35.What can we learn about the design of the“Case Study Houses”?
[A]Mechanical devices were widely used.
[B]Natural scenes were taken into consideration.
[C]Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.
[D]Eco-friendly materials were employed.

Text 4

  Will the European Union make it?The question would have sounded strange not long ago.Now even the project’s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a“Bermuda triangle”of debt,population decline and lower growth.
  As well as those chronic problems,the EU faces an acute crisis in its economic core,the 16 countries that use the single currency.Markets have lost faith that the euro zone’s economies,weaker or stronger,will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency,which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.
  Yet the debate about how to save Europe’s single currency from disintegration is stuck.It is stuck because the euro zone’s dominant powers,France and Germany,agree on the need for greater harmonisation within the euro zone,but disagree about what to harmonise.
  Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrowing,spending and competitiveness,backed by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects,and even the suspension of a country’s voting rights in EU ministerial councils.It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club,among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour;in the inner core alone, Germany fears,a small majority favour French interference.
  A“southern”camp headed by France wants something different:“European economic government”within an inner core of euro-zone members.Translated,that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers.Finally,figures close to the French government have murmured,euro-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonisation:e.g.,curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.
  It is too soon to write off the EU.It remains the world’s largest trading block.At its best,the European project is remarkably liberal:built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries,its internal borders are far more open to goods,capital and labour than any comparable trading area.It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalisation, and make capitalism benign.
36.The EU is faced with so many problems that ______
[A]it has more or less lost faith in markets
[B]even its supporters begin to feel concerned
[C]some of its member countries plan to abandon euro
[D]it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation

37.The debate over the EU’s single currency is stuck because the dominant powers _______
[A]are competing for the leading position
[B]are busy handling their own crises
[C]fail to reach an agreement on harmonisation
[D]disagree on the steps towards disintegration

38.To solve the euro problem,Germany proposed that ______
[A]EU funds for poor regions be increased
[B]stricter regulations be imposed
[C]only core members be involved in economic co-ordination
[D]voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed

39.The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that ______
[A]poor countries are more likely to get funds
[B]strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countries
[C]loans will be readily available to rich countries
[D]rich countries will basically control Eurobonds

40.Regarding the future of the EU,the author seems to feel ________
[A]pessimistic
[B]desperate
[C]conceited
[D]hopeful

Part B

Directions:
Read the following text and decide whether each of the statements is true or false.Choose T if the statement is true or F if the statement is not true.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)

  Leading doctors today weigh in on the debate over the government’s role in promoting public health by demanding that ministers impose“fat taxes”on unhealthy food and introduce cigarette-style warnings to children about the dangers of a poor diet.
  The demands follow comments made last week by the health secretary,Andrew Lansley, who insisted the government could not force people to make healthy choices and promised to free businesses from public health regulations.
  But senior medical figures want to stop fast-food outlets opening near schools,restrict advertising of products high in fat,salt or sugar,and limit sponsorship of sports events by fast-food producers such as McDonald’s.
  They argue that government action is necessary to curb Britain’s addiction to unhealthy food and help halt spiraling rates of obesity,diabetes and heart disease.Professor Terence Stephenson,president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health,said that the consumption of unhealthy food should be seen to be just as damaging as smoking or excessive drinking
  “Thirty years ago,it would have been inconceivable to have imagined a ban on smoking in the workplace or in pubs,and yet that is what we have now.Are we willing to be just as courageous in respect of obesity?I would suggest that we should be,”said the leader of the UK’s children’s doctors.
  Lansley has alarmed health campaigners by suggesting he wants industry rather than government to take the lead.He said that manufacturers of crisps and candies could play a central role in the Change4Life campaign,the centrepiece of government efforts to boost healthy eating and fitness.He has also criticised the celebrity chef Jamie Oliver’s high-profile attempt to improve school lunches in England as an example of how“lecturing”people was not the best way to change their behaviour.
  Stephenson suggested potential restrictions could include banning TV advertisements for foods high in fat,salt or sugar before 9 pm and limiting them on billboards or in cinemas.“If we were really bold,we might even begin to think of high-calorie fast food in the same way as cigarettes—by setting strict limits on advertising,product placement and sponsorship of sports events,”he said.
  Such a move could affect firms such as McDonald’s,which sponsors the youth coaching scheme run by the Football Association.Fast-food chains should also stop offering “inducements”such as toys,cute animals and mobile phone credit to lure young customers, Stephenson said.
  Professor Dinesh Bhugra,president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists,said:“If children are taught about the impact that food has on their growth,and that some things can harm,at least information is available up front.”
  He also urged councils to impose“fast-food-free zones”around schools and hospitals— areas within which takeaways cannot open.
  A Department of Health spokesperson said:“We need to create a new vision for public health where all of society works together to get healthy and live longer.This includes creating a new‘responsibility deal’with business,built on social responsibility,not state regulation.Later this year,we will publish a white paper setting out exactly how we will achieve this.”
  The food industry will be alarmed that such senior doctors back such radical moves,especially the call to use some of the tough tactics that have been deployed against smoking over the last decade.

