安卓 uiautomator设备测试 和选择器~Python详解

1、设备对象

引入uiautomator，获取设备对象<所谓设备对象可理解为：Android模拟器或者真机>

语法：from uiautomator import device as d

d 即为设备对象

1.1、获取设备信息

语法：d.info

返回值：

Python

`{ u``'displayRotation'``: 0,`` ``u``'displaySizeDpY'``: 640,`` ``u``'displaySizeDpX'``: 360,`` ``u``'currentPackageName'``: u``'com.android.launcher'``,`` ``u``'productName'``: u``'takju'``,`` ``u``'displayWidth'``: 720,`` ``u``'sdkInt'``: 18,`` ``u``'displayHeight'``: 1184,`` ``u``'naturalOrientation'``: True``}`

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` { u ` ` 'displayRotation' ` ` : 0 , ` `    ` ` u ` ` 'displaySizeDpY' ` ` : 640 , ` `    ` ` u ` ` 'displaySizeDpX' ` ` : 360 , ` `    ` ` u ` ` 'currentPackageName' ` ` : u ` ` 'com.android.launcher' ` ` , ` `    ` ` u ` ` 'productName' ` ` : u ` ` 'takju' ` ` , ` `    ` ` u ` ` 'displayWidth' ` ` : 720 , ` `    ` ` u ` ` 'sdkInt' ` ` : 18 , ` `    ` ` u ` ` 'displayHeight' ` ` : 1184 , ` `    ` ` u ` ` 'naturalOrientation' ` ` : True ` ` } `

返回值解释如下：

displayRotation 0 代表竖屏 1 代表横屏

currentPackageName 当前的Activity的Package名字

productName 当前设备名称

displayWidth 当前设备屏幕宽度 当 displayRotation 取值为 1 时，也就是说当前是横屏状态时，displayWidth 取值会和 displayHeight 互换

displayHeight 当前设备屏幕高度 当 displayRotation 取值为 1 时，也就是说当前是横屏状态时，displayHeight 取值会和 displayWidth 互换

sdkInt 当前SDK版本

naturalOrientation 当 displayRotation 取值为 1 时，也就是说当前是横屏状态时，取值为False，为竖屏状态时，取值为：True

1.2、点亮或熄灭屏幕(Turn on/off screen)

Python

# Turn on screen d.screen.on() # Turn off screen d.screen.off() # wakeup the device d.wakeup() # sleep the device, same as turning off the screen. d.sleep()

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# Turn on screen d . screen . on ( ) # Turn off screen d . screen . off ( ) # wakeup the device d . wakeup ( ) # sleep the device, same as turning off the screen. d . sleep ( )

检查屏幕状态，关闭OR点亮？

Python

if d.screen == "on": # of d.screen != "off" # do something in case of screen on pass if d.screen == "off": # of d.screen != "on" # do something in case of screen off pass

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if d . screen == "on" :    # of d.screen != "off"      # do something in case of screen on      pass if d . screen == "off" :    # of d.screen != "on"      # do something in case of screen off      pass

1.3、系统常用按键

Python

# press home key d.press.home() # press back key d.press.back() # the normal way to press back key d.press("back") # press keycode 0x07('0') with META ALT(0x02) on d.press(0x07, 0x02)

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# press home key d . press . home ( ) # press back key d . press . back ( ) # the normal way to press back key d . press ( "back" ) # press keycode 0x07('0') with META ALT(0x02) on d . press ( 0x07 , 0x02 )

下面的这些按键也是被支持的，如下：

Next keys are currently supported:

• home #手机Home键
• back #手机返回键
• left #对应键盘上的向右键<-
• right #对应键盘上的向右键->
• up #对应键盘上的向上键
• down #对应键盘上的向下键
• center #选中？
• menu #菜单
• search #查找？
• enter #对应键盘上的Enter键
• delete(or del) #对应键盘上的DEL键 用于删除
• recent(recent apps) #任务切换
• volume_up #声音向上调整
• volume_down #声音向下调整
• volume_mute #静音按键
• camera #拍照
• power #电源键

