.NET 调用 Win32 API

原文地址:http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/9714/Win32-API-C-to-NET

.NET 调用 API 声明格式

VB.NET

Declare Function <Name> Lib <dll name> <Optional fields> (<params>) As <return type>

' Example:
Declare Function FormatMessage Lib "kernel32" Alias "FormatMessageA"(_
 ByVal dwFlags As Integer, ByRef lpSource As Object, _
 ByVal dwMessageId As Integer, ByVal dwLanguageId As Integer, _
 ByVal lpBuffer As String, ByVal nSize As Integer, _
 ByRef Arguments As Integer) As Integer

C#

[DllImport("<dll name>", <optional fields>)]
static extern <return type> <Method name>(<Params>)[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError=true)]

// Example:
static extern int FormatMessageA(int dwFlags, 
    ref object lpSource,
    int dwMessageId,
    int dwLanguageId,
    string lpBuffer,
    int nSize,
    ref int Arguments)

Managed C++ .NET

[DllImport("<Dll name>",<optional fields>)] static <return type> <Function name>( <Params>);

// Example:
[DllImport("KERNEL32.DLL",EntryPoint="MoveFileW", SetLastError=true,CharSet=CharSet::Unicode,ExactSpelling=true, CallingConvention=CallingConvention::StdCall)]
static bool MoveFile(String^ src, String^ dst);