Section III Translation

46.Directions:
In this section there is a text in English.Translate it into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15 points)

  Who would have thought that,globally,the IT industry produces about the same volume of greenhouse gases as the world’s airlines do—roughly 2 percent of all CO₂emissions?
  Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment.A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO₂,depending on how many attempts are needed to get the “right”answer.To deliver results to its users quickly,then,Google has to maintain vast data centres around the world,packed with powerful computers.While producing large quantities of CO₂,these computers emit a great deal of heat,so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy.
  However,Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements.Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction,but there is much more to be done,and not just by big companies.

Section IV Writing

Part A

47. Directions：

Suppose your cousin Li Ming has just been admitted to a university.Write him/her a letter to
1)congratulate him/her,and
2)give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life
  You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
  Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use “Zhang Wei” instead.
  Do not write the address.(10 points)

Part B

48. Directions：
  Write an essay based on the following chart.In your writing,you should
  1）interpret the chart and
  2）give your comments.
  You should write at least 150 words.
  Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15 points)

答案

Section I use of English

  互联网允许网络用户匿名登录，这对于保护隐私和言论自由来说是一个福音。但也正是匿 名制导致了网络犯罪急剧增加，并使之(1)席卷了整个互联网世界
  在给越来越(3)失去法律控制的互联网世界带来安全和保障的(2)同时，隐私能否得到保护呢?
  上个月，全国网络大亨 Howard Schmidt向联邦政府提出了一个旨在提高网络安全的(4)建议，即建立一个(5)相 当于(6)集实物钥匙、指纹和带照片身份证为一体的高科技“自愿信任身 份识别”系统。该系统可能会使用一种智能识别卡或者一个(7)连接到某特定电脑的数字证书 而且会在一系列在线服务中验证用户的身份。
  这个想法是为了(8)创 立一个私人网络在线身份识别系统联盟。用户可以(9)选择进入哪 个系统，而且只有那些身份已被验证的注册用户才可以使用这些系统。这种方式与需要得到政 府(10)颁发的网络驾照的方式明显不同。
  谷歌和微软等公司已经启用了这种“一次签约”系统，这些系统使得用户只(11)登录一次就 能享用许多不同的服务。
  (12) 实际上，这种方法可能会创造出一个网络世界的“围墙花园”,里面安全的“街区”以及 明亮的“街灯”可营造一种(13)让人信任的社区氛围。
  Schmidt 先生将它描述为一种“自愿型生态系统”,在这个系统中“个体和组织可以(14)放 心地完成网上交易，信任彼此的身份，信任交易(15)赖以进行的网络基础设施”。
  然而，行政部门的计划使隐私权利的活跃分子产生了(16)分歧。一些人对此表示赞同，而 另一些人则表示担忧。显然，这一计划已经朝着(17)最终的强制推行网络“驾照”模式迈出了第 一步。
  这个计划也遭到了一些计算机安全专家的(18)质疑。他们担心 Schmidt 先生设想的“自愿 型生态系统”仍然会使网络的大部分地方(19)易遭受攻击。他们认为就像驾驶员必须凭驾照才 能在公路上行驶一样，所有的网络用户必须(20)强制进行注册以明确身份。
1.答案 A
词义辨析题。空格填入词需能与空格前的主语 that(the explosion of cyber-crime 网络犯罪 急剧增加)构成主谓逻辑，并与空格后的介词短语across the Web构成动宾逻辑。[A]swept(打扫，席卷)可作不及物动词，并能与空格前后内容构成顺畅的逻辑关系，表示“匿名制导致 网络犯罪席卷互联网”,[A] 正确。
2.答案 C
逻辑判断题。本题需重点关注空格后的状语从句，状语从句引导词的选择主要考虑从句与 主句之间的语意关系。空格所在句的主句是 privacy be preserved(隐私得以保护),从句是 bringing safety and securityto a world(给互联网世界带来安全和保障),由此可推断本句是要表 达“在给互联网世界带来安全和保障的同时，隐私能否得到保护呢”,[C]while 意为“在……的 同时，当……的时候”,可表示伴随关系，为正确答案。
