搭建lnmp--201906

1. yum安装基础包
   1. yum -y install vim gcc gcc-c++ bison bison-devel zlib-devel libmcrypt-devel mcrypt mhash-devel openssl openssl-devel libxml2-devel libcurl-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel readline-devel libedit-devel sqlite-devel libpng-devel libjpeg-devel freetype freetype-devel cyrus-sasl-md5 iptables-services git glibc-headers build-essentia autoconf
2. 防火墙问题
   1. getenforce     查看SELinux的当前状态
      setenforce 0        临时关闭SELinux 
      vim /etc/selinux/config    SELINUX=enforcing 改成  SELINUX=disabled      重启服务器生效
   2. centos默认使用firewalld所以要先关闭
      systemctl stop firewalld    停止
      systemctl mask firewalld    禁用
      systemctl disable firewalld    禁止开机启动
   3. iptables相关(云服务器要先设置好安全组)
      iptables -L -n  查看防火墙规则
      service iptables status 或者 systemctl start iptables  查看防火墙状态
      service iptables start 或者 systemctl start iptables  开启
      services iptables stop 或者 /etc/init.d/iptables stop 或者 systemctl stop iptables  关闭防火墙
      systemctl restart iptables 重启
      systemctl reload iptables 重载
      systemctl enable iptables 设置开机启动
   4. 配置端口
      iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT   向规则链中添加80端口
      iptables -D INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT   向规则链中删除80端口
      service iptables save 保存上面的端口修改到规则链
      service iptables restart 生效
      或者vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables打开规则链直接写入-A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
   5. 可能报错
      Job for iptables.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status iptables.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
      添加433端口:
      iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT
      service iptables save
      systemctl restart iptables.service
3. 安装软件
   本文所有源码包都下载到/usr/local/src/文件下了,也统一使用tar -zxvf解压在该文件夹下
   例:
   cd /usr/local/src  进入目录
   ls    查看文件,返回nginx-1.17.0.tar.gz
   tar -zxvf nginx-1.17.0.tar.gz   解压 
   ls     查看,返回nginx-1.17.0.tar.gz,nginx-1.17.0
   cd nginx-1.17.0   进入文件
   软件都安装在/usr/local/下,nginx就在/usrlocal/nginx里,安装目录名一般不加版本号
    
4. nginx
   1.  cd nginx-1.17.0
   2.  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx --conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock --user=root --group=root --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/ --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi --with-pcre
   3.  make && make install
   4.  vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
      去掉一下#号
      log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                                '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                                '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
      access_log  logs/access.log  main;
      location / {
              root   html;
              index index.php index.html index.htm;
      }
      顺便配好php的项目位置
      location ~ \.php$ {
              root           /home/www/;                #php项目都放这里
              fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
              fastcgi_index  index.php;
              fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
              include        fastcgi_params;
              include fastcgi.conf;
          }
      项目重定向问题
          例www.test.com/about/index.php $uri=/about
          location / {
              # 重新向所有非真实存在的请求到index.php
              try_files $uri $uri/ /$uri/index.php$args; 配多个项目
              #try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$args; 配单个项目
          }
   5. 设置nginx
      cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin
      ./nginx 开启nginx
      ./nginx -s reload 重新载入配置文件
      ./nginx -s reopen 重启
      ./nginx -s stop 关闭
      /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
      /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t 查看配置是否正确
      
      netstat -apn|grep 80 查看80端口进程
      netstat -ntpl 查看端口
      netstat -lntup   查看所有tcp端口监听
      ps aux|grep nginx
      ps -A　查看所有进程
      ps -ef|grep nginx 列出进程列表
      kill -9 10790 //进程号(杀死占用80端口的进程)
      
      设置开机启动
      vim /etc/rc.local
      加一行 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
      //加一行 /usr/local/sbin/php-fpm
      chmod 755 /etc/rc.local
5. cmake(安装cmake.x.x用来编译mysql8.x.x)
   1. cd cmake-3.15.0-rc1
   2. ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/cmake
   3. gmake && make install
   4.  加环境变量
      vim /etc/profile  修改用户环境变量
      export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/cmake/bin  $PATH是原有变量,新的加在后面就行
      source /etc/profile   执行后生效
      或者
      vim /etc/environment 修改系统环境变量
      PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/usr/local/cmake/bin"
      重启系统生效(cmake加在后面即可)
6. gcc最高版本(yum安装的版本太低编译不了mysql8.x.x)(gcc要编译很久,大概1~2小时吧,出去放松一下吧)
   1. http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-9.1.0/   首先下载高版本的gcc源码包
   2. cd gcc-9.1.0
   3. ./contrib/download_prerequisites 安装四个必要文件(我这里没成功,去步骤4手动下载安装了)
      要是成功了就cd gcc-9.1.0
      mkdir build
      cd build
      ../configure --prefix=/usr/local/gcc --enable-threads=posix --disable-checking --disable-multilib --enable-languages=c,c++
      make && make install
   4. ftp://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/   手动下载安装四个必要文件
      gmp-6.1.0.tar.bz2
      mpfr-3.1.4.tar.bz2
      mpc-1.0.3.tar.gz
      isl-0.18.tar.bz2  (没用到呢)
   5. 进行安装(按顺序)
      tar -jxvf gmp-6.1.0.tar.bz2
      ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/gmp
      make && make install
      
