本文详细介绍了如何使用OPatch进行Oracle补丁安装及管理中央Inventory目录的相关配置，包括如何查看已安装的补丁、中央Inventory目录内容、以及如何在不同场景下正确配置oraInst.loc文件以避免安装或打补丁时出现错误。
重新发现Oracle太美之oraInst.loc
平台操作系统版本神马的，聪明人一看就知道了，我就不多码字了！
oracle@rh64 oraInventory]$ opatch lsinv
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.6
Copyright (c) 2013, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Oracle Home : /u01/app/db11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
Central Inventory : /u01/app/oraInventory =====>>>可以看到这是个Central Inventory
from : /u01/app/db11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/oraInst.loc =====>>>可以看到这是个Oracle Home Inventory
OPatch version : 11.2.0.3.6
OUI version : 11.2.0.4.0
Log file location : /u01/app/db11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2014-05-15_00-33-12AM_1.log
Lsinventory Output file location : /u01/app/db11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/lsinv/lsinventory2014-05-15_00-33-12AM.txt
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Installed Top-level Products (1):
Oracle Database 11g 11.2.0.4.0
There are 1 product(s) installed in this Oracle Home.
Interim patches (1) :
Patch 18031668 : applied on Wed May 14 03:28:24 CST 2014
Unique Patch ID: 17255543
Patch description: "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.2 (18031668)"
Created on 20 Feb 2014, 05:15:58 hrs PST8PDT
Sub-patch 17478514; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.1 (17478514)"
Bugs fixed:
17288409, 16399083, 17205719, 17811429, 10136473, 16472716, 17614227
17050888, 17040764, 17865671, 17325413, 14010183, 17726838, 13364795
17389192, 17612828, 17080436, 16613964, 17284817, 17441661, 17761775
17721717, 16721594, 17390431, 18203837, 17551709, 17344412, 16043574
17446237, 16863422, 18139690, 17071721, 17501491, 17610798, 17239687
17752121, 17468141, 17602269, 18203835, 17375354, 17313525, 17811456
16731148, 14133975, 18203838, 16956380, 17385178, 17235750, 13866822
17394950, 17478514, 17027426, 12905058, 14338435, 16450169, 13944971
18094246, 16929165, 16785708, 17265217, 17465741, 16220077, 16180763
16069901, 17546973, 16285691, 17323222, 18180390, 17088068, 16875449
17016369, 17443671, 16228604, 17811438, 17811447, 16837842, 18031668
16912439, 17332800, 17393683, 17622427, 17545847, 17186905, 16943711
16850630, 17082359, 17346671, 14852021, 17783588, 17437634, 16618694
17341326, 17296856, 17546761, 17716305
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OPatch succeeded.
============>>>补丁已经打到了11.2.0.4.2,下面是oraInst.loc中的内容：
1.Central Inventory中的oraInst.loc
[oracle@rh64 oraInventory]$ cat /u01/app/oraInventory/oraInst.loc
inventory_loc=/u01/app/oraInventory
inst_group=oinstall
2. ORACLE_HOME下的oraInst.loc
[oracle@rh64 oraInventory]$ echo $ORACLE_HOME
/u01/app/db11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
[oracle@rh64 oraInventory]$ cat /u01/app/db11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/oraInst.loc
inventory_loc=/u01/app/oraInventory
inst_group=oinstall
3. /etc下面的oraInst.loc =====>>>Central Inventory Pointer File
[oracle@rh64 oraInventory]$ cat /etc/oraInst.loc
inventory_loc=/u01/app/oraInventory
inst_group=oinstall
注意：可见上面三个文件都是一样的内容，都是第一行注册目录的位置，第二行为宿主。注意如果你通过新装软件的方式来升级数据库，如果ORACLE的基
目录有所改变，要记得同时修改这三个文件。以免使用OPatch的时候报错。
在oracle官方文档的Oracle® Universal Installer and OPatch User's Guide 11g Release 2 (11.2) for Windows and UNIX有详细描述.
Oracle Universal Installer Inventory的注册目录有如下三个：
1> Central Inventory Pointer File
2> Central Inventory
3> Oracle Home Inventory
1> Central Inventory Pointer File
每一个oracle软件安装都会有它自己的Central Inventory pointer file
Table 2-2 Default Inventory Pointer File Locations
Platform Default Inventory Pointer Location
Linux Linux.PPC64 AIX /etc/oraInst.loc
Solaris.SPARC Solaris.X64 HPUX HPIA HP.TRU64 Linux.IA64 Linux.xSeries /var/opt/oracle/oraInst.loc
Windows Windows.X64 Windows.IA64 HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/Software/Oracle/inst.loc
In UNIX, if you do not want to use the Central Inventory located in the directory specified by the inventory pointer file, you can use the -invPtrLoc flag to specify another inventory pointer file. The syntax is as follows:
./runInstaller -silent -invPtrLoc <Location_of_oraInst.loc> ORACLE_
HOME="<Location_of_Oracle_Home>"
2> Central Inventory
Central Inventory包含了在一个主机上安装的所有Oracle软件产品的信息。
这个下面包括Inventory File，Logs Directory
Oracle强烈建议不要手工修改这下面的inventory.xml，否则会造成产品安装或者patch的时候出现问题。
3> Oracle Home Inventory
包括Components File,Home Properties File,Other Folders
如何创建Central Inventory？（见官档）
./runInstaller -silent -attachHome ORACLE_HOME="<Oracle_Home_Location>"
"CLUSTER_NODES={<node1,node2>}" LOCAL_NODE="<node_name>"
如何创建Removing the Central Inventory？（见官档）
总结：
这个东西我现在感觉就是在安装或者打补丁的时候，还有clone软件的时候，从别的地方tar过来软件的时候，这三个文件需要注意，
另外意外丢失如何重建也可能会遇到。当然还有一些其他的日志信息可供参考的，没啥难得，看看就好
平台操作系统版本神马的，聪明人一看就知道了，我就不多码字了！
oracle@rh64 oraInventory]$ opatch lsinv
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.6
Copyright (c) 2013, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Oracle Home : /u01/app/db11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
Central Inventory : /u01/app/oraInventory =====>>>可以看到这是个Central Inventory
from : /u01/app/db11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/oraInst.loc =====>>>可以看到这是个Oracle Home Inventory
OPatch version : 11.2.0.3.6
OUI version : 11.2.0.4.0
Log file location : /u01/app/db11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2014-05-15_00-33-12AM_1.log
Lsinventory Output file location : /u01/app/db11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/lsinv/lsinventory2014-05-15_00-33-12AM.txt
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Installed Top-level Products (1):
Oracle Database 11g 11.2.0.4.0
There are 1 product(s) installed in this Oracle Home.
