线程等待
#include<pthread.h>
int pthread_join (pthread_t tid , void **rval_ptr)
功能:
阻塞调用线程,直到指定的线程终止
1)Tid:等待退出的线程ID
2)Rval_ptr 线程退出的返回值的指针
例题1.thread_join.c
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
void *thread(void *str)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
{
sleep(1);
printf( "This in the thread : %d\n" , i );
}
return NULL;
}
int main()
{
pthread_t pth;
int i;
int ret = pthread_create(&pth, NULL, thread, (void *)(i));
pthread_join(pth, NULL); //注意与下面的例题区别
printf("123\n");
for (i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
{
sleep(1);
printf( "This in the main : %d\n" , i );
}
return 0;
}

注意:先调用指定的线程,然后进入进程。
例题2.thread_join.c
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
void *thread(void *str)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
{
sleep(1);
printf( "This in the thread : %d\n" , i );
}
return NULL;
}
int main()
{
pthread_t pth;
int i;
int ret = pthread_create(&pth, NULL, thread, (void *)(i));
// pthread_join(pth, NULL); // 没有了这一句,看打印结果
printf("123\n");
for (i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
{
sleep(1);
printf( "This in the main : %d\n" , i );
}
return 0;
}

总结:
1、 进程创建了线程之后,首先运行的是进程
2、 pthread_join(pth, NULL);让进程等待,去执行指定的线程,直到线程的结束,然后执行进程。
3、 本例中进程与线程都sleep(1)秒,所以当进程运行到sleep(1)时,停止一秒的瞬间,程序到线程执行,线程sleep(1)秒,程序又到进程执行,如此循 环。
线程标识:
#include<pthread.h>
pthread_t pthread_self(void)
功能:
获取调用线程的thread identifier
例题3.thread_id.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h> /*getpid()*/
void *create(void *arg)
{
printf("New thread .... \n");
printf("This thread's id is %u \n", (unsigned int)pthread_self());
printf("The process pid is %d \n",getpid());
return (void *)0;
}
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
pthread_t tid;
int error;
printf("Main thread is starting ... \n");
error = pthread_create(&tid, NULL, create, NULL);
if(error)
{
printf("thread is not created ... \n");
return -1;
}
printf("The main process's pid is %d \n",getpid());
sleep(1); //进程睡眠1秒,程序进入线程
return 0;
}

清除
线程终止有两种情况:
正常与非正常终止:
Ø 线程主动调用pthread_exit或者从线程函数中return都将使线程正常退出,这是可预见的退出方式。
Ø 非正常终止是线程在其他线程的干预下,或者由于自身运行出错(比如访问非法地址)而退出,这种退出方式是不可遇见的。
从pthread_cleanup_push的调用点到pthread_cleanup_pop之间的程序段中的终止动作(包括调用pthread_exit()和异常终止,不包括return)都将执行pthread_cleanup_push()所指定的清理函数。
注意:
pthread_cleanup_push和pthread_cleanup_pop成对出现
#include<pthread.h>
Void pthread_cleanup_push (void (*rtn)(void*),void *arg)
功能:
将清除函数压入清除栈
Rtn:清除函数
Arg:清除函数的参数
#include<pthread.h>
Void pthread_cleanup_pop (int execute)
功能:
将清除函数弹出栈
参数:
Execute执行到pthread_cleanup_pop ()时是否在弹出清理函数的同时执行该函数,非0,执行。0,不执行。
例题4. thread_clean.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>
void *clean(void *arg)
{
printf("cleanup :%s \n",(char *)arg);
return (void *)0;
}
void *thr_fn1(void *arg)
{
printf("thread 1 start \n");
pthread_cleanup_push( (void*)clean,"thread 1 first handler");
pthread_cleanup_push( (void*)clean,"thread 1 second hadler");
printf("thread 1 push complete \n");
if(arg)
{
return((void *)1); //return()特例,不调用pthread_cleanup_push()
}
pthread_cleanup_pop(0);
pthread_cleanup_pop(0);
return (void *)1;
}
void *thr_fn2(void *arg)
{
printf("thread 2 start \n");
pthread_cleanup_push( (void*)clean,"thread 2 first handler");
pthread_cleanup_push( (void*)clean,"thread 2 second handler");
printf("thread 2 push complete \n");
if(arg)
{
pthread_exit((void *)2); //提示pthread_cleanup_push()开始工作
}
pthread_cleanup_pop(0);
pthread_cleanup_pop(0);
pthread_exit((void *)2);
}
int main(void)
{
int err;
pthread_t tid1,tid2;
void *tret;
err=pthread_create(&tid1,NULL,thr_fn1,(void *)1);
if(err!=0)
{
printf("error .... \n");
return -1;
}
err=pthread_create(&tid2,NULL,thr_fn2,(void *)1);
if(err!=0)
{
printf("error .... \n");
return -1;
}
err=pthread_join(tid1,&tret);
if(err!=0)
{
printf("error .... \n");
return -1;
}
printf("thread 1 exit code %d \n",(int)tret);
err=pthread_join(tid2,&tret);
if(err!=0)
{
printf("error .... ");
return -1;
}
printf("thread 2 exit code %d \n",(int)tret);
return 1;
}
运行

分析:
1)void *thr_fn1(void *arg)调用了return()。所以不调用 pthread_cleanup_push()与pthread_cleanup_pop();
2)void *thr_fn2(void *arg)调用了pthread_exit((void *)2);,所以pthread_cleanup_push()与pthread_cleanup_pop();开始工作。
为什么会先打印

因为程序运行到pthread_cleanup_push( (void*)clean,"thread 2 first handler");时,pthread_cleanup_push( (void*)clean,"thread 2 first handler");先进栈,接着pthread_cleanup_push( (void*)clean,"thread 2 second handler");后进栈,打印时pthread_cleanup_push( (void*)clean,"thread 2 second handler");先出栈,所以先打印
若:

其他不变。
打印:

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