3. 答案 B
逻辑判断与词义辨析题。根据第一段的the explosion of cyber-crime(网络犯罪急剧增加) 可知互联网世界是一个法律监管相对缺失的地方，故选项[B]lawless (失去法律控制的) 符合题意。
4.答案 D
词义辨析题。上段提到了网络安全的问题，面对这一问题“Howard Schmidt offered the federal government a to make the Web a safer place”(Howard Schmidt向联邦政府 提出了一个旨在提高网络安全的 ) 。[D]proposal “提议，建议”,和空格前搭配表示 “向联邦政府提出建议”,和空格后不定式搭配表示提议的目的，符合文意，故为正确选项。
5. 答案 D
词义辨析题。本空处于 that 引导的定语从句中，that 指代“voluntary trusted identity”system,在从 句中做主语，would be是从句系动词，空格处是从句表语，对主语进行解释说明。根据以上分析， [D]equivalent“对应物，等同物”可对 system 做出解释(“该系统等同于……”),为正确答案。
6. 答案 B
词义辨析题。空格前的 rolled 是考生需关注的重点，此处 roll 是动词，意为“使混合”,常用 的搭配是roll…into…表示“集……为一体”,[B]into 符合题意。
7.答案 A
语境判断与词义辨析题。根据空格所在句…a digital credential to a specific computer…可 知，空格填入词需与介词to 构成搭配，并能修饰digital credential。link(使关联),常用被动形 式，惯用搭配是 be linked to意为“与……相关”,代入空格理解为“一个连接到某特定电脑的数 字证书”,故[A]为正确答案。
8. 答案 C
语境判断与词义辨析题。空格所在句意为：这个想法是为了 一个私人网络在线身份 识别系统联盟。而由上下文可看出，这种系统之前并不存在，故[C]create “创造，创建” 符合语境。
9. 答案 C
逻辑判断题。空格所在句主语是 users (用户),空格后的宾语是 which system to join(进入 哪个系统),由此推断空格中需要填“选择”等类似含义的词，表示“用户可以选择加入哪个系 统”,只有先选择了，才能使用系统。[C] 正确。
10. 答案 B
词义辨析题。根据空格所在句可知，空格填入词作中心词driver’s license的定语。其逻辑主语 是government(政府),逻辑宾语是driver’s license(驾驶执照),由此推断空格需表示“颁发” 之意，故[B]issued “出版，发表；颁发，签发”为正确答案。
11.答案 D
短语辨析题。根据空格所在句的前半部分Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these“single sign-on”systems(谷歌和微软等公司已经启用了这种“一次签 约”系统)可知，“签约”在本句是比喻用法，指的是用户在注册系统中的注册登记，故空格处 需表示“登录，注册”等类似含义，single 对应 just once,而 sign-on (签约)对应空格填入词， 故[D]log in(登陆)为正确答案，其他选项均不符合题意。
12.答案 B
语境判断与词组辨析题。前文讲的是网站对于用户的注册和管理的问题，而本段讲的是用 户可以获得一个更加安全的环境，即是对前文的进一步说明，[B]in effect(实际上)用于对前 文内容进行进一步阐述说明，为正确答案。
13.答案 A
上下文语境判断与词义辨析题。由前文可知网络用户需要经过身份核查和系统管理，因此 用户可获得一个更加可信任的网络环境，故正确答案为[A]。
14.答案 C
语义辨析题。根据上文提及的“营造让人信任的社区氛围”及下文空格后的 trusting the identities of each other 提示空格中需要填trusting 的近义词表达“信任，相信”等含义，表示 “个体和组织可以放心地完成网上交易”,故[C]with confidence(满怀信心地，放心地)为正 确答案。
15.答案 A
介词辨析题。空格处的介词与其后的从句 which the transaction runs一起作定语修 饰空格前的“infrastructure”, 关系代词which 前面介词的选择取决于先行词的搭配选择， which 指代 infrastructure (基础，基础设施),既为基础，其他物应在其上，该词常接介词on (依赖，在……上),表示交易凭借基础设施而得以进行，故[A] 正确。
16.答案 A
词义辨析题。由下文可以看出，有人对这种方法表示赞同，而有人却比较担心，而“divide”则 恰当地表现出了这一种分歧，故[A] 为正确答案。
17.答案 D
词义辨析题。根据空格所在句中的initiative(开始的，初步的)、toward(朝着……方向)以及 would(将来)可以推知空格的含义应是讨论这个计划“未来的结果或趋势”,[D]eventually “最终，最后”用在文中表示“这一计划已经朝着最终的强制推行网络驾照模式迈出了第一 步”,故为正确答案。
18.答案 A
词义辨析题。空格中需要填入名词，表示电脑安全专家对这份计划的态度或反应，根据下文 电脑安全专家之后的定语从句who worry that…已经明确的说明了他们的态度是worry, 表明他们对此计划持怀疑态度，即答案为[A]。
19.答案 C
语境判断与词义辨析题。空格所在句说明一些电脑安全专家对“voluntary ecosystem”的担 忧，由此可知 that 引导的宾语从句应是消极信息，而“voluntary ecosystem”本来的目的是要 网络安全，由此可以推断出电脑安全专家的担忧是“voluntary ecosystem”网络仍然不安全， 所以空格中需要表示“不安全，容易被侵害”等类似含义，即答案为[C]vulnerable。
20.答案 D
语境分析与词义辨析题。由下文“in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads”可知：“就像驾驶员必须有驾照才能在公路上行驶一样”,这是强制性的，由此 可知此处也应是强制性的，即必须强制“所有的网络用户注册以明确身份”,故答案为[D]。