1.4、与设备交互（单击、长按、滑动(手势密码)、拖拽）

单击屏幕坐标点

Python

# click (x, y) on screen d.click(x, y)

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# click (x, y) on screen d . click ( x , y )

长按屏幕坐标点

Python

# long click (x, y) on screen d.long_click(x, y)

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# long click (x, y) on screen d . long_click ( x , y )

在屏幕上滑动

Python

# swipe from (sx, sy) to (ex, ey) d.swipe(sx, sy, ex, ey) # swipe from (sx, sy) to (ex, ey) with 10 steps d.swipe(sx, sy, ex, ey, steps=10)

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# swipe from (sx, sy) to (ex, ey) d . swipe ( sx , sy , ex , ey ) # swipe from (sx, sy) to (ex, ey) with 10 steps d . swipe ( sx , sy , ex , ey , steps = 10 )

在屏幕上拖拽

Python

# drag from (sx, sy) to (ex, ey) d.drag(sx, sy, ex, ey) # drag from (sx, sy) to (ex, ey) with 10 steps d.drag(sx, sy, ex, ey, steps=10)

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# drag from (sx, sy) to (ex, ey) d . drag ( sx , sy , ex , ey ) # drag from (sx, sy) to (ex, ey) with 10 steps d . drag ( sx , sy , ex , ey , steps = 10 )

1.5、屏幕操作及屏幕方向获取与控制<上述：displayRotation 0 代表竖屏 1 代表横屏>，竖屏分为 natural(自然的，正常的竖屏) 和 upsidedown(倒过来的竖屏)，横屏分为向左和向右两个方向，分别为：left 和 right

设备属性：orientation 可能取得值为：

• natural or n
• left or l
• right or r
• upsidedown or u (can not be set)

说明：在手机设备上，倒过来的屏幕很少见，因此：d.orientation 取值 upsidedown 的可能性几乎没有

Python

# retrieve orientation, it may be "natural" or "left" or "right" or "upsidedown" 获取设备屏幕方向如下： orientation = d.orientation # set orientation and freeze rotation. # notes: "upsidedown" can not be set until Android 4.3. 设置设备屏幕方向如下： d.orientation = "l" # or "left" d.orientation = "r" # or "right" d.orientation = "n" # or "natural"

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# retrieve orientation, it may be "natural" or "left" or "right" or "upsidedown" 获取设备屏幕方向如下： orientation = d . orientation # set orientation and freeze rotation. # notes: "upsidedown" can not be set until Android 4.3.                          设置设备屏幕方向如下： d . orientation = "l" # or "left" d . orientation = "r" # or "right" d . orientation = "n" # or "natural"

锁屏/解除锁屏

Python

# freeze rotation d.freeze_rotation() #锁屏 # un-freeze rotation d.freeze_rotation(False) #解锁

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# freeze rotation d . freeze_rotation ( ) #锁屏 # un-freeze rotation d . freeze_rotation ( False ) #解锁

截屏操作

Python

# take screenshot and save to local file "home.png", can not work until Android 4.2. d.screenshot("home.png")

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# take screenshot and save to local file "home.png", can not work until Android 4.2. d . screenshot ( "home.png" )

打开通知或快速设置

Python

# open notification, can not work until Android 4.3. d.open.notification() # open quick settings, can not work until Android 4.3. d.open.quick_settings()

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# open notification, can not work until Android 4.3. d . open . notification ( ) # open quick settings, can not work until Android 4.3. d . open . quick_settings ( )

注意：（如果notification已经打开了，调用d.open.quick_settings()不会打开快速设置）

等待空闲或窗口更新(Wait for idle or window update)

Python

# wait for current window to idle d.wait.idle() # wait until window update event occurs d.wait.update()

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# wait for current window to idle d . wait . idle ( ) # wait until window update event occurs d . wait . update ( )

2、uiautomator 选择器

选择器是在当前窗口中标识特定的UI对象。可理解为：UiObject对象

目前，在uiautomator中支持以下属性选择器：

Python

text, textContains, textMatches, textStartsWith className, classNameMatches description, descriptionContains, descriptionMatches, descriptionStartsWith checkable, checked, clickable, longClickable scrollable, enabled,focusable, focused, selected packageName, packageNameMatches resourceId, resourceIdMatches index, instance