      tar -jxvf mpfr-3.1.4.tar.bz2
      ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mpfr --with-gmp=/usr/local/gmp
      make && make install
      
      tar -zxvf mpc-1.0.3.tar.gz
      ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mpc --with-gmp=/usr/local/gmp --with-mpfr=/usr/local/mpfr
      make && make install
      
      tar -zxvf gcc-9.1.0.tar.gz
      ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/gcc --enable-threads=posix --disable-checking --disable-multilib --enable-languages=c,c++ --with-gmp=/usr/local/gmp --with-mpfr=/usr/local/mpfr --with-mpc=/usr/local/mpc
      make && make install
   6. 配置环境变量
      which gcc 或者 gcc -v 查看gcc位置和版本,如果不是最新版就设置环境变量顺序
      vim /etc/environment 修改环境变量
      把/usr/local/gcc/bin加在/usr/bin前面
      重启系统生效
      或者
      vim /etc/profile
      export PATH=/usr/local/gcc/bin:$PATH
      source /etc/profile
      which gcc 查看结果
7. mysql(坑最多,编译时间也很长,大概4~5小时吧可能)
   1. cd mysql-8.0.16
   2. mkdir build
   3. cd build   需要在这里进行编译安装操作
   4. cmake .. -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
      -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
      -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
      -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=ON \
      -DWITH_INNODB_MEMCACHED=ON \
      -DWITH_SSL=system \
      -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
      -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
      -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
      -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
      -DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
      -DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
      -DCOMPILATION_COMMENT="zsd edition" \
      -DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 \
      -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/src/mysql \
      -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/data/mysqldata/3306/mysql.sock \
      -DSYSCONFDIR=/data/mysqldata/3306
   5. cmake会报错WARNING "Could not find devtoolset gcc"  GCC 5.3 or newer is required (-dumpversion says 4.8.5)
      他是默认使用devtoolset工具来管理gcc版本的,我们是自己安装的新版本,所以要改源码包里的CMakeLists.txt文件,全文搜索devtoolset,把他默认的PATHS "/opt/rh/devtoolset-8/root/usr/bin")改成PATHS "/usr/local/gcc/bin")也就是我们新安装的gcc路径,然后
      cd build
      rm -rf CMakeCache.txt
      重新cmake编译应该就没其他错误了
   6. cd build
   7. make && make install   会很久,会有很多错
   8. 可能报错
      1.
      /lib64/libstdc++.so.6: version `CXXABI_1.3.9' not found (required by ../runtime_output_directory/uca9dump)
      gcc使用最新版本后,动态库没有跟着更新导致
      #strings /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 | grep CXXABI     查看动态库会发现没有CXXABI_1.3.9
      #ls -l /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6    发现是个软连接
      #find / -name "libstdc++.so.*"    查找动态库
      #cp /usr/local/src/gcc-9.1.0/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/libstdc++-v3/src/.libs/libstdc++.so.6.0.26    /usr/lib64/
      #cd /usr/lib64
      #rm -rf libstdc++.so.6
      #ln -s   libstdc++.so.6.0.26    libstdc++.so.6   设置软连接
      #strings /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 | grep 'CXXABI'    搞定
      
      2.
      error: ‘SYS_gettid’ was not declared in this scope
      找到报错给出的文件,修改报错行
      setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, (pid_t)syscall(SYS_gettid), -20);
      改成
      setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, (pid_t)getgid(), -20);
      
      3.
      error: ‘os_compare_and_swap_thread_id’ was not declared in this scope; did you mean ‘os_compare_and_swap_lint’?
      因为编译版本问题,会有新旧函数名等问题,他会帮忙纠错的,按照他说的改就行,最好是把你要改的文件备份,防止改坏了
      
      4.
      g++g++: fatal error: Killed signal terminated program cc1plus    内存不够了 free -h 看内存
      dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=8M count=512      count的大小就是增加的swap空间的大小，64M是块大小，所以空间大小是bs*count=1024MB
      mkswap /swapfile 把刚才空间格式化成swap格式
      swapon /swapfile 使用刚才创建的swap空间
      使用后记得删除
      swapoff /swapfile 关闭交换分区 
      rm /swapfile 删除交换分区
   9. 安装完毕
      groupadd mysql   创建mysql用户组
      useradd -g mysql mysql    创建mysql用户
      mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql   创建数据文件
      chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/   给权限
      chmod -R 755 /usr/local/mysql/
   10. vim /etc/profile  环境变量
       export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
       source /etc/profile
   11. 设置mysqld文件
       cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
       chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
       vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
       basedir=/usr/local/mysql    MySQL安装目录 
       datadir= /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql    数据存放目录 
       mysqld_pid_file_path=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql/snow.pid  pid文件位置(hostname.pid根据自己的来设置)
   12. 设置my.cnf文件
       vim /etc/my.cnf