Interim patches (1) :
Patch 18031668 : applied on Wed May 14 03:28:24 CST 2014
Unique Patch ID: 17255543
Patch description: "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.2 (18031668)"
Created on 20 Feb 2014, 05:15:58 hrs PST8PDT
Sub-patch 17478514; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.1 (17478514)"
Bugs fixed:
17288409, 16399083, 17205719, 17811429, 10136473, 16472716, 17614227
17050888, 17040764, 17865671, 17325413, 14010183, 17726838, 13364795
17389192, 17612828, 17080436, 16613964, 17284817, 17441661, 17761775
17721717, 16721594, 17390431, 18203837, 17551709, 17344412, 16043574
17446237, 16863422, 18139690, 17071721, 17501491, 17610798, 17239687
17752121, 17468141, 17602269, 18203835, 17375354, 17313525, 17811456
16731148, 14133975, 18203838, 16956380, 17385178, 17235750, 13866822
17394950, 17478514, 17027426, 12905058, 14338435, 16450169, 13944971
18094246, 16929165, 16785708, 17265217, 17465741, 16220077, 16180763
16069901, 17546973, 16285691, 17323222, 18180390, 17088068, 16875449
17016369, 17443671, 16228604, 17811438, 17811447, 16837842, 18031668
16912439, 17332800, 17393683, 17622427, 17545847, 17186905, 16943711
16850630, 17082359, 17346671, 14852021, 17783588, 17437634, 16618694
17341326, 17296856, 17546761, 17716305
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OPatch succeeded.
============>>>补丁已经打到了11.2.0.4.2,下面是oraInst.loc中的内容：
1.Central Inventory中的oraInst.loc
[oracle@rh64 oraInventory]$ cat /u01/app/oraInventory/oraInst.loc
inventory_loc=/u01/app/oraInventory
inst_group=oinstall
2. ORACLE_HOME下的oraInst.loc
[oracle@rh64 oraInventory]$ echo $ORACLE_HOME
/u01/app/db11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
[oracle@rh64 oraInventory]$ cat /u01/app/db11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/oraInst.loc
inventory_loc=/u01/app/oraInventory
inst_group=oinstall
3. /etc下面的oraInst.loc =====>>>Central Inventory Pointer File
[oracle@rh64 oraInventory]$ cat /etc/oraInst.loc
inventory_loc=/u01/app/oraInventory
inst_group=oinstall
注意：可见上面三个文件都是一样的内容，都是第一行注册目录的位置，第二行为宿主。注意如果你通过新装软件的方式来升级数据库，如果ORACLE的基
目录有所改变，要记得同时修改这三个文件。以免使用OPatch的时候报错。
在oracle官方文档的Oracle® Universal Installer and OPatch User's Guide 11g Release 2 (11.2) for Windows and UNIX有详细描述.
Oracle Universal Installer Inventory的注册目录有如下三个：
1> Central Inventory Pointer File
2> Central Inventory
3> Oracle Home Inventory
1> Central Inventory Pointer File
每一个oracle软件安装都会有它自己的Central Inventory pointer file
Table 2-2 Default Inventory Pointer File Locations
Platform Default Inventory Pointer Location
Linux Linux.PPC64 AIX /etc/oraInst.loc
Solaris.SPARC Solaris.X64 HPUX HPIA HP.TRU64 Linux.IA64 Linux.xSeries /var/opt/oracle/oraInst.loc
Windows Windows.X64 Windows.IA64 HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/Software/Oracle/inst.loc
In UNIX, if you do not want to use the Central Inventory located in the directory specified by the inventory pointer file, you can use the -invPtrLoc flag to specify another inventory pointer file. The syntax is as follows:
./runInstaller -silent -invPtrLoc <Location_of_oraInst.loc> ORACLE_
HOME="<Location_of_Oracle_Home>"
2> Central Inventory
Central Inventory包含了在一个主机上安装的所有Oracle软件产品的信息。
这个下面包括Inventory File，Logs Directory
Oracle强烈建议不要手工修改这下面的inventory.xml，否则会造成产品安装或者patch的时候出现问题。
3> Oracle Home Inventory
包括Components File,Home Properties File,Other Folders
如何创建Central Inventory？（见官档）
./runInstaller -silent -attachHome ORACLE_HOME="<Oracle_Home_Location>"
"CLUSTER_NODES={<node1,node2>}" LOCAL_NODE="<node_name>"
如何创建Removing the Central Inventory？（见官档）
总结：
这个东西我现在感觉就是在安装或者打补丁的时候，还有clone软件的时候，从别的地方tar过来软件的时候，这三个文件需要注意，
另外意外丢失如何重建也可能会遇到。当然还有一些其他的日志信息可供参考的，没啥难得，看看就好
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