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text , textContains , textMatches , textStartsWith className , classNameMatches description , descriptionContains , descriptionMatches , descriptionStartsWith checkable , checked , clickable , longClickable scrollable , enabled , focusable , focused , selected packageName , packageNameMatches resourceId , resourceIdMatches index , instance

下面依次进行解读：

2.1、text选择器(支持在uiautomator中Text属性不为空的元素)

例如：

具体用法如下：

Python

d(text="Maps").click() #当然也可以多个属性在一块使用 d(text="Maps",className="android.widget.TextView").click() #或者 d(text="Maps",className="android.widget.TextView",packageName="com.google.android.apps.nexuslauncher").click()

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d ( text = "Maps" ) . click ( ) #当然也可以多个属性在一块使用 d ( text = "Maps" , className = "android.widget.TextView" ) . click ( ) #或者 d ( text = "Maps" , className = "android.widget.TextView" , packageName = "com.google.android.apps.nexuslauncher" ) . click ( )

总之：要尽可能的使用选择器唯一确定一个被选择对象(UiObject)

除了可以进行选择UiObject对象以外，我们亦可以使用选择器设置某些元素的值，如下：

Python

#输入短信目标手机号 d(text="To").set_text("10086") #如果本窗口中有多个text为To的元素，我们也可以使用多属性选择 d(text="To",packageName="com.google.android.apps.messaging").set_text("10086").set_text("10086")

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#输入短信目标手机号 d ( text = "To" ) . set_text ( "10086" ) #如果本窗口中有多个text为To的元素，我们也可以使用多属性选择 d ( text = "To" , packageName = "com.google.android.apps.messaging" ) . set_text ( "10086" ) . set_text ( "10086" )

textContains,textMaches,textStartsWith 分别代表：包含，正则表达式，以XXX开头等

例如：

d(text="Name").set_text("John")

d(textContains="ame").set_text("John")

d(textStartsWith="Nam").set_text("John")

2.2、className,classNameMatches 类选择器 及 description, descriptionContains, descriptionMatches, descriptionStartsWith 描述选择器 及 packageName, packageNameMatches 包选择器 及 resourceId, resourceIdMatches ResId选择器用法和text选择器类似，都可以多属性选择器结合在一起使用。

示例代码如下：

Python

# To seleted the object ,text is 'Clock' and its className is 'android.widget.TextView' d(text='Clock', className='android.widget.TextView') d(description="add new contact").click() d(descriptionContains="new contact").click() d(descriptionStartsWith="add new").click()

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# To seleted the object ,text is 'Clock' and its className is 'android.widget.TextView' d ( text = 'Clock' , className = 'android.widget.TextView' ) d ( description = "add new contact" ) . click ( ) d ( descriptionContains = "new contact" ) . click ( ) d ( descriptionStartsWith = "add new" ) . click ( )

Python

#resourceid选择器 d(resourceId="com.android.contacts:id/menu_save").click() #text选择器 d(textStartsWith="Nam").set_text("John") #描述选择器 d(descriptionContains="new contact").click() #多属性结合 d(text="Name",className="android.widget.EditText").set_text("John") #index选择器和child选择器 d(resourceId="com.android.settings:id/list").child(className="android.widget.LinearLayout", index=2).child(resourceId="android:id/widget_frame").child(resourceId="android:id/switch_widget").click()

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#resourceid选择器 d ( resourceId = "com.android.contacts:id/menu_save" ) . click ( ) #text选择器 d ( textStartsWith = "Nam" ) . set_text ( "John" ) #描述选择器 d ( descriptionContains = "new contact" ) . click ( ) #多属性结合 d ( text = "Name" , className = "android.widget.EditText" ) . set_text ( "John" ) #index选择器和child选择器 d ( resourceId = "com.android.settings:id/list" ) . child ( className = "android.widget.LinearLayout" , index = 2 ) . child ( resourceId = "android:id/widget_frame" ) . child ( resourceId = "android:id/switch_widget" ) . click ( )