数据类型转换表: C++ 到 .NET

类型	.NET	C++
ATOM	ushort	typedef WORD ATOM;
BOOL	bool, int	typedef int BOOL;
BOOLEAN	bool, byte	typedef BYTE BOOLEAN;
BYTE	byte	typedef unsigned char BYTE;
CALLBACK	delegate	#define CALLBACK __stdcall
CHAR	char	typedef char CHAR;
COLORREF	uint	typedef DWORD COLORREF;
CONST	const	#define CONST const
DWORD	uint	typedef unsigned long DWORD;
DWORDLONG	ulong	typedef ULONGLONG DWORDLONG;
DWORD_PTR DWORD *	uint, IntPtr	typedef ULONG_PTR DWORD_PTR;
DWORD32	uint	typedef unsigned int DWORD32;
DWORD64	ulong	typedef unsigned __int64 DWORD64;
FLOAT	single	typedef float FLOAT;
HACCEL	IntPtr	typedef HANDLE HACCEL;
HANDLE	IntPtr	typedef PVOID HANDLE;
HBITMAP	IntPtr	typedef HANDLE HBITMAP;
HBRUSH	IntPtr	typedef HANDLE HBRUSH;
HCOLORSPACE	IntPtr	if(WINVER >= 0x0400) typedef HANDLE HCOLORSPACE;
HCONV	IntPtr	typedef HANDLE HCONV;
HCONVLIST	IntPtr	typedef HANDLE HCONVLIST;
HCURSOR	IntPtr	typedef HICON HCURSOR;
HDC	IntPtr	typedef HANDLE HDC;
HDDEDATA	IntPtr	typedef HANDLE HDDEDATA;
HDESK	IntPtr	typedef HANDLE HDESK;
HDROP	IntPtr	typedef HANDLE HDROP;
HDWP	IntPtr	typedef HANDLE HDWP;
HENHMETAFILE	IntPtr	typedef HANDLE HENHMETAFILE;
HFILE	int	typedef int HFILE;
HFONT	IntPtr	typedef HANDLE HFONT;
HGDIOBJ	IntPtr	typedef HANDLE HGDIOBJ;
HGLOBAL	IntPtr	typedef HANDLE HGLOBAL;
HHOOK	IntPtr	typedef HANDLE HHOOK;
HICON	IntPtr	typedef HANDLE HICON;
HINSTANCE	IntPtr	typedef HANDLE HINSTANCE;
HKEY	IntPtr	typedef HANDLE HKEY;
HKL	IntPtr	typedef HANDLE HKL;
HLOCAL	IntPtr	typedef HANDLE HLOCAL;
HMENU	IntPtr	typedef HANDLE HMENU;
HMETAFILE	IntPtr	typedef HANDLE HMETAFILE;
HMODULE	IntPtr	typedef HINSTANCE HMODULE;
HMONITOR	IntPtr	if(WINVER >= 0x0500) typedef HANDLE HMONITOR;
HPALETTE	IntPtr	typedef HANDLE HPALETTE;
HPEN	IntPtr	typedef HANDLE HPEN;
HRESULT	int, uint	typedef LONG HRESULT;
HRGN	IntPtr	typedef HANDLE HRGN;
HRSRC	IntPtr	typedef HANDLE HRSRC;
HSZ	IntPtr	typedef HANDLE HSZ;
HWINSTA	IntPtr	typedef HANDLE WINSTA;
HWND	IntPtr	typedef HANDLE HWND;
INT	int	typedef int INT;
INT_PTR	IntPtr	#if defined(_WIN64) typedef __int64 INT_PTR; #else typedef int INT_PTR;
INT32	int	typedef signed int INT32;
INT64	long	typedef signed __int64 INT64;
LANGID	ushort, int	typedef WORD LANGID;
LCID	uint	typedef DWORD LCID;
LCTYPE	uint	typedef DWORD LCTYPE;
LGRPID	uint	typedef DWORD LGRPID;
LONG	int	typedef long LONG;
LONGLONG	long	#if !defined(_M_IX86) typedef __int64 LONGLONG; #else typedef double LONGLONG;
LONG_PTR	IntPtr	#if defined(_WIN64) typedef __int64 LONG_PTR; #else typedef long LONG_PTR;
LONG32	int	typedef signed int LONG32;
LONG64	long	typedef __int64 LONG64;
LPARAM	IntPtr	typedef LONG_PTR LPARAM;
LPBOOL Bool *	IntPtr, bool	typedef BOOL *LPBOOL;
LPBYTE Byte *	IntPtr, byte	typedef BYTE *LPBYTE;
LPCOLORREF	IntPtr, uint	typedef DWORD *LPCOLORREF;
LPCSTR	string, IntPtr, StringBuilder	typedef CONST CHAR *LPCSTR;
LPCTSTR	string, IntPtr, StringBuilder	#ifdef UNICODE typedef LPCWSTR LPCTSTR; #else typedef LPCSTR LPCTSTR;
LPCVOID	IntPtr	typedef CONST void *LPCVOID;
LPCWSTR	string, IntPtr, StringBuilder	typedef CONST WCHAR *LPCWSTR;
LPDWORD	IntPtr, uint	typedef DWORD *LPDWORD;
LPHANDLE	IntPtr	typedef HANDLE *LPHANDLE;
LPINT	IntPtr, int	typedef int *LPINT;
LPLONG	IntPtr, int	typedef long *LPLONG;
LPSTR	string, IntPtr, StringBuilder	typedef CHAR *LPSTR;
LPTSTR	string, IntPtr, StringBuilder	#ifdef UNICODE typedef LPWSTR LPTSTR; #else typedef LPSTR LPTSTR;
LPVOID	IntPtr	typedef void *LPVOID;
LPWORD	IntPtr, ushort	typedef WORD *LPWORD;
LPWSTR	string, IntPtr, StringBuilder	typedef WCHAR *LPWSTR;
LRESULT	IntPtr, int	typedef LONG_PTR LRESULT;
PBOOL	IntPtr, bool	typedef BOOL *PBOOL;
PBOOLEAN	IntPtr, bool	typedef BOOLEAN *PBOOLEAN;
PBYTE	IntPtr, byte	typedef BYTE *PBYTE;
