imagemagick图片识别技术&数据抓取(转自:http://michael-roshen.iteye.com/blog/1982817)

本文介绍如何使用ImageMagick处理图片以及通过Tesseract实现OCR识别。涵盖安装配置、图片处理示例及验证码识别的Ruby代码实现。

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安装:
sudo apt-get install imagemagick

 

ImageMagick是一套功能强大、稳定而且开源的工具集和开发包,可以用来读、写和处理超过89种基本格式的图片文件,包括流行的TIFF、JPEG、GIF、 PNG、PDF以及PhotoCD等格式。利用ImageMagick,你可以根据 web应用程序的 需要动态生成图片, 还可以对一个(或一组)图片进行改变大小、旋转、锐化、减色或增加特效等操作,并将操作的结果以相同格式或其它格式保存,对图片的操作,即可以通过命令行 进行,也可以用C/C++、Perl、Java、PHP、Python或Ruby编程来完成。同时ImageMagick提供了一个高质量的2D工具包, 部分支持SVG。现在,ImageMagic的主要精力集中在性能,减少bug以及提供稳定的API和ABI上。

ImageMagick 是一个用来创建、编辑、合成图片的软件。它可以读取、转换、写入多种格式的图片。图片切割、颜色替换、各种效果的应用,图片的旋转、组合,文本,直线, 多边形,椭圆,曲线,附加到图片伸展旋转。ImageMagick是免费软件:全部源码开放,可以自由使用,复制,修改,发布。支持大多数的操作系统。


检测是否支持指定格式 identify -list format | grep PNG

sudo apt-get install tesseract-ocr

OCR(Optical Character Recognition):光学字符识别,是指对图片文件中的文字进行分析识别,获取的过程。

Tesseract:开源的OCR识别引擎,初期Tesseract引擎由HP实验室研发,后来贡献给了开源软件业,后经由Google进行改进,消除bug,优化,重新发布


gem install mini_magick

mini_magick 是用ruby对ImageMagick命令的封装,可以这样简单的使用

 

image = MiniMagick::Image.open("input.jpg")
image.resize "100x100"
image.write  "output.jpg"
image = MiniMagick::Image.open("http://www.google.com/images/logos/logo.png")
image.resize "5x5"
image.format "gif"
image.write "localcopy.gif"

https://github.com/minimagick/minimagick

gem install rtesseract

rtesseract对了tesseract-ocr进行了封装

识别验证码:

RTesseract.new(img.path).to_s

 

在 ubuntu12.04上安装如果出现如下问题,请安装 libmagickwand-dev

sudo apt-get install libmagickwand-dev


zhaol-a@ubuntu:~/gcj_project$ gem install rtesseract
/usr/share/ruby-rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p392/lib/ruby/1.9.1/yaml.rb:56:in `<top (required)>':
It seems your ruby installation is missing psych (for YAML output).
To eliminate this warning, please install libyaml and reinstall your ruby.
Building native extensions.  This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing rtesseract:
    ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

        /usr/share/ruby-rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p392/bin/ruby extconf.rb
checking for Ruby version >= 1.8.5... yes
checking for gcc... yes
checking for Magick-config... no
Can't install RMagick 2.13.2. Can't find Magick-config in /usr/share/ruby-rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/bin:/usr/share/ruby-rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392@global/bin:/usr/share/ruby-rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p392/bin:/usr/share/ruby-rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/bin:/usr/share/ruby-rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392@global/bin:/usr/share/ruby-rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p392/bin:/usr/share/ruby-rvm/bin:/usr/lib/lightdm/lightdm:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games

*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of
necessary libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more
details.  You may need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
    --with-opt-dir
    --without-opt-dir
    --with-opt-include
    --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
    --with-opt-lib
    --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
    --with-make-prog
    --without-make-prog
    --srcdir=.
    --curdir
    --ruby=/usr/share/ruby-rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p392/bin/ruby

使用mechanize,nokogiri进行数据抓取,验证码识别的例子:

Ruby代码   收藏代码
  1. #encoding: utf-8  
  2. require 'mechanize'  
  3. require 'nokogiri'  
  4. require 'spreadsheet'  
  5. require 'rtesseract'  
  6. require 'mini_magick'  
  7. require 'open-uri'  
  8. require 'uri'  
  9. require 'iconv'  
  10. require 'active_support/all'  
  11.   
  12. #调整图片的大小来提高图片的识别准确度  
  13. def parse_img_to_str(img_url)  
  14.   img = MiniMagick::Image.open(img_url)  
  15.   img.resize '200%x200%' # 放大  
  16.   img.colorspace("GRAY"# 灰度化  
  17.   img.monochrome # 去色  
  18.   str = RTesseract.new(img.path).to_s # 识别  
  19.   File.unlink(img.path) # 删除临时文件  
  20.   if str.nil?  
  21.     return nil  
  22.   else  
  23.     return str.strip.to_f  
  24.   end  
  25. end  
  26.   
  27. #使用异常处理,可以减少因为网络延迟导致timeout的问题,但是不能完全避免  
  28. #分析请求的url, 和参数  
  29. def get_json_data(agent, url, params)  
  30.   begin  
  31.     response = agent.post(url, params)  
  32.     json_data  = JSON.parse(response.body)  
  33.     return json_data  
  34.   rescue  
  35.    retry  # restart from beginning  
  36.  end  
  37. end  
  38.   
  39. "waiting................."   
  40. agent = Mechanize.new  
  41. agent.open_timeout = 15  
  42. file_path = File.dirname(__FILE__)user  
  43. #用户登陆要抓取的网站后,用firefox导出cookies信息到cookies.txt  
  44. cookies_file_path = "/home/username/project/cookies.txt"  
  45. #导入cookie信息,跳过登陆  
  46. agent.cookie_jar.load_cookiestxt(cookies_file_path)  
  47.   
  48. #抓取年份信息的例子  
  49. title_params = {"area" => area,"province" => "北京"}  
  50. years_info = get_json_data(agent, gov_mat_ttile_url, title_params)["result"
下面是我按照你的思路执行指令后终端打印的结果(base) casbot@casbot:~/ros_catkin_ws$ # 备份原文件 sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak # 使用清华源(Ubuntu 22.04) sudo sed -i &#39;s@//.*archive.ubuntu.com@//mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn@g&#39; /etc/apt/sources.list sudo apt update &amp;&amp; sudo apt upgrade -y Ign:1 http://deb.repo.autolabor.com.cn jammy InRelease Ign:2 http://deb.repo.autolabor.com.cn jammy Release Ign:3 http://deb.repo.autolabor.com.cn jammy/main all Packages Ign:4 http://deb.repo.autolabor.com.cn jammy/main amd64 Packages Hit:5 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy InRelease Ign:6 http://deb.repo.autolabor.com.cn jammy/main Translation-en Ign:3 http://deb.repo.autolabor.com.cn jammy/main all Packages Hit:7 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates InRelease Ign:4 http://deb.repo.autolabor.com.cn jammy/main amd64 Packages Hit:8 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-backports InRelease Ign:6 http://deb.repo.autolabor.com.cn jammy/main Translation-en Hit:9 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-security InRelease Ign:3 http://deb.repo.autolabor.com.cn jammy/main all Packages Get:10 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ros2/ubuntu jammy InRelease [4682 B] Hit:11 http://packages.ros.org/ros/ubuntu focal InRelease Ign:4 http://deb.repo.autolabor.com.cn jammy/main amd64 Packages Ign:6 http://deb.repo.autolabor.com.cn jammy/main Translation-en Ign:3 http://deb.repo.autolabor.com.cn jammy/main all Packages Hit:4 http://deb.repo.autolabor.com.cn jammy/main amd64 Packages Ign:6 http://deb.repo.autolabor.com.cn jammy/main Translation-en Ign:3 http://deb.repo.autolabor.com.cn jammy/main all Packages Ign:6 http://deb.repo.autolabor.com.cn jammy/main Translation-en Ign:3 http://deb.repo.autolabor.com.cn jammy/main all Packages Ign:6 http://deb.repo.autolabor.com.cn jammy/main Translation-en Ign:3 http://deb.repo.autolabor.com.cn jammy/main all Packages Ign:6 http://deb.repo.autolabor.com.cn jammy/main Translation-en Fetched 4682 B in 3s (1850 B/s) Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done 80 packages can be upgraded. Run &#39;apt list --upgradable&#39; to see them. Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done Calculating upgrade... Done Get more security updates through Ubuntu Pro with &#39;esm-apps&#39; enabled: exo-utils libzvbi-common libzbar0 libheif1 libiperf0 libmujs1 libavdevice58 ffmpeg libopenexr25 libpostproc55 libmagickcore-6.q16-6-extra libavcodec58 libgstreamer-plugins-bad1.0-0 iperf3 libmagickwand-6.q16-6 libavutil56 libswscale5 libmagickcore-6.q16-6 libexo-2-0 libgsl27 gir1.2-gst-plugins-bad-1.0 libswresample3 imagemagick-6-common libavformat58 libzvbi0 gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad libgslcblas0 libde265-0 libexo-common libavfilter7 Learn more about Ubuntu Pro at https://ubuntu.com/pro The following NEW packages will be installed: libxcvt-dev The following packages have been kept