在此，说明下child、sibling选择器和index选择器及instance选择器(严格讲instance不是选择器，仅仅只是在输出多个结果的情况下，可以通过索引(下标)进行选择)

首先说明child选择器，sibling选择器：分别可理解为：子选择器(可嵌套)，兄弟姐妹选择器

如上图右边部分，从上到下层次分为四层，最后一层的两个元素可理解为兄弟姐妹，在此，我们如果要选择最下面的那个元素就可以用到child选择器及sibling选择器，当然，本人不建议使用孩子，兄妹选择器，如果能用其他方法实现，建议用其他方法：

在此，我写的方法如下：<没有具体验证，仅仅只是演示>

Python

#孩子选择器及兄弟姐妹选择器的用法：child/sibling d(resourceId="id/pager").child(className="android.widget.FrameLayout").child(resourceId="id/empty_view").child(resourceId="id/empty_image_hint").sibling(packageName="com.google.android.apps.messaging")

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#孩子选择器及兄弟姐妹选择器的用法：child/sibling d ( resourceId = "id/pager" ) . child ( className = "android.widget.FrameLayout" ) . child ( resourceId = "id/empty_view" ) . child ( resourceId = "id/empty_image_hint" ) . sibling ( packageName = "com.google.android.apps.messaging" )

2.3、index选择器及instance，比较容易混淆的两个，一个是选择器，一个代表索引，如下：

index选择器对应uiautomator的index属性，如下：

其用法和text选择器大同小异，不过在此需要指出的是，有些窗体中index取值会发生改变，因此，能不用index选择器的，尽可能不用！

Python

#index选择器 d(className="android.widget.LinearLayout", index=2).click()

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#index选择器 d ( className = "android.widget.LinearLayout" , index = 2 ) . click ( )

instance 的用法：当你的选择器返回的结果不是指向唯一元素时(两个或者多个)，你可以通过instance进行选择。

贺晓聪原文：

Multiple instances

Sometimes the screen may contain multiple views with the same e.g. text, then you will have to use "instance" properties in selector like below:

Python

d(text="Add new", instance=0) # which means the first instance with text "Add new"

1 2	d ( text = "Add new" , instance = 0 )    # which means the first instance with text "Add new"

However, uiautomator provides list like methods to use it.

Python

# get the count of views with text "Add new" on current screen d(text="Add new").count # same as count property len(d(text="Add new")) # get the instance via index d(text="Add new")[0] d(text="Add new")[1] ... # iterator for view in d(text="Add new"): view.info # ...

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# get the count of views with text "Add new" on current screen d ( text = "Add new" ) . count   # same as count property len ( d ( text = "Add new" ) )   # get the instance via index d ( text = "Add new" ) [ 0 ] d ( text = "Add new" ) [ 1 ] . . .   # iterator for view in d ( text = "Add new" ) :      view . info    # ...

2.4、获取选定的UI对象状态及其信息(Get the selected ui object status and its information)

检测特定的UI对象是否存在(Check if the specific ui object exists)

两种写法，如下：

Python

d(text="Settings").exists # True if exists, else False d.exists(text="Settings") # alias of above property.

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d ( text = "Settings" ) . exists # True if exists, else False d . exists ( text = "Settings" ) # alias of above property.

检索特定UI对象的信息(Retrieve the info of the specific ui object)

Python

d(text="Settings").info

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（结果为列表List），如下：

Python

{ u'contentDescription': u'', u'checked': False, u'scrollable': False, u'text': u'Settings', u'packageName': u'com.android.launcher', u'selected': False, u'enabled': True, u'bounds': {u'top': 385, u'right': 360, u'bottom': 585, u'left': 200}, u'className': u'android.widget.TextView', u'focused': False, u'focusable': True, u'clickable': True, u'chileCount': 0, u'longClickable': True, u'visibleBounds': {u'top': 385, u'right': 360, u'bottom': 585, u'left': 200}, u'checkable': False }