PCHAR	IntPtr, char	typedef CHAR *PCHAR;
PCSTR	string, IntPtr, StringBuilder	typedef CONST CHAR *PCSTR;
PCTSTR	string, IntPtr, StringBuilder	#ifdef UNICODE typedef LPCWSTR PCTSTR; #else typedef LPCSTR PCTSTR;
PCWSTR	string, IntPtr, StringBuilder	typedef CONST WCHAR *PCWSTR;
PDWORD	IntPtr, uint	typedef DWORD *PDWORD;
PDWORDLONG	IntPtr, ulong	typedef DWORDLONG *PDWORDLONG;
PDWORD_PTR	IntPtr, uint	typedef DWORD_PTR *PDWORD_PTR;
PDWORD32	IntPtr, uint	typedef DWORD32 *PDWORD32;
PDWORD64	IntPtr, ulong	typedef DWORD64 *PDWORD64;
PFLOAT	IntPtr, single	typedef FLOAT *PFLOAT;
PHANDLE	IntPtr	typedef HANDLE *PHANDLE;
PHKEY	IntPtr	typedef HKEY *PHKEY;
PINT	IntPtr, int	typedef int *PINT;
PINT_PTR	IntPtr	typedef INT_PTR *PINT_PTR;
PINT32	IntPtr, int	typedef INT32 *PINT32;
PINT64	IntPtr, long	typedef INT64 *PINT64;
PLCID	IntPtr, uint	typedef PDWORD PLCID;
PLONG	IntPtr, int	typedef LONG *PLONG;
PLONGLONG	IntPtr, long	typedef LONGLONG *PLONGLONG;
PLONG_PTR	IntPtr, int	typedef LONG_PTR *PLONG_PTR;
PLONG32	IntPtr, int	typedef LONG32 *PLONG32;
PLONG64	IntPtr, long	typedef LONG64 *PLONG64;
POINTER_32	IntPtr, int	#if defined(_WIN64) #define POINTER_32 __ptr32 #else #define POINTER32
POINTER_64	IntPtr, long	#define POINTER_64 __ptr64
PSHORT	IntPtr, short	typedef SHORT *PSHORT;
PSIZE_T	IntPtr	typedef SIZE_T *PSIZE_T;
PSSIZE_T	IntPtr	typedef SSIZE_T *PSSIZE_T;
PSTR	IntPtr, string, StringBuilder	typedef CHAR *PSTR;
PTBYTE	IntPtr, char	typedef TBYTE *PTBYTE;
PTCHAR	IntPtr, string, StringBuilder	typedef TCHAR *PTCHAR;
PTSTR	IntPtr, string, StringBuilder	#ifdef UNICODE typedef LPWSTR PTSTR; #else typedef LPSTR PTSTR;
PUCHAR	IntPtr, string, StringBuilder	typedef UCHAR *PUCHAR;
PUINT	IntPtr, uint	typedef UINT *PUINT;
PUINT_PTR	IntPtr, uint	typedef UINT_PTR *PUINT_PTR;
PUINT32	IntPtr, uint	typedef UINT32 *PUINT32;
PUINT64	IntPtr, ulong	typedef UINT64 *PUINT64;
PULONG	IntPtr, uint	typedef ULONG *PULONG;
PULONGLONG	IntPtr, ulong	typedef ULONGLONG *PULONGLONG;
PULONG_PTR	IntPtr, uint:	typedef ULONG_PTR *PULONG_PTR;
PULONG32	IntPtr, uint	typedef ULONG32 *PULONG32;
PULONG64	IntPtr, ulong	typedef ULONG64 *PULONG64;
PUSHORT	IntPtr, ushort	typedef USHORT *PUSHORT;
PVOID	IntPtr	typedef void *PVOID;
PWCHAR	IntPtr, string	typedef WCHAR *PWCHAR;
PWORD	IntPtr, ushort	typedef WORD *PWORD;
PWSTR	IntPtr, string, StringBuilder	typedef WCHAR *PWSTR;
SC_HANDLE	IntPtr	typedef HANDLE SC_HANDLE;
SC_LOCK	IntPtr	typedef LPVOID SC_LOCK;
SERVICE_STATUS_HANDLE	IntPtr	typedef HANDLE SERVICE_STATUS_HANDLE;
SHORT	short	typedef short SHORT;
SIZE_T	uint, IntPtr	typedef ULONG_PTR SIZE_T;
SSIZE_T	int, IntPtr	typedef LONG_PTR SSIZE_T;
TBYTE	char	#ifdef UNICODE typedef WCHAR TBYTE; #else typedef unsigned char TBYTE;
TCHAR	char	#ifdef UNICODE typedef WCHAR TCHAR; #else typedef char TCHAR;
UCHAR	char	typedef unsigned char UCHAR;
UINT	uint	typedef unsigned int UINT;
UINT_PTR	UIntPtr, uint	#if defined(_WIN64) typedef unsigned __int64 UINT_PTR; #else typedef unsigned int UINT_PTR;
UINT32	uint	typedef unsigned int UINT32;
UINT64	ulong	typedef usigned __int64 UINT64;
ULONG	uint	typedef unsigned long ULONG;
ULONGLONG	ulong	#if !defined(_M_IX86) typedef unsigned __int64 ULONGLONG; #else typedef double ULONGLONG
ULONG_PTR	IntPtr, uint	#if defined(_WIN64) typedef unsigned __int64 ULONG_PTR; #else typedef unsigned long ULONG_PTR;
ULONG32	uint	typedef unsigned int ULONG32;
ULONG64	ulong	typedef unsigned __int64 ULONG64;
USHORT	ushort	typedef unsigned short USHORT;
USN	long	typedef LONGLONG USN;
VOID	void	#define VOID void
WCHAR	char	typedef wchar_t WCHAR;
WINAPI	参见 CallingConvention 枚举	#define WINAPI __stdcall
WORD	ushort	typedef unsigned short WORD;
WPARAM	IntPtr, uint	typedef UINT_PTR WPARAM;

