python basics--装饰器

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本文深入探讨了Python装饰器的使用，包括最简单的装饰器、目标函数带参数的装饰器、目标函数带有不固定参数的装饰器以及装饰器带参数的情况。通过实例展示了如何使用装饰器来动态扩展函数的功能，同时保持原有函数的定义不变。

装饰器

装饰器

装饰器用于动态地为函数扩展功能，同时不改变原本的函数定义

最简单的装饰器

import time

def decorator(fun):
    def wrapper():
        start=time.time()
        fun()
        runtime=time.time()-start
        print(runtime)
    return wrapper

@decorator
def do_something():
    print('play games!')
    

do_something()

play games!
0.0004916191101074219

目标函数带参数的装饰器

import time

def decorator(func):
    def wrapper(name):
        start=time.time()
        func(name)
        runtime=time.time()-start
        print(runtime)
    return wrapper


@decorator
def fun(name):
    print('play {} game'.format(name))
    

fun('video')

play video game
0.0004968643188476562

目标函数带有不固定参数的装饰器

import time

def decorator(func):
    def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):
        start=time.time()
        func(*args,**kwargs)
        runtime=time.time()-start
        print(runtime)
    return wrapper

@decorator
def fun1(name):
    print('play {} game'.format(name))
    

@decorator
def fun2(user,name):
    print('{} plays {} game'.format(user,name))
    
    
@decorator
def fun3(user, name, fre):
    print('{} plays {} game {} times a day'.format(user,name,fre))
    
    
fun1('video')

play video game
0.0004992485046386719

fun2('bob','video')

bob plays video game
0.0004944801330566406

fun3('bob','video','3')

bob plays video game 3 times a day
0.0004956722259521484

装饰器带参数

让目标函数执行指定次数

import time

def decorator(max):
    def decorator(func):
        def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):
            start=time.time()
            for i in range(max):
                func(*args,**kwargs)
            runtime=time.time()-start
            print(runtime)
        return wrapper
    return decorator


@decorator(3)
def fun(name):
    print('play {} games'.format(name))
    
    
fun('video')

play video games
play video games
play video games
0.0004942417144775391