PSO

Cognitive component（认知成分）：which is proportional to the distance of the particle from its own best position found since the first time step.
Socially exchanged information(社会成分) :is referred to as the social component of the velocity equation.
The $\textbf{previous velocity}$
The $\textbf{cognitive component}$
The Lbest-PSO and Gbest-PSO
Algorithm Aspects

1. initialize the swarm and control parameters. In the context of the basic PSO, the acceleration constants, $c_1$ and $c_2$,the initial velocities,particle positions and personal best positions need to be specified. In addition, the $lbest$ PSO requries the size of neighbourhoods to be specified.
2. The stopping condition should protect against oversampling of the fitness.