       [mysqld]
       basedir=/usr/local/mysql/
       datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql/
       socket=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqldata/3306/mysql.sock
       user = mysql
       tmpdir = /tmp
       character-set-server=utf8mb4
       mysqlx_port = 33060
       user = mysql
       socket = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysqldata/3306/mysql.sock
       mysqlx_socket=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqldata/3306/mysqlx.sock

       #skip-grant-tables  忘记密码时候打开注释,重启mysql服务生效

       [mysqld_safe]
       log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.log
       pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql/snow.pid
       mysqlx_socket=/app/mysql/mysqldata/3306/mysqlx.sock

       [client]
       port = 3306
       socket = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysqldata/3306/mysql.sock

   13.  

       chkconfig mysqld on  添加开机启动
       mysqld --initialize --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql --user=mysql --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql/snow.pid    初始化数据库,会返回一个密码(h#*VbYmkK9=v),要自己记下来
   14. 开启mysql服务
       service mysqld start 或 safe_mysqld --user=mysql & 或 /etc/init.d/mysqld start   开启
       service mysqld stop 或 /etc/init.d/mysqld stop  或 mysqladmin shutdown  停止
       service mysqld restart  或 /etc/init.d/mysqld restart  重启
   15. 可能的报错
       1.
       /etc/init.d/mysqld: line 246: @HOSTNAME@: command not found
       把@HOSTNAME@ 改成 hostname
       
       2.
       log-error set to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log', however file don't exists. Create writable for user 'mysql'.
       没有文件就手动帮创建(只能百度到这种方法感觉好蠢!) // 提前给/var/log文件读写权限应该就可以
       mkdir /var/log/mariadb 
       touch /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log 
       chown -R mysql:mysql  /var/log/mariadb/
       
       3.
       mysqld_safe Directory '/var/lib/mysql' for UNIX socket file don't exists.
       mkdir /var/lib/mysql
       
       4.
       The server quit without updating PID file   这是一个常见问题,可能的原因大概率是路径和权限,剩下的自己百度把
       
       vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
       basedir=/usr/local/mysql    MySQL安装目录 
       datadir= /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql    数据存放目录 
       mysqld_pid_file_path=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql/snow.pid     pid文件位置
       
       5.
       mysqld_safe Directory '/data/mysqldata/3306' for UNIX socket file don't exists.
       mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/data/mysqldata/3306
        
   16. 修改mysql密码
       MySQL> ALTER USER "root"@"localhost" IDENTIFIED  BY "123456";
       忘记密码就把my.cnf文件的注释打开,就可以不用密码登录
   17. 连接navicat
       mysql>use mysql;
       mysql>update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';
       mysql>select host, user from user;
       mysql>ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '';
       mysql>FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
8. libzip
   1. wget https://libzip.org/download/libzip-1.5.0.tar.gz
      tar -zxvf libzip-1.5.0.tar.gz
      cd libzip-1.5.0
      mkdir build
      cd build
      cmake .. 
      make && make install
      echo '/usr/local/lib64
      /usr/local/lib
      /usr/lib
      /usr/lib64'>>/etc/ld.so.conf  添加搜索路径到配置文件
      ldconfig -v 更新配置
9. php
   1. ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php --enable-mbstring --enable-ftp --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir=/usr --with-png-dir=/usr --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-pear --enable-sockets --with-freetype-dir=/usr --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-fpm --enable-xml --enable-sockets --with-gd --with-zlib --with-iconv --enable-zip --with-freetype-dir=/usr/lib/ --enable-soap --enable-pcntl --enable-cli --with-curl
   2. make && make install
   3. 配置
      cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php/php.ini
      vim /usr/local/php/php.ini 
      display_errors = On 错误信息打印在页面上 
      cp ./sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm.in /etc/init.d/php-fpm
      chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm
      cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
      vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
      去掉 pid = run/php-fpm.pid 前面的分号
      find / -name php-fpm.d
      cd /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d
      cp www.conf.default www.conf
      (vim www.conf)
      
      vim /etc/profile.d/php.sh 
      export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/php/bin/:/usr/local/php/sbin/ 
      source /etc/profile.d/php.sh
      service php-fpm start
      vim /etc/init.d/php-fpm
          prefix=/usr/local/php
          exec_prefix=${prefix}
          php_fpm_BIN=${exec_prefix}/sbin/php-fpm
          php_fpm_CONF=${prefix}/etc/php-fpm.conf
          php_fpm_PID=${prefix}/var/run/php-fpm.pid
      /etc/init.d/php-fpm start php-fpm启动命令
      /etc/init.d/php-fpm stop php-fpm停止命令
      /etc/init.d/php-fpm restart php-fpm重启命令
      ps -ef | grep php 或者 ps -A | grep -i php  查看是否已经成功启动PHP
      
      chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm 修改系统配置目录下的 php-fpm 文件可执行权限 
      chkconfig --add php-fpm 将系统配置目录下的 `php-fpm` 添加到 `系统服务`
      chkconfig php-fpm on 设置 `php-fpm` `系统服务` 为开机启动