Spring之依赖注入bean

本文介绍了Spring框架中Bean的四种依赖注入方式:set方式、构造方法、p注解和表达式注入。通过实例配置XML文件及测试用例,详细阐述了每种注入方法的使用步骤和应用场景。

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0.前期准备

创建Person类

package com.hy.spring.pojo;

public class Person {
	
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Person [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", mycar=" + mycar + "]";
	}

	private String name;
	private Integer age;
	private Car mycar;
	
	public  Person() {
		super();
		System.out.println("构造方法被调用");
	}

    public Person(String name, Integer age, Car mycar) {
	
		this.name=name;
		this.age=age;
		this.mycar=mycar;
		System.out.println("构造方法Person(String name, Integer age, Car mycar)被调用");
	}

	
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public Integer getAge() {
		return age;
	}

	public void setAge(Integer age) {
		this.age = age;
	}

	public Car getMycar() {
		return mycar;
	}

	public void setMycar(Car mycar) {
		this.mycar = mycar;
	}
	
}

创建Car类

package com.hy.spring.pojo;


public class Car {
	
	private String name;
	private String color;
	
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Car [name=" + name + ", color=" + color + "]";
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public String getColor() {
		return color;
	}
	public void setColor(String color) {
		this.color = color;
	}	

}
1. set方式注入

applicationContxt.xml的配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
        
    <!-- bean:使容器创建对象 -->
    <!--bean name: 相当于变量名 Person person=new Person(); -->
    <!-- class:类的全类名(全限定名) -->
    <!-- property name: 表示bean对应的类中有这个值的属性,value为你想通过set方法设置的这个属性的值 -->
    <!------------------->
    <!-- 注意:如果你想设置的property name并不是一个单一属性,比如这里的属性mycar,为Car类型的,后面设置的时候通过,ref实现,而不是简单的value了-->
    
    <bean name="car"  class="com.hy.spring.pojo.Car">
        <property name="name" value="BMW"></property>
       <property name="color" value="red"></property>
    </bean>
    
    <bean name="person" class="com.hy.spring.pojo.Person">
         <property name="name" value="Tom"></property>
         <property name="age" value="18"></property>
         <property name="mycar" ref="car"></property>
    </bean>    
    
</beans>        

测试

package com.hy.spring.pojo;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Test {

	@Test
	public void SetTest() {
		
		ApplicationContext context=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
		
		Person person=(Person)context.getBean("person");
		System.out.println(person);
	}
}

2. 构造方法注入

applicationContxt.xml的配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
        
    <bean name="car"  class="com.hy.spring.pojo.Car">
        <property name="name" value="BMW"></property>
       <property name="color" value="red"></property>
    </bean>
   <!-- 也可用index实现-->
    <!--  
      <bean name="person" class="com.hy.spring.pojo.Person">
         <constructor-arg index="0" value="Tom"></constructor-arg>
         <constructor-arg index="1" value="18"></constructor-arg>
         <constructor-arg index="2" ref="car"></constructor-arg>
       </bean>
   -->
       <bean name="person" class="com.hy.spring.pojo.Person">
         <constructor-arg name="name" value="Tom"></constructor-arg>
         <constructor-arg name="age" value="18"></constructor-arg>
         <constructor-arg name="mycar" ref="car"></constructor-arg>
       </bean>     
</beans>        

测试

package com.hy.spring.pojo;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Test {
	@Test
	public void ConstructorTest() {
		
		ApplicationContext context=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
		Person person=(Person)context.getBean("person");
		System.out.println(person);
	}
}

3. p注入

applicationContxt.xml的配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    
    <!--注意要加上 xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" --> 
    <bean name="car"  class="com.hy.spring.pojo.Car">
        <property name="name" value="BMW"></property>
       <property name="color" value="red"></property>
    </bean>
   
      <bean name="personp" class="com.hy.spring.pojo.Person" 
      p:name="pTom" 
      p:age="23" 
      p:mycar-ref="car">
      </bean>   
</beans>        

测试

package com.hy.spring.pojo;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Test {

	@Test
	public void PTest() {
		
		ApplicationContext context=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
		Person person=(Person)context.getBean("personp");
		System.out.println(person);
	}
}

4. 表达式注入
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    
    <bean name="car"  class="com.hy.spring.pojo.Car">
        <property name="name" value="BMW"></property>
       <property name="color" value="red"></property>
    </bean>
    <!-- set方法注入-->
     <bean name="person" class="com.hy.spring.pojo.Person">
         <property name="name" value="Tom"></property>
         <property name="age" value="18"></property>
         <property name="mycar" ref="car"></property>
    </bean> 
      
      <bean name="Elperson" class="com.hy.spring.pojo.Person">
         <property name="name" value="#{person.name}"></property>
         <property name="age" value="#{person.age}"></property>
         <property name="mycar" ref="car"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>        

测试

package com.hy.spring.pojo;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Test {

	@Test
	public void ElTest() {
		
		ApplicationContext context=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
		Person person=(Person)context.getBean("Elperson");
		System.out.println(person);
	}
}

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