nvenc vs x264 对比（2）

最新推荐文章于 2025-06-01 19:45:46 发布

James-0

最新推荐文章于 2025-06-01 19:45:46 发布

阅读量4.6k

点赞数

CC 4.0 BY-SA版权

分类专栏：音视频文章标签： nvenc x264 硬编 GPU

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/smallhujiu/article/details/83109297

音视频专栏收录该内容

15 篇文章

订阅专栏

本文对比分析了Nvidia NVENC硬件编码器与X264软件编码器在编码速度、画质和压缩比上的差异。结果显示，NVENC在编码速度上远超X264，但在低码率下的画质表现略逊一筹。高码率下，两者画质差距缩小，NVENC甚至在某些场景下超越X264。

摘要生成于 C知道，由 DeepSeek-R1 满血版支持，前往体验 >

目标

分析Nvidia nvenc与x264的性能、编码质量差异。主要通过fps来衡量编码速度和效率，PSNR、SSIM、VMAF来衡量编码的画质，通过绘制PSNR-Bitrate、SSIM-Bitrate和VMAF-Bitrate来衡量编码器的压缩比。

并通过以上的实验分析研究给出推荐的nvenc硬件编码参数方案。

数据准备

为了包含普遍性选取以下YUV序列进行测试：

序号	名称	特点	来源
1	HoneyBee_1920x1080_120fps_420_8bit_YUV	静态风景	Ultra Video Group
2	Beauty_1920x1080_120fps_420_8bit_YUV	人物人脸	Ultra Video Group
3	ReadySteadyGo_1920x1080_120fps_420_8bit_YUV	动静结合	Ultra Video Group
4	Jockey_1920x1080_120fps_420_8bit_YUV	动态场景	Ultra Video Group

下载地址http://ultravideo.cs.tut.fi/#testsequences

软件平台为 FFmpeg 4.0、cuda-9.0、x264 core 152 r2854 e9a5903

硬件平台 Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4790K CPU @ 4.00GHz

GeForce GTX 1070

数据结果

序列	编码器	crf/cq	码率	FPS	SSIM	PSNR	VMAF
HoneyBee_1920x1080_120fps_420_8bit_YUV (静态风景)	x264	23	1 142 kb/s	Avg 11fps	0.966367	42.673071	93.229984
		22	1 538 kb/s		0.966969	42.807444	93.604552
		21	2 112 kb/s		0.967301	42.898571	93.872343
		20	2 971 kb/s		0.967376	42.951301	94.088281
		19	4 390 kb/s		0.967502	43.000987	94.305109
		18	6 659 kb/s		0.96817	43.107878	94.498364
	h264_nvenc	29	1 558 kb/s	Avg 300fps	0.965211	42.414146	92.309237
		28	1 916 kb/s		0.966475	42.662536	92.888773
		27	2 420 kb/s		0.967389	42.83722	93.355142
		26	3 394 kb/s		0.968352	43.034606	93.836945
		25	5 009 kb/s		0.969049	43.169559	94.212584
		24	6 467 kb/s		0.969516	43.258397	94.48651
		23	7 655 kb/s		0.970118	43.370822	94.678167
Beauty_1920x1080_120fps_420_8bit_YUV （人物人脸）	x264	23	4 646 kb/s	Avg 7.8fps	0.907387	39.506563	86.955729
		22	7 969 kb/s		0.911566	39.730311	88.441581
		21	13.9 Mb/s		0.917782	40.024225	89.955126
		20	22.2 Mb/s		0.926521	40.469882	91.353492
		19	33.0 Mb/s		0.937083	41.094158	92.663296
		18	44.9 Mb/s		0.946832	41.77845	93.786576
	h264_nvenc	29	4 416 kb/s	Avg 285fps	0.906965	39.52038	85.61732
		28	5 045 kb/s		0.908194	39.593546	86.135306
		27	6 114 kb/s		0.909663	39.685933	87.001687
		26	7 074 kb/s		0.910912	39.758997	87.514632
		25	8 307 kb/s		0.91283	39.875242	88.109289
		24	9 635 kb/s		0.91463	39.975455	88.527011
		23	11.5 Mb/s		0.917268	40.123596	89.212238
		22	13.5 Mb/s		0.92005	40.283055	90.013753
		20	18.3 Mb/s		0.925588	40.589961	90.985245
		19	21.6 Mb/s		0.928698	40.776674	91.452868
		18	24.6 Mb/s		0.931846	40.971574	91.93481
		17	28.9 Mb/s		0.936008	41.231439	92.555518
		16	32.9 Mb/s		0.940297	41.514844	93.234179
		15	38.3 Mb/s		0.943979	41.790617	93.686612
		14	41.9 Mb/s		0.946649	41.99993	94.032839