back: dvb-tools ir-keytable libdvbv5-0 libdvbv5-dev libv4l-0 libv4l-dev libv4l2rds0 libv4lconvert0 qv4l2 v4l-utils xserver-common xserver-xorg-core xserver-xorg-legacy The following packages will be upgraded: apport ghostscript ghostscript-x gir1.2-javascriptcoregtk-4.0 gir1.2-soup-2.4 gir1.2-webkit2-4.0 git git-man libarchive13 libblockdev-crypto2 libblockdev-fs2 libblockdev-loop2 libblockdev-part-err2 libblockdev-part2 libblockdev-swap2 libblockdev-utils2 libblockdev2 libdjvulibre-text libdjvulibre21 libdvbv5-doc libgnutls30 libgs9 libgs9-common libjavascriptcoregtk-4.0-18 libnss-systemd libpam-modules libpam-modules-bin libpam-runtime libpam-systemd libpam0g libprotobuf23 libpython3.10 libpython3.10-dev libpython3.10-minimal libpython3.10-stdlib libre2-9 libsoup-gnome2.4-1 libsoup2.4-1 libsoup2.4-common libssh-4 libssh-gcrypt-4 libsystemd0 libudev1 libudisks2-0 libvpx7 libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37 libxslt1.1 linux-libc-dev python3-apport python3-pip python3-problem-report python3-protobuf python3-requests python3-urllib3 python3.10 python3.10-dev python3.10-minimal sudo systemd systemd-sysv ubuntu-advantage-tools ubuntu-pro-client ubuntu-pro-client-l10n udev udisks2 xserver-xorg-dev xwayland 67 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 13 not upgraded. 62 standard LTS security updates Need to get 77.1 MB of archives. After this operation, 64.5 kB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 libpam0g arm64 1.4.0-11ubuntu2.6 [59.7 kB] Get:2 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 libpam-modules-bin arm64 1.4.0-11ubuntu2.6 [38.6 kB] Get:3 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 libpam-modules arm64 1.4.0-11ubuntu2.6 [279 kB] Get:4 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 libnss-systemd arm64 249.11-0ubuntu3.16 [133 kB] Get:5 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 libsystemd0 arm64 249.11-0ubuntu3.16 [314 kB] Get:6 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 systemd-sysv arm64 249.11-0ubuntu3.16 [10.5 kB] Get:7 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 libpam-systemd arm64 249.11-0ubuntu3.16 [205 kB] Get:8 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 systemd arm64 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arm64 python3.10 arm64 3.10.12-1~22.04.10 [508 kB] Get:17 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 libpython3.10-stdlib arm64 3.10.12-1~22.04.10 [1846 kB] Get:18 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 python3.10-minimal arm64 3.10.12-1~22.04.10 [2260 kB] Get:19 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 libpython3.10-minimal arm64 3.10.12-1~22.04.10 [812 kB] Get:20 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 sudo arm64 1.9.9-1ubuntu2.5 [807 kB] Get:21 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 ubuntu-pro-client-l10n arm64 36ubuntu0~22.04 [20.6 kB] Get:22 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 ubuntu-pro-client arm64 36ubuntu0~22.04 [236 kB] Get:23 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 ubuntu-advantage-tools all 36ubuntu0~22.04 [10.9 kB] Get:24 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 python3-problem-report all 2.20.11-0ubuntu82.9 [11.4 kB] Get:25 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 python3-apport all 2.20.11-0ubuntu82.9 [89.0 kB] Get:26 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 apport all 2.20.11-0ubuntu82.9 [135 kB] Get:27 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 ghostscript-x arm64 9.55.0~dfsg1-0ubuntu5.12 [48.0 kB] Get:28 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 ghostscript arm64 9.55.0~dfsg1-0ubuntu5.12 [49.7 kB] Get:29 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 libgs9 arm64 9.55.0~dfsg1-0ubuntu5.12 [4956 kB] Get:30 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 libgs9-common all 9.55.0~dfsg1-0ubuntu5.12 [753 kB] Get:31 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 gir1.2-webkit2-4.0 arm64 2.48.3-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 [105 kB] Get:32 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 gir1.2-javascriptcoregtk-4.0 arm64 2.48.3-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 [39.0 kB] Get:33 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37 arm64 2.48.3-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 [26.2 MB] Get:34 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 libjavascriptcoregtk-4.0-18 arm64 2.48.3-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 [8729 kB] Get:35 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 