Java This 关键字_this in java-优快云博客

本文详细介绍了Java中this关键字的作用和使用场景，包括区分实例变量和局部变量、在方法中引用当前类实例、作为参数传递以及在构造器中的应用。通过示例代码展示了this如何消除变量混淆，以及在不同情况下如何正确使用。

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This key word in Java

A lot of people must know how to use “this” in java programming, but do they really know what exact This is and why does it exist ?

1 - Why we need to use “This” in java?

class Student{
	int number;
	int age;// two instance variables
	public void setStudent(int number, int age){// two arguments
		number = number;
		age = age;
	}
	public void display(){
		System.out.println(number);
		System.out.println(age);
	}
	public void main(String[] args){
		Student s = new Student(123, 18);
		s.display();
	}
}
result: 0
        0

In the setStudent method, two arguments are declared as number and age.
In the Student class, two instance variables are named as number and age.
When the code are executed, the compiler gets confused. whether the left side of operator is instance variable or local variable. So, it will not set the data to number and age when the setStudent method is called.

So we need to use this key word to remove confusion between instance variables and local variables. (using this to refer to instance variables of a method or constructor)

2 - How to use this in java ?

1) using this to refer instance variable of current class.

eg 1.

class Student{
	int number = 100;// instance variable
	int age = 100;
	public void show(){
		System.out.println(this.number);// or number 
		System.out.println(this.age);// or age
    }
    public static void main(String[] args){
		Student s = new Student();
		s.show();
	}
}
result: 100
		100

eg 2.

class Student{
	int number = 100;// instance variable
	int age = 100;
	public void setStudent(int number, int age){
		this.number = number;// left this.number is instance variable in student class, right number is the argument that was given in main class
		this.age = age;
	}
	public void show(){
		System.out.println(this.number);// or number 
		System.out.println(this.age);// or age
    }
    public static void main(String[] args){
		Student s = new Student(1, 1);
		s.show();
	}
}
result: 1
		1

2）using this to pass method as an argument

class Student{
	int number = 100;// instance variable
	public void setStudent(int number){
		this.number = number; 
		this.display();
	}
	public void show(){
		System.out.println(this.number);
    }
    public void display(){
		System.out.println("invoking display method");
	}
    public static void main(String[] args){
		Student s = new Student(1);
		s.show();
	}
}
result: invoking display method
		1

3) using "this()"invoking current constructor

class Student{
	student(){
		System.out.println("invoking first constructor");
	}
	student(int number){
		this();
		Sytem.out.println(number);
	}
	public static void main(String[] args){
		Student s = new Student(100);
	}
}
result: invoking first constructor 
		100

4) using this to return the current class instance （passing the class instance）

class Student{
	void print(){
		System.out.println(this);
	}
	public static void main(String[] args){
		Student s = new Student();
		System.out.println(s);
		s.print();
	}
}
result: Student@1540e19d (class instance ID)
		Student@1540e19d

class Person{
	void mom(Person p){
		System.out.println("invoking mom method");
	}
	void dad(){
		mom(this);
	}
	public static void main(String[] args){
		Person p = new Person();
	    p.dad();
	}
}
result: invoking mom method