python_面向对象_类_设计模式

最新推荐文章于 2024-11-06 20:42:11 发布

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本文深入探讨了Python中的面向对象编程，包括类的定义、初始化、实例化、super调用基类方法，以及设计模式如简单工厂模式、工厂方法模式和单例模式的实现。通过具体的代码示例，讲解了不同模式的优缺点及其应用场景。

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01-------------类-------------------

class Person(object):
age = 10;
def __init__(self, age):
if age is not None:
self.age = age

def speak(self):
print("hello")

person1 = Person(30)
print(person1.age)

person2 = Person(None)
print(person2.age)

------------------new------------------------------

class Dog(object):

def __new__(cls):
print("new")
return object.__new__(cls)

def __init__(self):
print("init")

def speak(self):
print("speak")

def __del__(self):
print("delete")

dog = Dog();
dog.speak()

---------------------------super----------------------

class Fish(object):
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name

def swim(self):
print("{0}游泳很快".format(self.name))

def __del__(self):
print("delete")

class GoldFish(Fish):
def __init__(self, name):
super(GoldFish, self).__init__(name)

def run(self):
super(GoldFish, self).swim()

fish = GoldFish("金鱼")

2.设计模式###########简单工厂##############

#接口差异明显，分开实现操作简单
class Pay(object):
def __init__(self, money):
self.money = money

def pay(self):
print("snail金融：支付金额为{0}".format(self.money))

class WeiXin(object):
def __init__(self, money):
self.money = money

def pay(self):
print("支付金额为{0}".format(self.money))

class Zhifubao(object):
def __init__(self, money):
self.money = money

def pay(self):
print("支付金额为{0}".format(self.money))

channel = input("请选择支付方式：")
money = float(input("请输入支付金额："))
if channel == "weixin":
WeiXin(money).pay()
elif channel == "zhifubao":
Zhifubao(money).pay()
else:
Pay(money).pay()

###################工厂方法######################

优势：不需要去关注具体类是如何实现的，用的时候导入类即可。

class Pay(object):
def __init__(self, money):
self.money = money

def pay(self):
print("snail金融：支付金额为{0}".format(self.money))

class WeiXin(object):
def __init__(self, money):
self.money = money

def pay(self):
print("微信支付金额为{0}".format(self.money))

class Zhifubao(object):
def __init__(self, money):
self.money = money

def pay(self):
print("支付宝支付金额为{0}".format(self.money))

class PayFactory(object):
def create(self, money):
return Pay(money)

class WeiXinFactory(object):
def create(self, money):
return WeiXin(money)

class ZhifubaoFactory(object):
def create(self, money):
return Zhifubao(money)

------

from method import PayFactory
factory = PayFactory()
pay = factory.create(100)
pay.pay()

from method import WeiXinFactory
factory = WeiXinFactory()
pay = factory.create(1000)
pay.pay()

from method import ZhifubaoFactory
factory = ZhifubaoFactory()
pay = factory.create(10000)
pay.pay()

------反射抽象工厂

model = input("请输入模块名称")
classA = input("请输入类名称")
money = input("请输入钱数")

model = __import__(model)
object = getattr(model, classA)(money)
print(dir(model))
print(object)
object.pay()

==============单例模式==============

class SingleTone(object):
def __new__(cls, *args, **kw):
if not hasattr(cls, '_instance'):
cls._instance = super(SingleTone, cls).__new__(cls, )
return cls._instance

single1 = SingleTone()
single2 = SingleTone()
print(id(single1))
print(id(single2))