gir1.2-soup-2.4 arm64 2.74.2-3ubuntu0.6 [31.8 kB] Get:36 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 libsoup-gnome2.4-1 arm64 2.74.2-3ubuntu0.6 [6194 B] Get:37 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 libsoup2.4-common all 2.74.2-3ubuntu0.6 [4778 B] Get:38 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 libsoup2.4-1 arm64 2.74.2-3ubuntu0.6 [281 kB] Get:39 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 libxslt1.1 arm64 1.1.34-4ubuntu0.22.04.4 [161 kB] Get:40 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 git-man all 1:2.34.1-1ubuntu1.15 [955 kB] Get:41 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 git arm64 1:2.34.1-1ubuntu1.15 [3224 kB] Get:42 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 libarchive13 arm64 3.6.0-1ubuntu1.5 [367 kB] Get:43 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 libblockdev-utils2 arm64 2.26-1ubuntu0.1 [15.5 kB] Get:44 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 libblockdev-crypto2 arm64 2.26-1ubuntu0.1 [17.3 kB] Get:45 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 libblockdev-part-err2 arm64 2.26-1ubuntu0.1 [5650 B] Get:46 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 libblockdev-fs2 arm64 2.26-1ubuntu0.1 [21.5 kB] Get:47 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 libblockdev-loop2 arm64 2.26-1ubuntu0.1 [6838 B] Get:48 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 libblockdev-part2 arm64 2.26-1ubuntu0.1 [15.0 kB] Get:49 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 libblockdev-swap2 arm64 2.26-1ubuntu0.1 [7452 B] Get:50 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 libblockdev2 arm64 2.26-1ubuntu0.1 [45.5 kB] Get:51 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 libdjvulibre-text all 3.5.28-2ubuntu0.22.04.1 [51.0 kB] Get:52 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 libdjvulibre21 arm64 3.5.28-2ubuntu0.22.04.1 [590 kB] Get:53 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy/main arm64 libdvbv5-doc all 1.22.1-2build1 [1479 kB] Get:54 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 libprotobuf23 arm64 3.12.4-1ubuntu7.22.04.4 [809 kB] Get:55 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy/main arm64 libre2-9 arm64 20220201+dfsg-1 [153 kB] Get:56 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 libssh-4 arm64 0.9.6-2ubuntu0.22.04.4 [185 kB] Get:57 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 libssh-gcrypt-4 arm64 0.9.6-2ubuntu0.22.04.4 [224 kB] Get:58 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 libudisks2-0 arm64 2.9.4-1ubuntu2.2 [168 kB] Get:59 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 libvpx7 arm64 1.11.0-2ubuntu2.4 [1042 kB] Get:60 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy/main arm64 libxcvt-dev arm64 0.1.1-3 [3236 B] Get:61 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 linux-libc-dev arm64 5.15.0-144.157 [1294 kB] Get:62 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/universe arm64 python3-pip all 22.0.2+dfsg-1ubuntu0.6 [1306 kB] Get:63 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 python3-protobuf arm64 3.12.4-1ubuntu7.22.04.4 [352 kB] Get:64 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 python3-urllib3 all 1.26.5-1~exp1ubuntu0.3 [98.6 kB] Get:65 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 python3-requests all 2.25.1+dfsg-2ubuntu0.3 [48.8 kB] Get:66 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 udisks2 arm64 2.9.4-1ubuntu2.2 [275 kB] Get:67 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 xserver-xorg-dev arm64 2:21.1.4-2ubuntu1.7~22.04.15 [205 kB] Get:68 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 xwayland arm64 2:22.1.1-1ubuntu0.19 [918 kB] Fetched 77.1 MB in 4min 46s (270 kB/s) Extracting templates from packages: 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Setting up libsoup-gnome2.4-1:arm64 (2.74.2-3ubuntu0.6) ... Setting up udisks2 (2.9.4-1ubuntu2.2) ... Setting up libpython3.10:arm64 (3.10.12-1~22.04.10) ... Setting up python3.10 (3.10.12-1~22.04.10) ... Setting up gir1.2-soup-2.4:arm64 (2.74.2-3ubuntu0.6) ... Setting up libpython3.10-dev:arm64 (3.10.12-1~22.04.10) ... Setting up python3.10-dev (3.10.12-1~22.04.10) ... Setting up gir1.2-webkit2-4.0:arm64 (2.48.3-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ... Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme (0.17-2) ... Processing triggers for doc-base (0.11.1) ... Processing 1 added doc-base file... Error in `/usr/share/doc-base/libdvbv5-doc.libdvbv5-reference&#39;, line 9: all `Format&#39; sections are invalid. Note: `install-docs --verbose --check file_name&#39; may give more details about the above error. Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.36.0-1ubuntu3) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.35-0ubuntu3.10) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ... Processing triggers for dbus (1.12.20-2ubuntu4.1) ... Processing triggers for mailcap (3.70+nmu1ubuntu1) ... Processing triggers for bamfdaemon (0.5.6+22.04.20220217-0ubuntu1) ... Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf-2.index... Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.26-1ubuntu3) ... (base) casbot@casbot:~/ros_catkin_ws$ sudo sh -c &#39;echo &quot;deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ros/ubuntu $(lsb_release -sc) main&quot; &gt; /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ros-noetic.list&#39; sudo apt-key adv --keyserver &#39;hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80&#39; --recv-key C1CF6E31E6BADE8868B172B4F42ED6FBAB17C654 Warning: apt-key is deprecated. Manage keyring files in trusted.gpg.d instead (see apt-key(8)). Executing: /tmp/apt-key-gpghome.6cqeROMOQT/gpg.1.sh --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-key C1CF6E31E6BADE8868B172B4F42ED6FBAB17C654 gpg: key F42ED6FBAB17C654: &quot;Open Robotics &lt;info@osrfoundation.org&gt;&quot; not changed gpg: Total number processed: 1 gpg: unchanged: 1 (base) casbot@casbot:~/ros_catkin_ws$ sudo apt update # 安装桌面完整版(约 1.5GB,网络不稳定时分段安装) sudo apt install ros-noetic-desktop-full -y --allow-unauthenticated Ign:1 http://deb.repo.autolabor.com.cn jammy InRelease Ign:2 http://deb.repo.autolabor.com.cn jammy Release Ign:3 http://deb.repo.autolabor.com.cn jammy/main all Packages Ign:4 http://deb.repo.autolabor.com.cn jammy/main amd64 Packages Ign:5 http://deb.repo.autolabor.com.cn jammy/main Translation-en Ign:3 http://deb.repo.autolabor.com.cn jammy/main all Packages Ign:4 http://deb.repo.autolabor.com.cn jammy/main amd64 Packages Ign:5 http://deb.repo.autolabor.com.cn jammy/main Translation-en Ign:3 http://deb.repo.autolabor.com.cn jammy/main all Packages Ign:4 http://deb.repo.autolabor.com.cn jammy/main amd64 Packages Ign:5 http://deb.repo.autolabor.com.cn jammy/main Translation-en Ign:3 http://deb.repo.autolabor.com.cn jammy/main all Packages Ign:6 https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ros/ubuntu jammy InRelease Hit:4 http://deb.repo.autolabor.com.cn jammy/main amd64 Packages Err:7 https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ros/ubuntu jammy Release 404 Not Found [IP: 202.141.176.110 443] Ign:5 http://deb.repo.autolabor.com.cn jammy/main Translation-en Ign:3 http://deb.repo.autolabor.com.cn jammy/main all Packages Ign:5 http://deb.repo.autolabor.com.cn jammy/main Translation-en Ign:3 http://deb.repo.autolabor.com.cn jammy/main all Packages Ign:5 http://deb.repo.autolabor.com.cn jammy/main Translation-en Ign:3 http://deb.repo.autolabor.com.cn jammy/main all Packages Ign:5 http://deb.repo.autolabor.com.cn jammy/main Translation-en Hit:8 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy InRelease Hit:9 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates InRelease Hit:10 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-backports InRelease Hit:11 http://packages.ros.org/ros/ubuntu focal InRelease Hit:12 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports jammy-security InRelease Get:13 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ros2/ubuntu jammy InRelease [4682 B] Reading package lists... Done E: The repository &#39;https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ros/ubuntu jammy Release&#39; does not have a Release file. N: Updating from such a repository can&#39;t be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default. N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details. Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not yet been created or been moved out of Incoming. The following information may help to resolve the situation: The following packages have unmet dependencies: gazebo11 : Depends: libboost-filesystem1.71.0 but it is not installable Depends: libboost-iostreams1.71.0 but it is not installable Depends: libboost-program-options1.71.0 but it is not installable Depends: libboost-regex1.71.0-icu66 but it is not installable Depends: libboost-thread1.71.0 but it is not installable Depends: libgazebo11 (= 11.15.1-1~focal) but it is not going to be installed Depends: libignition-msgs5 (&gt;= 5.11.0) but it is not going to be installed Depends: libignition-transport8 (&gt;= 8.5.0) but it is not going to be installed Depends: libprotobuf17 but it is not installable Depends: gazebo11-common (&gt;= 11.2.0) but it is not going to be installed Recommends: gazebo11-plugin-base but it is not going to be installed libgazebo11-dev : Depends: libignition-transport8-dev but it is not going to be installed Depends: libignition-msgs5-dev but it is not going to be installed Depends: libignition-fuel-tools4-dev but it is not going to be installed Depends: libignition-common3-dev but it is not going to be installed Depends: libignition-common3-graphics-dev but it is not going to be installed Depends: libdart6-collision-bullet-dev (&lt; 6.10.0) but it is not installable or libdart-collision-bullet-dev (&lt; 6.10.0) but it is not going to be installed Depends: libdart6-collision-ode-dev (&lt; 6.10.0) but it is not installable or libdart-collision-ode-dev (&lt; 6.10.0) but it is not going to be installed Depends: libdart6-utils-urdf-dev (&lt; 6.10.0) but it is not installable or libdart-utils-urdf-dev (&lt; 6.10.0) but it is not going to be installed Depends: libdart6-external-odelcpsolver-dev (&lt; 6.10.0) but it is not installable or libdart-external-odelcpsolver-dev (&lt; 6.10.0) but it is not going to be installed Depends: libdart6-external-ikfast-dev (&lt; 6.10.0) but it is not installable or libdart-external-ikfast-dev (&lt; 6.10.0) but it is not going to be installed Depends: libgazebo11 (= 11.15.1-1~focal) but it is not going to be installed Depends: gazebo11-common (&gt;= 11.2.0) but it is not going to be installed Depends: gazebo11-plugin-base (= 11.15.1-1~focal) but it is not going to be installed libicu-dev : Depends: libicu70 (= 70.1-2) but 70.1-2ubuntu1 is to be installed libjsoncpp-dev : Depends: libjsoncpp25 (= 1.9.5-3) but 1.9.5-3ubuntu0.1 is to be installed ros-noetic-actionlib : Depends: libboost-thread1.71.0 but it is not installable ros-noetic-actionlib-tutorials : Depends: libboost-thread1.71.0 but it is not installable ros-noetic-bondcpp : Depends: libboost-thread1.71.0 but it is not installable ros-noetic-camera-calibration-parsers : Depends: libboost-filesystem1.71.0 but it is not installable Depends: libboost-python1.71.0 but it is not installable Depends: libboost-python1.71.0-py38 but it is not installable Depends: libpython3.8 (&gt;= 3.8.2) but it is not installable Depends: libyaml-cpp0.6 (&gt;= 0.6.2) but it is not installable ros-noetic-class-loader : Depends: libboost-filesystem1.71.0 but it is not installable Depends: libconsole-bridge0.4 but it is not installable Depends: libpocofoundation62 (&gt;= 1.9.2) but it is not installable ros-noetic-compressed-depth-image-transport : Depends: libconsole-bridge0.4 but it is not installable Depends: libopencv-core4.2 (&gt;= 4.2.0+dfsg) but it is not installable Depends: libopencv-imgcodecs4.2 (&gt;= 4.2.0+dfsg) but it is not installable ros-noetic-compressed-image-transport : Depends: libconsole-bridge0.4 but it is not installable Depends: libopencv-core4.2 (&gt;= 4.2.0+dfsg) but it is not installable Depends: libopencv-imgcodecs4.2 (&gt;= 4.2.0+dfsg) but it is not installable Depends: libopencv-imgproc4.2 (&gt;= 4.2.0+dfsg) but it is not installable ros-noetic-controller-manager : Depends: libboost-filesystem1.71.0 but it is not installable Depends: libconsole-bridge0.4 but it is not installable Depends: libtinyxml2-6a (&gt;= 5.0.0) but it is not installable ros-noetic-cpp-common : Depends: libconsole-bridge0.4 but it is not installable ros-noetic-cv-bridge : Depends: libboost-python1.71.0 but it is not installable Depends: libboost-python1.71.0-py38 but it is not installable Depends: libboost-regex1.71.0-icu66 but it is not installable Depends: libopencv-core4.2 (&gt;= 4.2.0+dfsg) but it is not installable Depends: libopencv-imgcodecs4.2 (&gt;= 4.2.0+dfsg) but it is not installable Depends: libopencv-imgproc4.2 (&gt;= 4.2.0+dfsg) but it is not installable Depends: libpython3.8 (&gt;= 3.8.2) but it is not installable ros-noetic-depth-image-proc : Depends: libconsole-bridge0.4 but it is not installable Depends: libopencv-calib3d4.2 (&gt;= 4.2.0+dfsg) but it is not installable Depends: libopencv-core4.2 (&gt;= 4.2.0+dfsg) but it is not installable Depends: libopencv-imgproc4.2 (&gt;= 4.2.0+dfsg) but it is not installable ros-noetic-diagnostic-aggregator : Depends: libboost-filesystem1.71.0 but it is not installable Depends: libboost-regex1.71.0-icu66 but it is not installable Depends: libconsole-bridge0.4 but it is not installable Depends: libtinyxml2-6a (&gt;= 5.0.0) but it is not installable ros-noetic-diagnostic-common-diagnostics : Depends: hddtemp but it is not installable