题目描述
初始函数
class Solution {
public int[] twoSum(int[] nums, int target) {
}
}
思路解析
- 最好想的就是暴力法,拿第一个和第二个、第三个、第四个加和是不是等于target,然后再用第二个和第三个、第四个、第五个等等依次加和,时间复杂度,很简单两个for循环,n²级别。
public int[] twoSum(int[] nums, int target) {
for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
for (int j = i + 1; j < nums.length; j++) {
if (nums[j] == target - nums[i]) {
return new int[] { i, j };
}
}
}
throw new IllegalArgumentException("No two sum solution");
}
- 用hash表来做:首先将所有数组元素放到hash表中,然后再监测是否含有每个元素的差值?(注意:存储数组元素为键key,因为有containsKey()方法存取比较简单,containsValue()比较麻烦)
public int[] twoSum(int[] nums, int target) {
Map<Integer, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
map.put(nums[i], i);
}
for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
int complement = target - nums[i];
if (map.containsKey(complement) && map.get(complement) != i) {
return new int[] { i, map.get(complement) };
}
}
}
- 改进的思路:
在放入hash表的过程中,就随时监测表中是否有(target-当前值)相关元素。
class Solution {
public int[] twoSum(int[] nums, int target) {
HashMap<Integer,Integer> hm = new HashMap<Integer,Integer>();
int length = nums.length;
int [] result = new int[2];
for(int i=0;i<length;i++){
if(hm.containsKey(target-nums[i])) {
result[0] = hm.get(target-nums[i]);
result[1] = i;
break;
}
hm.put(nums[i], i);
}
return result;
}
}
思考题:
- hashMap取元素是怎么取的?根据key的hash值定位到table的表头,如果发现hash冲突,则根据链表来逐个比较值。只不过时间复杂度从o(1)上升到o(N)。
- hashMap中containsKey是怎么判断的?
public boolean containsKey(Object key) {
return getNode(hash(key), key) != null;
}
final Node<K,V> getNode(int hash, Object key) {
Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> first, e; int n; K k;
if ((tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) > 0 &&
(first = tab[(n - 1) & hash]) != null) {
if (first.hash == hash && // always check first node
((k = first.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
return first;
if ((e = first.next) != null) {
if (first instanceof TreeNode)
return ((TreeNode<K,V>)first).getTreeNode(hash, key);
do {
if (e.hash == hash &&
((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
return e;
} while ((e = e.next) != null);
}
}
return null;
}