java: Internal error in the mapping processor: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/xml/bind/JAXBE

解决IDEA中MapStruct使用JDK10编译项目时出现的JAXBElement内部错误,更换为JDK8后问题解决。

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IDEA报错如下:

Error:(19, 8) java: Internal error in the mapping processor: 
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/xml/bind/JAXBElement  	at 
org.mapstruct.ap.internal.model.source.builtin.JaxbElemToValue.<init>
(JaxbElemToValue.java:41)  	at 
org.mapstruct.ap.internal.model.source.builtin.BuiltInMappingMethods.<init>
(BuiltInMappingMethods.java:49)  	at 
org.mapstruct.ap.internal.processor.creation.MappingResolverImpl.<init>(MappingResolverImpl.java:99)  	at 
org.mapstruct.ap.internal.processor.MapperCreationProcessor.process(MapperCreationProcessor.java:98)  	at 
org.mapstruct.ap.internal.processor.MapperCreationProcessor.process(MapperCreationProcessor.java:76)  	at 
org.mapstruct.ap.MappingProcessor.process(MappingProcessor.java:270)  	at 
org.mapstruct.ap.MappingProcessor.processMapperTypeElement(MappingProcessor.java:250)  	at 
org.mapstruct.ap.MappingProcessor.processMapperElements(MappingProcessor.java:216)  	at org.mapstruct.ap.MappingProcessor.process(MappingProcessor.java:155)  	at
 jdk.compiler/com.sun.tools.javac.processing.JavacProcessingEnvironment.callProcessor(JavacProcessingEnvironment.java:964)  	at 
 jdk.compiler/com.sun.tools.javac.processing.JavacProcessingEnvironment.discoverAndRunProcs(JavacProcessingEnvironment.java:881)  	at
 jdk.compiler/com.sun.tools.javac.processing.JavacProcessingEnvironment.access$2100(JavacProcessingEnvironment.java:110)  	at 
 jdk.compiler/com.sun.tools.javac.processing.JavacProcessingEnvironment$Round.run(JavacProcessingEnvironment.java:1202)  	at 
 jdk.compiler/com.sun.tools.javac.processing.JavacProcessingEnvironment.doProcessing(JavacProcessingEnvironment.java:1311)  	at 
 jdk.compiler/com.sun.tools.javac.main.JavaCompiler.processAnnotations(JavaCompiler.java:1250)  	at 
 jdk.compiler/com.sun.tools.javac.main.JavaCompiler.compile(JavaCompiler.java:928)  	at jdk.compiler/com.sun.tools.javac.api.JavacTaskImpl.lambda$doCall$0(JavacTaskImpl.java:100)  	at 
 jdk.compiler/com.sun.tools.javac.api.JavacTaskImpl.handleExceptions(JavacTaskImpl.java:142)  	at 
 jdk.compiler/com.sun.tools.javac.api.JavacTaskImpl.doCall(JavacTaskImpl.java:96)  	at jdk.compiler/com.sun.tools.javac.api.JavacTaskImpl.call(JavacTaskImpl.java:90)  	at org.jetbrains.jps.javac.JavacMain.compile(JavacMain.java:198)  	at 
 org.jetbrains.jps.incremental.java.JavaBuilder.compileJava(JavaBuilder.java:450)  	at 
 org.jetbrains.jps.incremental.java.JavaBuilder.compile(JavaBuilder.java:318)  	at 
 org.jetbrains.jps.incremental.java.JavaBuilder.doBuild(JavaBuilder.java:243)  	at 
 org.jetbrains.jps.incremental.java.JavaBuilder.build(JavaBuilder.java:201)  	at 
 org.jetbrains.jps.incremental.IncProjectBuilder.runModuleLevelBuilders(IncProjectBuilder.java:1317)  	at 
 org.jetbrains.jps.incremental.IncProjectBuilder.runBuildersForChunk(IncProjectBuilder.java:993)  	at 
 org.jetbrains.jps.incremental.IncProjectBuilder.buildTargetsChunk(IncProjectBuilder.java:1065)  	at 
 org.jetbrains.jps.incremental.IncProjectBuilder.buildChunkIfAffected(IncProjectBuilder.java:956)  	at 
 org.jetbrains.jps.incremental.IncProjectBuilder.buildChunks(IncProjectBuilder.java:788)  	at 
 org.jetbrains.jps.incremental.IncProjectBuilder.runBuild(IncProjectBuilder.java:377)  	at 
 org.jetbrains.jps.incremental.IncProjectBuilder.build(IncProjectBuilder.java:184)  	at org.jetbrains.jps.cmdline.BuildRunner.runBuild(BuildRunner.java:138)  	at 
 org.jetbrains.jps.cmdline.BuildSession.runBuild(BuildSession.java:309)  	at 
 org.jetbrains.jps.cmdline.BuildSession.run(BuildSession.java:137)  	at
 org.jetbrains.jps.cmdline.BuildMain$MyMessageHandler.lambda$channelRead0$0(BuildMain.java:235)  	at 
 org.jetbrains.jps.service.impl.SharedThreadPoolImpl.lambda$executeOnPooledThread$0(SharedThreadPoolImpl.java:42)  	at 
 java.base/java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:514)  	at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:264)  	at
  java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1135)  	at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:635)  	at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:844)  Caused by: 
  java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: javax.xml.bind.JAXBElement  	at 
  java.base/java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:466)  	at 
java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:566)  	at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:499)  	... 42 more  