Section II Reading comprehension：

Part A

Text 1

  Ruth Simmons于2000年1月加入高盛公司董事会，担任独立董事职务；一年后，她成为布朗 大学的校长。在随后的十年间，她身兼两职，且并未招致非议。然而，在2009年末，Simmons女士 开始受到人们强烈抨击；她担任高盛公司薪酬委员会的职位，却怎能在无人注意的情况下轻易发 放如此巨额的奖金呢?到了第二年二月份，Simmons女士便离开了董事会。她说，这个职位占用 了她太多的时间。
  独立董事在董事会中应扮演有益而又相对公正的顾问角色。由于他们在别处已经获得了 财富和名誉，所以他们应该有足够的独立性对首席执行官的提议提出质疑。如果公司经营状 况不佳，股价下跌，独立董事应该结合以往自己平安渡过危机的经验提出建议。
  俄亥俄大学的研究人员研究了一个涵盖1989至2004年间超过10000家公司以及64000 多位独立董事的资料库。接下来他们又简单地核查了委托书，看哪些董事能够连任。(研究发 现)离开董事会最可能的原因是年龄，于是研究人员集中研究了70岁以下“意外”离职的董事 们。他们发现，董事意外离职之后，公司随后不得不重申盈利状况的可能性增加了近20%。被 牵扯到联邦法院所受理的集体起诉案件中的可能性也随之增加，而且公司在股市的表现也会更 糟。公司越大，这种影响越大。尽管独立董事的离任与随后公司业绩下滑之间的相互关系让人 浮想联翩，但这并不意味着独立董事总是在公司危难时弃之不顾。他们常常会“另谋高就”,离 开风险大的小公司跳到规模大的、更加稳定的公司。
  但是，尽管以往的记录显示公司出现不规范行为时，独立董事都在其位，研究人员却认为如 果他们在坏消息传出之前就离职，他们能更轻易地避免名誉受损。如果公司想在艰难时期留住 独立董事，就必须建立激励制度。否则，独立董事都将效仿 Simmons 女士；回归校园后，她又成 了受欢迎的人。
21.答案 B
根据关键词Paragraph 1和 Ms.Simmons was criticized for定位到首段第三句。意为：她 担任高盛公司薪酬委员会的职位，却怎能在无人注意的情况下轻易发放如此巨额的奖金呢? 由此可见她是因背离职责而受到批评，并离开了董事会，故正确答案为[B]。
22.答案 D
根据题干定位到第二段首句。意为：独立董事在董事会中应扮演有益而又相对公正的顾问 角色(helpful,yet biased,advisers)。由此可知，独立董事的身份应是“建议人”。接下来，由 第二句话可知“独立董事在提建议时是独立的(have enough independence)”,结合这两点可 知，独立董事实际上是独立的建议者，故正确答案应为[D]。
23.答案 C
根据题干信息可定位到第三段第四句和第五句，“They found that after a surprise departure,…,and the stock is likely to perform worse.”这两句话给出了公司在独立董事离开后可能出现的三种情况，1)重申盈利状况的可能性增加了近20%;2)被牵扯到联邦法 院所受理的集体起诉案件中的可能性也随之增加；3)公司在股市的表现也会更糟。由此可 见[A] 、[B] 、[D]均不符合题意。[C] 为正确答案。
24.答案 A
根据题干信息定位到最后一段。最后两句指出“如果公司想在艰难时期留住独立董事，就必须 建立激励制度。否则，独立董事都将效仿 Simmons 女士”,由此可以推断，独立董事如果有激 励制度刺激的话，就可能留在公司，attractive offers等同于原文中的 incentives,即答案为[A]。
25. 答案 B
根据题干信息“the role of outside directors”可定位到第二段首句“Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful,yet less biased,advisers on a firm’s board”,讲述独立董事所 扮演的角色是“helpful” 和“less biased”的，这是对独立董事作用的积极评论；其次，文章最后 一段指出“如果公司想在艰难时期留住独立董事，就必须建立激励制度”,这说明独立董事对 于一个公司确实是有用的，否则不会特意建立针对他们的激励制度。因此，作者认为独立董 事所起的作用是积极的，故[B] 为正确答案。