序列	编码器	crf/cq	码率	FPS	SSIM	PSNR	VMAF
ReadySteadyGo_1920x1080_120fps_420_8bit_YUV （动静结合）	x264	23	5 250 kb/s	Avg 11fps	0.973024	41.35144	99.847043
		22	5 935 kb/s		0.975221	41.86688	99.887195
		21	6 758 kb/s		0.97722	42.376556	99.907291
		20	7 747 kb/s		0.978987	42.868935	99.924166
		19	8 930 kb/s		0.980579	43.346492	99.934924
		18	10.5 Mb/s		0.981981	43.809721	99.944512
	h264_nvenc	28	5 510 kb/s	Avg 365fps	0.968046	40.914532	99.755936
		27	6 267 kb/s		0.970652	41.427228	99.838525
		26	7 099 kb/s		0.973114	41.938614	99.875673
		25	7 946 kb/s		0.975542	42.461083	99.900183
		24	8 928 kb/s		0.977298	42.905	99.91347
		23	10.2 Mb/s		0.979208	43.427446	99.931529
		22	11.4 Mb/s		0.980875	43.892208	99.941689
		21	12.9 Mb/s		0.982204	44.327115	99.951173
		20	14.6 Mb/s		0.983424	44.737646	99.958296
		19	16.5 Mb/s		0.984578	45.165276	99.964782
		18	18.8 Mb/s		0.985555	45.531964	99.969128
		16	24.8 Mb/s		0.987419	46.300306	99.979554
		15	28.1 Mb/s		0.988196	46.655861	99.982537
		14	32.4 Mb/s		0.989028	47.035096	99.985571
Jockey_1920x1080_120fps_420_8bit_YUV.yuv （动态场景）	x264	23	3 326 kb/s	Avg 5.6fps	0.961379	42.598642	97.102017
		22	3 939 kb/s		0.962699	42.865526	97.62748
		21	4 794 kb/s		0.964007	43.124791	98.068354
		20	6 114 kb/s		0.965091	43.356008	98.4783
		19	8 411 kb/s		0.966279	43.589986	98.911127
		18	11.6 Mb/s		0.968081	43.884075	99.267466
	h264_nvenc	29	3 629 kb/s	Avg 289fps	0.963432	43.000248	97.036621
		28	4 127 kb/s		0.964588	43.239886	97.39259
		27	4 771 kb/s		0.96554	43.449789	97.75171
		25	6 289 kb/s		0.967282	43.814619	98.295378
		23	8 642 kb/s		0.968726	44.112918	98.763351
		21	12.0 Mb/s		0.970304	44.430428	99.065527

结果总结

画质

crf 23的质量前提下，从PSNR、SSIM指标来看在不同场景的测试序列中，nvenc和x264的表现互有优劣，从VMAF指标来看普遍呈现低码率下nvenc的劣势，在平均5000k的码率下，VMAF越差距1分左右。在crf 18较高的质量要求下，差距明显缩小，在平均10M的码率下，较为静态和人物人脸的场景，nvenc VMAF值反超x264，运动场景中差距仅为0.1分左右，主观较难看出差别。