本文介绍了组播技术的基本概念，包括其在网络中实现高效一对多通信的原理。详细解释了IP组播如何通过路由器创建最优路径来减少网络负载，并讨论了组播在数据链路层的应用，如以太网组播地址分配等。
Multicast addressing is a network technology for the delivery of information to a group of destinations simultaneously using the most efficient strategy to deliver the messages over each link of the network only once, creating copies only when the links to the multiple destinations split.
The word "multicast" is typically used to refer to IP multicast which is often employed for streaming media and Internet television applications. In IP multicast the implementation of the multicast concept occurs at the IP routing level, where routers create optimal distribution paths for datagrams sent to a multicast destination address spanning tree in real-time. At the Data Link Layer, multicast describes one-to-many distribution such as Ethernet multicast addressing, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) point-to-multipoint virtual circuits or Infiniband multicast.
IP multicast is a technique for one-to-many communication over an IP infrastructure in a network. It scales to a larger receiver population by not requiring prior knowledge of who or how many receivers there are.
Key concepts in IP multicast include an IP multicast group address [1], a multicast distribution tree and receiver driven tree creation.
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