Text 2

  关于报业的消亡究竟发生了什么?一年前，报业衰落似乎就在眼前。经济危机威胁着那些 尚未将注意力转移到互联网上的广告和读者们，要将他们赶出报业。诸如《旧金山编年史》这样 的报纸都在记录着自己的厄运。美国联邦贸易委员会就如何挽救报业展开了一轮讨论：报社应 该转变为慈善机构吗?国家是否应补贴报社?近期该委员会还将召开一次会议。但现在这些 讨论似乎已经过时了。
  放眼全球报业，危机迹象并不明显。德国和巴西的报业已经摆脱了衰退厄运。就连处于全 球工业危机最严重地区的美国报业，也不仅生存了下来，而且还恢复了盈利。尽管利润空间不 是前几年正常盈利时的20%,但至少还是在盈利。
这可不怎么好笑。多家报社通过裁减记者才得以顺利经营。据美国新闻编辑社统计，自 2007年以来全美新闻编辑职位缩减了13500个。报纸内容缩水，售价却在上调。 一些报社甚 至敢拒绝向远郊投递报纸。事实证明这些孤注一掷的做法是正确的，但不幸的是，对于很多记 者来说这会使他们的状况更糟糕。
  随着从读者和广告上获得了更加合理的收入，报业正逐步实现收支平衡。长期以来，美国 报业过度依赖广告收入，这是不正常的。根据经济合作与发展组织的数据，2008年美国报业的 广告收入占总收入的87%。而在日本，这个比例只有35%。因此日本报业更加稳定是不足为奇的。
  这场席卷报业的旋风，无人幸免。但是受创最大的还是最不具特色的报纸。汽车和电影评 论家没有了。科学和一般商业记者也消失了。外国办事处也被残忍地取消了。结果是报纸变 得更加不完整。但是完整性已不再是报纸业的优势了。
26. 答案 D
作者用这句话举例来说明上文所提出的现象，因此答案应该回到上句进行寻找，“A year ago the end seemed near.”(一年前，报业衰落似乎就在眼前)一句提到了报业的状况。因 此，题干所问句子实际是用比喻说法(记录自己的厄运)表明包括《旧金山纪事》在内的报纸 身处绝境，命运堪忧，故[D] 为正确选项。
27.答案 B
由第三段第二句话：Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard.(多家报社通过 裁减记者来渡过难关),可知公司为了节省成本而裁员。下文都是公司节省成本的例子。由此 可见，拒绝向远郊地区投递报纸正是报纸公司为了节省成本而采取的行动，故答案为[B]。
28.答案 C
根据题干关键信息“Japanese newspapers are much more stable”定位到第四段尾句“Not surprisingly …” 。 但因为问的是原因，所以应该从上文寻找：本段第二三句提到“American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads.Fully 87%of their revenues came from advertising in 2008”(美国报业过度依赖广告收入，广告收入占总收入的87%), 第四句又提到日本的数据仅为35%。通过数据比较可知日本报业对广告的依赖度显然比 美国小得多，由此可知日本报业更稳定的原因是“对广告的依赖小”,即答案为[C]。
29. 答案 A
根据最后一段第一句话“but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspapers are least distinctive”可知，“最受重创的是最不具特色的报业”,所以与众不同对 报纸来说是至关重要的，由此可见[A] 为正确答案。
30.答案 A
这是一道文章主旨题，需要把握全文的信息，重点关注文章首尾段落信息。纵观全文，首段 提出“人们曾经对报纸消亡的担忧”;第二段讲“美国报业的复苏”;第三段讲“报业采取的措 施”;第四段讲“报业收入日趋平衡”;第五段讲“报业的变化并非坏事”,所以本文主要探讨的 是在经历了危机之后，报业的复苏和平衡，故[A] 为正确答案。[B] 、[C] 、[D]均不符合题意。