ros-noetic-diff-drive-controller : Depends: libconsole-bridge0.4 but it is not installable Depends: liburdfdom-model but it is not installable ros-noetic-eigen-conversions : Depends: liborocos-kdl1.4 but it is not installable ros-noetic-filters : Depends: libconsole-bridge0.4 but it is not installable ros-noetic-gazebo-plugins : Depends: libboost-thread1.71.0 but it is not installable Depends: libgazebo11 (&gt;= 11.15.1) but it is not going to be installed Depends: libopencv-core4.2 (&gt;= 4.2.0+dfsg) but it is not installable Depends: libopencv-imgproc4.2 (&gt;= 4.2.0+dfsg) but it is not installable Depends: libprotobuf17 but it is not installable ros-noetic-gazebo-ros : Depends: libboost-thread1.71.0 but it is not installable Depends: libgazebo11 (&gt;= 11.15.1) but it is not going to be installed Depends: libprotobuf17 but it is not installable ros-noetic-gazebo-ros-control : Depends: libboost-filesystem1.71.0 but it is not installable Depends: libboost-thread1.71.0 but it is not installable Depends: libconsole-bridge0.4 but it is not installable Depends: libgazebo11 (&gt;= 11.15.1) but it is not going to be installed Depends: libtinyxml2-6a (&gt;= 5.0.0) but it is not installable Depends: ros-noetic-transmission-interface but it is not going to be installed ros-noetic-image-geometry : Depends: libopencv-calib3d4.2 (&gt;= 4.2.0+dfsg) but it is not installable Depends: libopencv-core4.2 (&gt;= 4.2.0+dfsg) but it is not installable Depends: libopencv-imgproc4.2 (&gt;= 4.2.0+dfsg) but it is not installable ros-noetic-image-proc : Depends: libconsole-bridge0.4 but it is not installable Depends: libopencv-core4.2 (&gt;= 4.2.0+dfsg) but it is not installable Depends: libopencv-imgproc4.2 (&gt;= 4.2.0+dfsg) but it is not installable ros-noetic-image-publisher : Depends: libconsole-bridge0.4 but it is not installable Depends: libopencv-core4.2 (&gt;= 4.2.0+dfsg) but it is not installable Depends: libopencv-imgcodecs4.2 (&gt;= 4.2.0+dfsg) but it is not installable Depends: libopencv-videoio4.2 (&gt;= 4.2.0+dfsg) but it is not installable ros-noetic-image-rotate : Depends: libconsole-bridge0.4 but it is not installable Depends: libopencv-core4.2 (&gt;= 4.2.0+dfsg) but it is not installable Depends: libopencv-imgproc4.2 (&gt;= 4.2.0+dfsg) but it is not installable ros-noetic-image-transport : Depends: libboost-filesystem1.71.0 but it is not installable Depends: libconsole-bridge0.4 but it is not installable Depends: libtinyxml2-6a (&gt;= 5.0.0) but it is not installable ros-noetic-image-view : Depends: libboost-thread1.71.0 but it is not installable Depends: libconsole-bridge0.4 but it is not installable Depends: libopencv-core4.2 (&gt;= 4.2.0+dfsg) but it is not installable Depends: libopencv-highgui4.2 (&gt;= 4.2.0+dfsg) but it is not installable Depends: libopencv-imgcodecs4.2 (&gt;= 4.2.0+dfsg) but it is not installable Depends: libopencv-videoio4.2 (&gt;= 4.2.0+dfsg) but it is not installable ros-noetic-interactive-markers : Depends: libboost-thread1.71.0 but it is not installable ros-noetic-joint-state-controller : Depends: libconsole-bridge0.4 but it is not installable ros-noetic-kdl-conversions : Depends: liborocos-kdl1.4 but it is not installable ros-noetic-kdl-parser : Depends: liborocos-kdl1.4 but it is not installable Depends: libtinyxml2-6a (&gt;= 5.0.0) but it is not installable Depends: liburdfdom-model but it is not installable ros-noetic-laser-assembler : Depends: libboost-filesystem1.71.0 but it is not installable Depends: libconsole-bridge0.4 but it is not installable Depends: libtinyxml2-6a (&gt;= 5.0.0) but it is not installable ros-noetic-laser-filters : Depends: libboost-filesystem1.71.0 but it is not installable Depends: libconsole-bridge0.4 but it is not installable Depends: libtinyxml2-6a (&gt;= 5.0.0) but it is not installable ros-noetic-laser-geometry : Depends: libboost-thread1.71.0 but it is not installable ros-noetic-nodelet : Depends: libboost-filesystem1.71.0 but it is not installable Depends: libboost-thread1.71.0 but it is not installable Depends: libconsole-bridge0.4 but it is not installable Depends: libtinyxml2-6a (&gt;= 5.0.0) but it is not installable ros-noetic-nodelet-tutorial-math : Depends: libconsole-bridge0.4 but it is not installable ros-noetic-pcl-ros : Depends: libboost-filesystem1.71.0 but it is not installable Depends: libconsole-bridge0.4 but it is not installable Depends: libpcl-common1.10 (&gt;= 1.10.0+dfsg) but it is not installable Depends: libpcl-features1.10 (&gt;= 1.10.0+dfsg) but it is not installable Depends: libpcl-filters1.10 (&gt;= 1.10.0+dfsg) but it is not installable