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{ u 'contentDescription' : u '' ,    u 'checked' : False ,    u 'scrollable' : False ,    u 'text' : u 'Settings' ,    u 'packageName' : u 'com.android.launcher' ,    u 'selected' : False ,    u 'enabled' : True ,    u 'bounds' : { u 'top' : 385 ,                u 'right' : 360 ,                u 'bottom' : 585 ,                u 'left' : 200 } ,    u 'className' : u 'android.widget.TextView' ,    u 'focused' : False ,    u 'focusable' : True ,    u 'clickable' : True ,    u 'chileCount' : 0 ,    u 'longClickable' : True ,    u 'visibleBounds' : { u 'top' : 385 ,                      u 'right' : 360 ,                      u 'bottom' : 585 ,                      u 'left' : 200 } ,    u 'checkable' : False }

设置/清除字段或编辑文本

Python

d(text="Settings").clear_text() # clear the text d(text="Settings").set_text("My text...") # set the text

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d ( text = "Settings" ) . clear_text ( )    # clear the text d ( text = "Settings" ) . set_text ( "My text..." )    # set the text

执行单击特定的UI对象

Python

# click on the center of the specific ui object d(text="Settings").click() # click on the bottomright corner of the specific ui object 单击右下方 d(text="Settings").click.bottomright() # click on the topleft corner of the specific ui object 单击左上方 d(text="Settings").click.topleft() # click and wait until the new window update 单击并等待窗体响应 d(text="Settings").click.wait()

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# click on the center of the specific ui object d ( text = "Settings" ) . click ( ) # click on the bottomright corner of the specific ui object  单击右下方 d ( text = "Settings" ) . click . bottomright ( ) # click on the topleft corner of the specific ui object   单击左上方 d ( text = "Settings" ) . click . topleft ( ) # click and wait until the new window update  单击并等待窗体响应 d ( text = "Settings" ) . click . wait ( )

长时间点击特定的ui对象，双击？

Python

# long click on the center of the specific ui object d(text="Settings").long_click() # long click on the bottomright corner of the specific ui object 右下角 d(text="Settings").long_click.bottomright() # long click on the topleft corner of the specific ui object 左上角 d(text="Settings").long_click.topleft()

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# long click on the center of the specific ui object d ( text = "Settings" ) . long_click ( ) # long click on the bottomright corner of the specific ui object 右下角 d ( text = "Settings" ) . long_click . bottomright ( ) # long click on the topleft corner of the specific ui object 左上角 d ( text = "Settings" ) . long_click . topleft ( )

将UI对象拖动到另一点

Python

# notes : drag can not be set until Android 4.3. # drag the ui object to point (x, y) d(text="Settings").drag.to(x, y, steps=100) # drag the ui object to another ui object(center) 拖拽到text='Clock'的对象位置上 d(text="Settings").drag.to(text="Clock", steps=50)

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# notes : drag can not be set until Android 4.3. # drag the ui object to point (x, y) d ( text = "Settings" ) . drag . to ( x , y , steps = 100 ) # drag the ui object to another ui object(center)  拖拽到text='Clock'的对象位置上 d ( text = "Settings" ) . drag . to ( text = "Clock" , steps = 50 )

滑动UI对象

滑动分为四个方向：left ,right,top ,bottom 即：左滑动 右滑动 上滑动 及向下滑动

Python

d(text="Settings").swipe.right() d(text="Settings").swipe.left(steps=10) d(text="Settings").swipe.up(steps=10) d(text="Settings").swipe.down()

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d ( text = "Settings" ) . swipe . right ( ) d ( text = "Settings" ) . swipe . left ( steps = 10 ) d ( text = "Settings" ) . swipe . up ( steps = 10 ) d ( text = "Settings" ) . swipe . down ( )

Two point gesture from one point to another

Python

d(text="Settings").gesture((sx1, sy1), (sx2, sy2)) .to((ex1, ey1), (ex2, ey2))

1 2	d ( text = "Settings" ) . gesture ( ( sx1 , sy1 ) , ( sx2 , sy2 ) ) . to ( ( ex1 , ey1 ) , ( ex2 , ey2 ) )

