Useful Shell Command

本文介绍了一种通过命令行批量查找并终止Python进程的方法。利用ps、grep和awk等工具组合使用,可以实现快速查找运行中的Python进程,并通过加入kill命令实现一键终止指定进程。此方法适用于系统管理员或开发者进行资源管理和故障排查。
05-27
### Shell Scripting or Shell Commands Shell scripting is a fundamental aspect of Unix-like operating systems, including Linux and macOS. It involves writing scripts that automate repetitive tasks, manage system resources, and interact with other programs. The shell itself serves as both an interactive command interpreter and a scripting language[^1]. #### Special Meanings of Parentheses in Shell Scripts Parentheses `(` and `)` have specific meanings in shell scripting, particularly in bash. They are used for creating subshells, grouping commands, and defining arrays. For example: - **Subshells**: `(command1; command2)` creates a subshell where the commands inside the parentheses are executed in isolation from the main shell environment. - **Command Grouping**: `{ command1; command2; }` groups commands together but does not create a subshell. Note the semicolon after each command and the braces. - **Array Definitions**: `array=(value1 value2 value3)` defines an array named `array` with three elements. When using parentheses literally in commands like `tcpdump`, they must be escaped with a backslash (`\`) so the shell interprets them as literal characters rather than part of its syntax[^1]. ```bash tcpdump \( host 192.168.1.1 \) ``` #### External Programs in Shell Scripts Many useful commands within shell scripts are external Unix utilities rather than built-in shell commands. Some common external utilities include: - `tr`: Translating or squeezing characters. - `grep`: Searching files for lines that match patterns. - `expr`: Evaluating expressions. - `cut`: Removing sections from each line of files. Built-in commands such as `echo`, `test`, and `which` are often directly integrated into the shell, providing faster execution without invoking an external process[^2]. #### Identifying Directories and Executables The `ls` command can help identify directories and executable programs. By using the `-F` flag, `ls` appends a `/` to directory names and a `*` to executable program names. This feature aids in quickly distinguishing between different types of files when navigating or scripting in the shell[^3]. ```bash ls -F /path/to/directory ```
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