Depends: libpcl-io1.10 (&gt;= 1.10.0+dfsg) but it is not installable Depends: libpcl-search1.10 (&gt;= 1.10.0+dfsg) but it is not installable Depends: libpcl-segmentation1.10 (&gt;= 1.10.0+dfsg) but it is not installable Depends: libpcl-surface1.10 (&gt;= 1.10.0+dfsg) but it is not installable ros-noetic-pluginlib : Depends: libboost-filesystem1.71.0 but it is not installable ros-noetic-pluginlib-tutorials : Depends: libboost-filesystem1.71.0 but it is not installable Depends: libconsole-bridge0.4 but it is not installable Depends: libtinyxml2-6a (&gt;= 5.0.0) but it is not installable ros-noetic-position-controllers : Depends: libconsole-bridge0.4 but it is not installable ros-noetic-robot-state-publisher : Depends: liborocos-kdl1.4 but it is not installable Depends: liburdfdom-world but it is not installable ros-noetic-rosbag : Depends: libboost-filesystem1.71.0 but it is not installable Depends: libboost-program-options1.71.0 but it is not installable Depends: libboost-regex1.71.0-icu66 but it is not installable Depends: libboost-thread1.71.0 but it is not installable Depends: libconsole-bridge0.4 but it is not installable Depends: ros-noetic-rosbag-storage but it is not going to be installed ros-noetic-rosconsole : Depends: libboost-regex1.71.0-icu66 but it is not installable Depends: liblog4cxx10v5 (&gt;= 0.10.0) but it is not installable ros-noetic-rosconsole-bridge : Depends: libconsole-bridge0.4 but it is not installable ros-noetic-roscpp : Depends: libboost-chrono1.71.0 but it is not installable Depends: libboost-filesystem1.71.0 but it is not installable Depends: libboost-thread1.71.0 but it is not installable ros-noetic-roscpp-tutorials : Depends: libboost-thread1.71.0 but it is not installable ros-noetic-rospack : Depends: libboost-filesystem1.71.0 but it is not installable Depends: libboost-program-options1.71.0 but it is not installable Depends: libpython3.8 (&gt;= 3.8.2) but it is not installable Depends: libtinyxml2-6a (&gt;= 5.0.0) but it is not installable ros-noetic-rqt-image-view : Depends: libconsole-bridge0.4 but it is not installable Depends: libopencv-core4.2 (&gt;= 4.2.0+dfsg) but it is not installable Depends: libopencv-imgproc4.2 (&gt;= 4.2.0+dfsg) but it is not installable Depends: ros-noetic-rqt-gui-cpp but it is not going to be installed ros-noetic-rqt-rviz : Depends: libboost-program-options1.71.0 but it is not installable Depends: libconsole-bridge0.4 but it is not installable Depends: ros-noetic-rqt-gui-cpp but it is not going to be installed ros-noetic-rviz : Depends: libboost-filesystem1.71.0 but it is not installable Depends: libboost-program-options1.71.0 but it is not installable Depends: libboost-thread1.71.0 but it is not installable Depends: libconsole-bridge0.4 but it is not installable Depends: libtinyxml2-6a (&gt;= 5.0.0) but it is not installable Depends: liburdfdom-world but it is not installable Depends: libyaml-cpp0.6 (&gt;= 0.6.2) but it is not installable ros-noetic-rviz-plugin-tutorials : Depends: libboost-thread1.71.0 but it is not installable Depends: libconsole-bridge0.4 but it is not installable ros-noetic-stage-ros : Depends: libboost-thread1.71.0 but it is not installable ros-noetic-stereo-image-proc : Depends: libconsole-bridge0.4 but it is not installable Depends: libopencv-calib3d4.2 (&gt;= 4.2.0+dfsg) but it is not installable Depends: libopencv-core4.2 (&gt;= 4.2.0+dfsg) but it is not installable Depends: libopencv-imgproc4.2 (&gt;= 4.2.0+dfsg) but it is not installable ros-noetic-tf : Depends: libboost-thread1.71.0 but it is not installable ros-noetic-tf-conversions : Depends: liborocos-kdl1.4 but it is not installable ros-noetic-tf2 : Depends: libconsole-bridge0.4 but it is not installable ros-noetic-tf2-ros : Depends: libboost-thread1.71.0 but it is not installable Depends: ros-noetic-tf2-py but it is not going to be installed ros-noetic-theora-image-transport : Depends: libconsole-bridge0.4 but it is not installable Depends: libopencv-core4.2 (&gt;= 4.2.0+dfsg) but it is not installable Depends: libopencv-imgproc4.2 (&gt;= 4.2.0+dfsg) but it is not installable ros-noetic-turtle-actionlib : Depends: libboost-thread1.71.0 but it is not installable ros-noetic-urdf : Depends: libboost-filesystem1.71.0 but it is not installable Depends: libconsole-bridge0.4 but it is not installable Depends: libtinyxml2-6a (&gt;= 5.0.0) but it is not installable Depends: liburdfdom-model but it is not installable E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.我执行到第三步后出现报错,请在此基础上给我能够成功安装ros1的操作步骤
最新发布
07-23
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