Text 3

  一提到二战后的几十年，我们总是想到一个繁荣和增长的时代。当时数以百万计的士兵返 回家乡，靠《军人安置法案》给的助学金上大学，或在婚姻登记处排队办理结婚手续。
  但说到他们的房子问题，那个时代人们的共识和信仰就是“少即是多”。在大萧条和战争时 期，美国人学会了节衣缩食过活。这种节制以及他们对未来的信心使得小而实用的房子成为当 时绝对的时尚。
  经济状况只是推动实用居住趋势形成的一个诱因。“少即是多”这句话实际上是由德国建筑 师 Ludwig Mies van der Rohe首先推广开的。他和其他Bauhaus建筑学派的人一样，在二战前移 居美国，并在美国多个建筑学院任职。这些建筑师对美国的建筑风格产生了巨大的影响，但无人能及 Mies。
  Mies 的标志性设计意味着轻装修、重布局的效果比复杂装饰更好。他认为，优雅并不源于 丰富。和其他现代建筑师一样，他使用金属、玻璃以及胶合板等材料。这些材料在当今来看是 理所应当的，但在20世纪40年代它们象征着未来。Mies 老到地表达隐藏着这样一个事实：他 所设计的空间都是小而高效的，而不是大而空旷的。
  例如 Mies 建在芝加哥湖岸大道上的那座优雅高楼，公寓的两个房间面积不到1000平方英 尺，比附近那些位于该城市黄金海岸沿线的公寓要小。但是因为它们有通风的玻璃墙、美丽的公 寓景观、典雅的建筑细节和精确的比例——公寓这种类似抽象艺术的建筑风格在当时备受欢迎。
  这种“少”的潮流并非完全来自国外。20世纪30年代Frank Lloyd Wright 就开始建造面积通常在1200平方英尺左右的住房，这比起他在19世纪90年代和20世纪初期设计的那种广 为盛行的两层建筑更适中更高效。
  《加州艺术与建筑》杂志社在1945年到1962年间委托一些才华横溢的现代建筑师们设计的 “样板房”对“少即是多”的趋势再次产生了本土影响。美学效果来源于自然景观、新型材料以及明 快的细节设计。在自己设计的样板房中，Ralph Rapson可能错误地预计了机械革命给人们日常生 活所带来的影响 尽管在美国拥有直升机的家庭屈指可数，但是大部分家庭都用上了烘干机。 但是他认为自给自足的理念既是人们想要的也是不可避免的，这一观点得到了广泛的认同。
31.答案 C
根据题干关键词postwar American housing style定位到第二段第二句：“…that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future,made small,efficient housing positively stylish.”(这种节制以及他们对未来的信心使得小而实用的房子成为当时绝对的时 尚)。由此可知，战后美国的住宅风格反映了美国人的节制与自信，正确答案为[C]。
32. 答案 D
第三段最后一句话“These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture”(这些建筑师对美国的建筑风格产生了巨大的影响，但无人能及 Mies), 此句话中的“these designers”承接上文指代Mies 和与 Bauhaus 有关的建筑师，由此 推出 Bauhaus 对美国建筑有很大影响，故可推出[D] 为正确答案。
33.答案 C
根据题干关键词 elegance 定位到第四段第二句：“Elegance,he believed,did not derive from abundance”(他认为，优雅并不源于丰富),[C] 选项是对原文的同义转述。此外，由该 段最后一句话“the spaces he designed were small and efficient,rather than big and often empty.” 可知Mies 所设计的空间是小而高效的，而不是大而空旷的。故[A] 、[B] 、[D]均可 排除，[C] 为正确答案。
34.答案 D
根据题干信息定位到第五段，第二句话：“But they were popular because of…the architectural equivalent of the abstract art”(但是因为它们有通风的玻璃墙、公寓景观、典雅 的建筑细节和精确的比例 当时备受欢迎的抽象艺术的某些特点，这些公寓广受欢迎), 可知[D] 为正确答案，some characteristics of abstract art 对应 the architectural equivalent
of the abstract art。
35.答案 B
根据题干关键词“the design of the’Case Study Houses’”定位到尾段。再将文中所提到的 细节与四个选项进行比对，发现文章第二句 “Aesthetic effect came from the landscape,new materials and forthright detailing.”(“样板房”的美学效果来源于自然景观、新型材料以及明 快的细节设计),由此可知，[B] 为正确答案。

Text 4

  欧盟能渡过难关吗?若在不久之前有人提这样的问题，人们会感到奇怪。但是现在即使是欧盟 最有力的支持者们也都在谈论欧洲大陆所面临的“百慕大三角”——债务、人口下降和低速增长。
  除了这些长期的困扰，欧盟还面临着经济核心区16个使用单一货币的成员国的严重危机。市场已经失去了信心，它曾经相信欧元区经济体，不论强弱，总有一天会因为单一货币的流通而 走向统一，而这一趋势也使得缺乏竞争力的成员国无法迅速应对货币贬值的问题。
  然而，有关如何保护欧盟统一货币免遭崩溃的讨论陷入了僵局，陷入僵局的原因在于作为 欧元区的主导国家，法国和德国虽然都认为有必要在欧元区进行更多协调，但就协调的内容而 言却存在分歧。
  德国认为必须在借贷、花费及竞争力方面制定更为严格的条例，用准自动制裁方式来惩罚 违规的政府，这样才能拯救欧元。这些措施可能包括威胁冻结穷国及欧盟大项目设立的欧盟基 金，以及暂停一国在欧盟部长级会议上的投票权。德国坚持认为经济协调应涉及全部27个欧 盟成员国，在其中小范围的多数国家实行开放自由市场和严厉的经济制度，德国担心单在最核 心的方面，小范围的多数国家支持法国介入。
  而以法国为首的“南方”阵营却有不同打算：建立欧元核心区成员国内部的“欧洲经济政 府”,即政治家们干预货币政策的制定，凭借低利息借贷通过普通欧洲债或政府财政转账的方式 重新分配欧洲贫富国家之间的财富。最后，与法国政府关系密切的人士私下认为，欧盟成员国 应该就政府财政和社会的和谐达成共识，例如，限制公司税率或用工成本方面的竞争。
  现在认为欧盟衰败还为时过早。它仍然是世界上最大的贸易体。它做得最好的方面在于 其引人注目的开放程度：它建立了一个包括27个穷国和富国的单一市场，其内部各国的边界线 对于商品，资本以及劳工的开放程度远超任何一个具有可比性的贸易区域。它削弱了全球化的 锐气，使资本主义变得仁慈而善良。
36.答案 B
根据题干关键词“The EU is faced with so many problems”定位到首段第二句“Now even the project’s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a‘Bermuda triangle’of debt, population decline and lower growth.”(但是现在即使是欧盟最有力的支持者们也都在谈论 欧洲大陆所面临的“百慕大三角”——债务、人口下降和低速增长)。可知[B] 为正确答案， its supporters对应 the project’s greatest cheerleaders;is faced with so many problems对应 facing a‘Bermuda triangle’of debt,population decline and lower growth。
37.答案 C
根据题干关键信息“the debate…is stuck because”定位到第三段第二句“It is stuck because the euro zone’s dominant powers,France and Germany,agree on the need for greater harmonisation within the euro zone,but disagree about what to harmonise.”(陷入僵局的 原因在于作为欧元区的主导国家，法国和德国虽然都认为有必要在欧元区进行更多协调，但 就协调的内容而言却存在分歧),重点在于 but 之后的内容 “disagree about what to harmonise”(就协调的内容而言却存在分歧),即正确答案为[C]。
38.答案 B
根据题干信息“To solve the euro problem”和“Germany proposed”定位到第四段首句： “Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules…”(德国认为必须制定更为严 格的条例才能拯救欧洲)。[B] 中的stricter regulations 对应 stricter rules,为正确答案。
39.答案 A
根据题干信息“French proposal”定位到第五段，该段指出：以法国为首的“南方”阵营想要建
立由欧元核心区成员国组成的“欧洲经济政府”,以政治干预经济，实现政府低利息借贷方式，重新分配欧洲贫富国家之间的财富。由此可见穷国在这种政策下比之前更可能获得基 金支持，故[A] 为正确答案。
40.答案 D
作者在文章最后一段提出了自己对欧盟未来的看法“It’s too soon to write off the EU.It remains the world’s largest trading block…”在作者看来，现在认为欧盟衰败还为时过早。它仍 然是世界上最大的贸易体。由此可知，作者对欧盟的未来仍心存希望，即[D] 为正确答案。