 

提示

1. 列表中指向某一类型的指针使用前缀表示，例如： DWORD* = PDWORD
2. 某些类型（例如： UIntPtr）不兼容 CLS，所以使用了 IntPtr，你可以根据你实际的情况进行选择
3. 通常在 IDE 中输入“=”号后Intellisense自动弹出的类型是最好的选择
4. 在 COM Interop 中使用字符串时，应当总是使用 WCHAR*，TCHAR* 等等来作为输入；使用 string 或 StringBuilder 作为输出。当你用一个 IntPtr 通过 Marshal.PtrToStructure() 方法来提取所有字符时会需要递增指针，可以使用 pointer +=Marshal.SizeOf(<last object you got back>);
5. 有时数据类型并不需要完全一致，譬如 int 可以用来替换 uint
6. 需要把 IntPtr 转换为 int 或其他类的时候，应使用 Marshal.PtrToStructure() 或 IntPtr 的成员方法
7. 如果你使用的 API 建立在 ANSI 或 Unicode 的基础上，首先应确保选择了正确的API。参见： CharSet 枚举
8. 大多数的 API 可以写成托管类型的声明，但某些需要指针，在 C# 中使用 unsafe 关键字你就能使用指针，另外编译时记得带上 /unsafe 开关
9. 如果想确保 gc 不回收API 调用时使用的 IntPtr，你可以使用 HandleRef 类型
10. 当需要为API定义一个结构时，确保他们带上 StructLayout.Sequential 属性
11. 使用 API 方法传入/传出数组时，先确认是一个指向数组的指针还是一个数组对象，如果是指针你需要先把它转成 IntPtr
12. 列表中多使用 IntPtr 来提取某个类型，有时你可以直接用 ref <datatype> 或 out <datatype>的形式，但是对于char*  你还是要用 IntPr 作为输入，用 ref IntPtr 作为输出
13. 当你定义的函数无法正常工作，并不一定是你的函数定义写错了，这有可能是传入了错误的数据或其他原因
14. 仅在必要时使用 Marshal 及 MarshalAs，某些场合下他们消耗较多的处理时间