解决方案:使用JDK1.8编译项目;之所以出现这个错误,是因为我使用了JDK10编译项目;换成JDK8后问题消失,具体原因,日后来补

<think>我们正在从Spring Boot项目转向传统的Spring项目配置,因为用户遇到了测试类中报`java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext`的问题,并且可能希望避免Spring Boot的自动配置带来的复杂性。下面将详细介绍如何搭建一个传统的Spring MVC项目(非Spring Boot),包括基本的配置步骤和注意事项。 ### 传统Spring MVC项目搭建步骤(非Spring Boot) #### 1. 创建Maven项目 使用IDE(如IntelliJ IDEA)或Maven命令行创建一个Maven项目,选择`maven-archetype-webapp`作为原型: ```bash mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.example -DartifactId=spring-mvc-project -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp -DinteractiveMode=false ``` #### 2. 配置pom.xml 添加Spring MVC和Servlet API依赖: ```xml <project> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.example</groupId> <artifactId>spring-mvc-project</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>war</packaging> <dependencies> <!-- Spring MVC --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>5.3.23</version> </dependency> <!-- Servlet API --> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>4.0.1</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <!-- 如果需要视图技术(如JSP) --> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId> <version>2.3.3</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <!-- 配置Maven编译插件 --> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.8.1</version> <configuration> <source>1.8</source> <target>1.8</target> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project> ``` #### 3. 配置web.xml 在`src/main/webapp/WEB-INF`目录下创建`web.xml`,配置DispatcherServlet: ```xml <!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd"> <web-app> <display-name>Spring MVC Application</display-name> <!-- 配置DispatcherServlet --> <servlet> <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-servlet.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app> ``` #### 4. 创建Spring配置文件 在`WEB-INF`目录下创建`spring-servlet.xml`(与web.xml中配置一致): ```xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd"> <!-- 启用组件扫描 --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.example.controller"/> <!-- 启用注解驱动 --> <mvc:annotation-driven/> <!-- 配置视图解析器 --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/> </bean> </beans> ``` #### 5. 创建Controller和视图 - 创建Controller类`com.example.controller.HomeController`: ```java package com.example.controller; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; @Controller public class HomeController { @GetMapping("/") public String home() { return "home"; // 对应视图名为 home.jsp } } ``` - 创建JSP视图文件`src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/views/home.jsp`: ```jsp <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>Home</title> </head> <body> <h1>Hello, Traditional Spring MVC!</h1> </body> </html> ``` #### 6. 部署到Tomcat 1. 将项目打包为WAR文件:`mvn clean package` 2. 将生成的WAR文件(位于`target`目录)复制到Tomcat的`webapps`目录 3. 启动Tomcat服务器(`bin/startup.bat`或`bin/startup.sh`) 4. 访问:`http://localhost:8080/spring-mvc-project/` ### 解决ApplicationContext加载失败的关键点 1. **依赖完整性**:确保所有必要依赖(如Spring MVC、Servlet API)已正确添加且版本兼容。 2. **配置文件路径**:在`web.xml`中指定的`contextConfigLocation`必须与实际配置文件路径一致。 3. **组件扫描**:在Spring配置文件中,`<context:component-scan>`的包路径必须包含所有Controller类。 4. **视图解析器**:检查视图解析器的前缀和后缀配置,确保视图文件位置正确。 ### 传统Spring与Spring Boot的主要配置差异 | 配置项 | 传统Spring MVC | Spring Boot | |----------------|---------------------------------|--------------------------------------| | 依赖管理 | 手动添加所有依赖 | 通过starter自动管理依赖 | | 配置方式 | XMLJavaConfig显式配置 | 自动配置为主,可覆盖 | | 内嵌服务器 | 需要外部Tomcat | 内置Tomcat/Jetty,可直接运行 | | 部署 | 打包为WAR,部署到应用服务器 | 可打包为JAR,独立运行 | ### 相关问题 1. 如何在传统Spring项目中集成Thymeleaf模板引擎?[^2] 2. 传统Spring项目如何配置数据源和事务管理? 3. 如何解决传统Spring项目中的多配置文件加载问题? 4. 传统Spring项目与Spring Boot项目在测试配置上有哪些区别? 通过以上步骤,您可以成功搭建一个传统的Spring MVC项目,避免因Spring Boot自动配置带来的隐藏问题,从而更精确地控制Spring容器的初始化过程。</think>### 传统Spring项目搭建指南(非Spring Boot) 以下是完整的传统Spring MVC项目搭建步骤,避免Spring Boot自动配置带来的隐藏问题,特别针对`ApplicationContext`加载失败问题进行了优化: #### 1. Maven项目结构 ```markdown spring-traditional-project/ ├── src/ │ ├── main/ │ │ ├── java/ │ │ │ └── com/example/ │ │ │ ├── controller/HomeController.java │ │ │ └── config/AppConfig.java │ │ ├── resources/ │ │ │ ├── applicationContext.xml # 主配置文件 │ │ │ └── database.properties # 数据库配置 │ │ └── webapp/ │ │ ├── WEB-INF/ │ │ │ ├── web.xml # Servlet配置 │ │ │ └── views/home.jsp # JSP视图 │ └── test/ # 测试目录 │ └── java/com/example/TestConfig.java ``` #### 2. 核心配置文件 **applicationContext.xml** (主Spring配置) ```xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd"> <!-- 显式启用注解驱动 --> <context:annotation-config/> <!-- 手动指定组件扫描路径 --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.example"/> <!-- 视图解析器配置 --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/> </bean> <!-- 显式加载属性文件 --> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:database.properties"/> </beans> ``` **web.xml** (Servlet配置) ```xml <web-app> <display-name>Traditional Spring</display-name> <!-- 上下文加载器 --> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- DispatcherServlet配置 --> <servlet> <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value></param-value> <!-- 显式置空避免自动扫描 --> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app> ``` #### 3. 依赖管理(pom.xml关键部分) ```xml <dependencies> <!-- Spring核心 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>5.3.23</version> </dependency> <!-- Spring MVC --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>5.3.23</version> </dependency> <!-- Servlet API (解决常见IllegalStateException) --> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>4.0.1</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <!-- JSP支持 --> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId> <version>2.3.3</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> ``` #### 4. 测试配置优化(解决ApplicationContext加载失败) ```java @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) // 显式指定配置文件位置 @ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:applicationContext.xml") public class HomeControllerTest { @Autowired private HomeController controller; @Test public void testHomePage() { ModelAndView mav = controller.home(); assertEquals("home", mav.getViewName()); } } ``` #### 5. 常见问题解决方案 | 错误类型 | 解决方案 | |---------|----------| | `Failed to load ApplicationContext` | 检查`@ContextConfiguration`路径是否正确 | | `NoClassDefFoundError` | 确认servlet-api等依赖已添加 | | Bean初始化失败 | 在XML中显式配置`<bean>`替代注解 | | 视图解析失败 | 检查视图解析器前缀/后缀配置 | #### 6. 与传统Spring Boot的主要区别 ```mermaid graph LR A[配置方式] --> B[传统Spring] A --> C[Spring Boot] B --> D[显式XML配置] B --> E[手动依赖管理] C --> F[自动配置] C --> G[Starter依赖] ``` ### 相关问题 1. 如何在传统Spring项目中集成Thymeleaf模板引擎?[^2] 2. 传统Spring项目如何配置多数据源和事务管理? 3. 解决`NoSuchBeanDefinitionException`的完整排查流程是什么? 4. 传统Spring项目如何实现热部署? 5. Spring XML配置与JavaConfig混合使用的最佳实践是什么?
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