Part B

  如今，首席医生们就政府在促进公众健康中所起的作用展开激烈讨论，他们要求部长对不 健康食品征收“脂肪税”,并且利用类似香烟的模式来警告孩子们不健康饮食的危险。
  这些要求是在卫生部长Andrew Lansley 上周发表评论之后提出的，他坚持认为政府不应 该强迫人们选择健康食品，并承诺不会让企业受到卫生规定的约束。
  但是资深的医学界人士希望停止在学校附近开快餐店，限制高脂肪、高盐或高糖食品做广 告，并且限制像麦当劳这样的快餐商赞助体育赛事。
  他们认为政府有必要采取行动以抑制英国人对不健康食品的嗜好，并帮助终结肥胖症、糖 尿病、和心脏病发病率的剧增。皇家儿科与儿童健康学院的院长 Terence Stephenson 教授说食 用不健康食品应该被视为与吸烟或者酗酒具有同样危害的行为。
  英国儿科医生的带头人说：“三十年前，人们很难想象在工作场所或者酒吧禁烟，但是现在已 成为现实。在肥胖问题上我们愿意以同样的勇气做斗争吗?我认为我们应该有同样的勇气。”
  Lansley已经向健康运动参与者们发出警告，表示想让企业而不是政府率先行动。他说薯 片和糖果生产商们在“为生命而改变”的运动中起到了核心作用，而该运动是政府努力推动健康 饮食和健身的中心内容。他还批评了名厨Jamie Oliver引人注目的改善英国学校午餐的尝试， 并把后者的努力视作一个案例，以证明“说教”并非是改变人们行为的最好方式。
  Stephenson 建议可行的限制可以包括禁止在晚上9点之前播放有关高脂肪、高盐或高糖 食品的电视广告，并限制该类食品上广告牌或进电影院。他说：“如果我们真得足够勇敢，我们 甚至可以用认识香烟一样的方式来认识高热量的快餐食品，对其广告、产品摆放和体育比赛的 赞助施加严格限制。”
  这样的行动可能会影响到像麦当劳这样的公司，麦当劳一直赞助足协所运作的年轻球员训 练项目。Stephenson 认为快餐连锁店也应该停止给顾客提供玩具、可爱的小动物、手机话费等 “诱饵”来引诱年轻顾客。
  皇家精神病学院院长Dinesh Bhugra 教授说：“如果教导孩子注意快餐对成长的影响，有些 食品是有害的，至少他们可以先获悉这些信息。”
  他还强烈要求市政会在学校和医院周围强制划出“快餐禁区”,在这些区域不得经营外卖餐馆。
  一位卫生部发言人说：“我们需要营造一种新的公众健康观念，全社会齐心协力为健康，并 延长寿命。这包括和商界达成新的“责任协议”,该协议应基于社会责任而不是政府的规定。今 年晚些时候我们将发布一份白皮书，以具体安排我们实现该愿景的措施。”
  食品行业将受到警告，这些资深的医生支持这些激进的行为，特别是号召使用在过去十年 中为反对吸烟而采取的一些强硬的措施。
41.答案 E
根据Andrew Lansley 可定位到第二段和第六段，第二段的内容在选项中没有对应信息，因 此范围缩小到第六段，而第六段的内容与选项[C],[E],[G] 表面上有一定的相关性。选项 E 是对第六段中“He said that manufacturers of crisps and candies could play a central role in the Change4Life campaign”(他说薯片和糖果生产商们在“为生命而改变”的运动中起到 了核心作用，而该运动是政府努力推动健康饮食和健康的中心内容)的精确改写，完全符合。 [C] 是被 Andrew Lansley反对的观点，而[G] 与Andrew Lansley所认为的“industry rather than government to take the lead”有很大的出入，所以排除，因此正确答案是[E]。
42.答案 D
根据Terence Stephenson 可定位到第四段和第七段。第四段中Terence Stephenson认为： “不健康食品的适用应该被视为与吸烟和酗酒同样具有危害的行为”,并且他作为资深医学 专家的代表在第四段出现，是为了支持首段leading doctors 的“introduce cigarette-style warnings to children about the dangers of a poor diet”的观点，因此对应了[D] 。 第七段“If we were really bold,we might even begin to think of high-calorie fast food in the same way as cigarettes—by setting strict limits on…”进一步强化了Terence Stephenson 的观 点。其余选项没有与Terence Stephenson 相对应的信息。
43.答案 C
根据Jamie Oliver 可定位到第六段。Lansley 批评 Oliver 试图改善英国学校午餐的引人注 目的做法，以此证明自己的观点，即“lecturing”(说教)不是改变人们行为的最好方式。这就 从侧面说明了Jamie Oliver认为“lecturing” 是最有效的方式。[C] 中的“effective”是对文中 “best” 的同义替换，即选项[C] 正确。
44.答案 B
根据题干信号词Dinesh Bhugra可定位到第九段和第十段。第十段“He also urged councils to impose“fast-food-free zones”around schools and hospitals—areas within which takeaways cannot open.”(他还强烈要求市政会在学校和医院周围强制划出“快餐禁区”,在 这些区域不得经营外卖餐馆)与[B] 是一致的，其他选项与第九段第十段没有对应项，即[B] 为正确答案。
45.答案 G
根据A Department of Health spokesperson 可定位到第十一段。“A Department of Health spokesperson said:“We need to create a new vision for public health …creating a‘new responsibility deal’with business,built on social responsibility,not state regulation.”(一 位卫生部发言人说：“我们需要营造一种新的公众健康观念，全社会齐心协力造就健康，延长 寿命。这包括和商界达成新的“责任协议”,该协议应基于社会责任而不是政府的规定),与 [G] 是相符的。即[G] 为正确答案。