Two point gesture on the specific ui object

Supports two gestures:

• In, from edge to center
• Out, from center to edge

Python

# notes : pinch can not be set until Android 4.3. # from edge to center. here is "In" not "in" d(text="Settings").pinch.In(percent=100, steps=10) # from center to edge d(text="Settings").pinch.Out()

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# notes : pinch can not be set until Android 4.3. # from edge to center. here is "In" not "in" d ( text = "Settings" ) . pinch . In ( percent = 100 , steps = 10 ) # from center to edge d ( text = "Settings" ) . pinch . Out ( )

3 point gesture

Python

d().gestureM((sx1, sy1), (sx2, sy2),(sx3, sy3)) \ .to((ex1, ey1), (ex2, ey2),(ex3,ey3)) d().gestureM((100,200),(300,200),(600,200),(100,600),(300,600),(600,900))

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d ( ) . gestureM ( ( sx1 , sy1 ) , ( sx2 , sy2 ) , ( sx3 , sy3 ) ) \                    . to ( ( ex1 , ey1 ) , ( ex2 , ey2 ) , ( ex3 , ey3 ) ) d ( ) . gestureM ( ( 100 , 200 ) , ( 300 , 200 ) , ( 600 , 200 ) , ( 100 , 600 ) , ( 300 , 600 ) , ( 600 , 900 ) )

等到特定的UI对象出现或消失

Python

# wait until the ui object appears d(text="Settings").wait.exists(timeout=3000) # wait until the ui object gone d(text="Settings").wait.gone(timeout=1000)

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# wait until the ui object appears d ( text = "Settings" ) . wait . exists ( timeout = 3000 ) # wait until the ui object gone d ( text = "Settings" ) . wait . gone ( timeout = 1000 )

在具体的UI对象执行甩（滚动）Perform scroll on the specific ui object(scrollable)

Possible properties:

• horiz or vert
• forward or backward or toBeginning or toEnd

Python

# fling forward(default) vertically(default) d(scrollable=True).fling() # fling forward horizentally d(scrollable=True).fling.horiz.forward() # fling backward vertically d(scrollable=True).fling.vert.backward() # fling to beginning horizentally d(scrollable=True).fling.horiz.toBeginning(max_swipes=1000) # fling to end vertically d(scrollable=True).fling.toEnd()

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# fling forward(default) vertically(default) d ( scrollable = True ) . fling ( ) # fling forward horizentally d ( scrollable = True ) . fling . horiz . forward ( ) # fling backward vertically d ( scrollable = True ) . fling . vert . backward ( ) # fling to beginning horizentally d ( scrollable = True ) . fling . horiz . toBeginning ( max_swipes = 1000 ) # fling to end vertically d ( scrollable = True ) . fling . toEnd ( )

Perform scroll on the specific ui object(scrollable)-在具体的UI对象执行甩（滚动）

Possible properties:

• horiz or vert
• forward or backward or toBeginning or toEnd, or to

Python

# scroll forward(default) vertically(default) d(scrollable=True).scroll(steps=10) # scroll forward horizentally d(scrollable=True).scroll.horiz.forward(steps=100) # scroll backward vertically d(scrollable=True).scroll.vert.backward() # scroll to beginning horizentally d(scrollable=True).scroll.horiz.toBeginning(steps=100, max_swipes=1000) # scroll to end vertically d(scrollable=True).scroll.toEnd() # scroll forward vertically until specific ui object appears d(scrollable=True).scroll.to(text="Security")

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# scroll forward(default) vertically(default) d ( scrollable = True ) . scroll ( steps = 10 ) # scroll forward horizentally d ( scrollable = True ) . scroll . horiz . forward ( steps = 100 ) # scroll backward vertically d ( scrollable = True ) . scroll . vert . backward ( ) # scroll to beginning horizentally d ( scrollable = True ) . scroll . horiz . toBeginning ( steps = 100 , max_swipes = 1000 ) # scroll to end vertically d ( scrollable = True ) . scroll . toEnd ( ) # scroll forward vertically until specific ui object appears d ( scrollable = True ) . scroll . to ( text = "Security" )

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