RHCE笔记整理－RH033.Unit3--Filesystem

1. Linux File Hierarchy Concepts

2. Some Important  Directories

• The home directory

• • /root  /home/username

•  The bin directories

  • /bin,/user/bin,/usr/local/bin    常用执行文件

  • /sbin, /user/sbin, /usr/local/sbin    系统管理可执行文件

• Foreign filesystem mountpoints

  • /mnt  amd /media

1. 3.Other Important Directories

• /etc --system config files

• /tmp

• /boot --kernel and bootloader

• /dev --device

• /usr --Programs

• Lost+found --遗失的片段

• /var --存放经常变动的文件，如：log,email

• /srv --存放目前所有和server有关的服务

• /proc --反应kernel的环境，是虚拟的目录，不占用任何磁盘空间

• The lib directories

• /lib,/usr/lib,/usr/local/lib

4. Current Working Directory (CWD)

Usage: pwd

5. File and Directory Names (文件命名规则）

• Less than 255 characters

• all characters are valid,except the “/”,若用空格等特殊字符作为文件名，必须用引号把这个字符括起来

• Names are case-sensitive(大小写是敏感的）例如：Mail,mail mAil,是不同的文件

6. Absolute Pathnames (绝对路径）

• Begin with a slash(/)

• Complete “road map” to file location
  //为文件位置作指向

• Can be used anytime you wish to specify a file name

7. Relative Pathname

• Don't begin with a slash(/)

• specify location relative to your current working directory

• Can be used as a thort way to specify a file

8. Change Directory

• command: cd

9. Listing Directory Concents

• 查看当前目录本身的属性：ls -ld

10. Copying Files and Directories

• Usage:

cp [options] file destination

• More than one files may be copied at a time if the destination is a directory

cp [options] file1 file2 destination

• cp技巧：

cp -p file dest 保持文件拷贝前的时间

11. Linux Copying Files and Directories //linux中复制行为是怎么动作的

• If destination exists and is a file ,the copy overwrite the destination file

• If the destination is a directory,and is exists,the copy is placed there with the same name

• If the destination doesn't exist,the copy is created with that name

14. Creating and Removing Files

• rm -- remove files

• Usage

rm [options] file

• -i --interactive(确认信息）

• -r --删除目录时必用选项

• -f --force

• Redhat 中，rm在普通用户下使用时，默认不带-i参数，在root用户下使用时，默认会带-i参数

• touch create files

若所要建立的文件已在存在，则会改变文件的修改时间，不会改变其内容。 15. Creating and Removing Directory

• mkdir --create directory

• rmdir --remove an empty directory

• rm -r --remove a directory

16. Using Nautilus

• Gnome Graphical filesystem browser

• Can run in “spatial” and “Browser” mode

• Spatial --open directory in each window

• Browser --open all directories in one window

18. Ceterming File Content

• File can contain many types of data

• syntax

file [options] filenames

20. Viewing Text Page by Page

• syntax:

less [options] filename

• Uage:

• /text --search

• n/N --next/previous match

• v --open file in text editor

• space -next page

• b --previous page

• Ctrl+d --next falf page

• Ctrl+u --previous half page

• g --to top of the file

• G --to bottom of the file

• /text --find text downward

• ?text --find text forward

• v --editor mode

• q --quit