SectionIII Translation

  谁会想到信息技术行业产生的温室气体总量会与航空业不相上下，约占全球二氧化碳 排放量的2%?
  信息技术行业的许多日常工作对环境造成了意想不到的危害。每用谷歌搜索一次就会 释放出0.2克至7.0克的二氧化碳，释放量的多少取决于使用者需要搜索多少次才能得到 “正确”答案。为了把搜索结果迅速传输给用户，谷歌不得不在全世界范围内建立大型数据 中心，并配备大功率计算机。除了排放大量二氧化碳，这些计算机还释放许多热量，因此数 据中心还需要良好的空调环境，而这又会消耗更多的能量。
  不过，谷歌和其他大型技术供应商已在密切监控其数据中心的工作效率并做出改进。 监控只是减排的第一步，需要做的还有很多，而且这不单单是大公司的事情。

Section IV Writing

Part A

Dear Li Ming,
  Congratulations!I’m absolutely delighted to hear that you have just been admitted to Stanford University.I know there was a lot of competition this year but your hard work and perseverance certainly paid off.
  I’d like to give you several practical proposals on how to prepare for your college life. Firstly,it’s my hope that you will take advantage of the library in your university by reading books outside the college curriculum.Secondly,I believe that free-time should be divided into three main activities:physical exercise,relaxation,and communication with friends and family.
  Wish you further success in your continuing studies and wish you a fruitful college life.
                    Yours sincerely,
                    Zhang Wei

Part B

  What is shown in the column chart above indicates that dramatic changes have taken place in the market share of certain brands in domestic car markets from 2008 to 2009.As can been seen from the chart,from 2008 to 2009 the market share taken by Chinese car brands witnessed a mild increase from 27%to roughly 32%,while cars of Japenese brands dropped dramatically to 25%from 35%of the whole market.However,the American- brand cars stayed stable at about 15%of the market share.
  We can see that Chinese automakershave done a good job in outcompeting their Japanese and American counterparts in 2009.In my opinion,several factors account for this phenomenon. in 2009,Chinese government is enhancing favorable policies to improve domestic automobile production.Meanwhile,we can see that Geely merged with Volve in 2009,which contributes to the increase of home-made automobile market share.Meanwhile,the dishonest words and poor after-sale service of Japanese automobile toward domestic market cheapens their image and finally ruins their reputation.
  To sum up,the Chinese automakers are doing a good job in competing with their Japanese and American counterparts in 2009.I am confident that so long as the whole society make substantial and sustainable efforts,our country will surely be better.