Oracle 12c RAC安装PSU

这篇博客详细介绍了在Oracle 12c RAC环境中,如何逐个节点升级Grid Infrastructure(OPatch)和Database PSU。包括了从GI OPatch升级,GI PSU安装,DB OPatch升级到DB PSU安装的完整步骤,并提供了每个步骤后的检查方法,确保所有节点顺利更新。

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=================================================================

1.      node1升级 GI OPatch

2.      node1安装GI PSU

3.      node1查看GI PSU安装情况

4.      node1升级DB OPatch

5.      node1安装DB PSU

6.      node1查看DB PSU升级情况

7.      剩余node依次进行上述操作

=================================================================

# /u01/app/12.1.0/grid/OPatch/opatchauto apply -oh /u01/app/12.1.0/grid
 
Systeminitialization log file is/u01/app/12.1.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchautodb/systemconfig2016-08-08_12-30-53PM.log.
 
Sessionlog file is/u01/app/12.1.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/opatchauto2016-08-08_12-31-17PM.log
The idfor this session is QKPM
[init:init]Executing OPatchAutoBinaryAction action on home /u01/app/12.1.0/grid
 
ExecutingOPatch prereq operations to verify patch applicability on CRS Home........
 
[init:init]OPatchAutoBinaryAction action completed on home /u01/app/12.1.0/gridsuccessfully
[init:init]Executing GIRACPrereqAction action on home /u01/app/12.1.0/grid
 
Executingprereq operations before applying on CRS Home........
 
[init:init]GIRACPrereqAction action completed on home /u01/app/12.1.0/grid successfully
[shutdown:shutdown]Executing GIShutDownAction action on home /u01/app/12.1.0/grid
 
Performingprepatch operations on CRS Home........
 
Prepatchoperation log file location:/u01/app/12.1.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/crsconfig/crspatch_zkywa1_2016-08-08_12-32-10AM.log
 
[shutdown:shutdown]GIShutDownAction action completed on home /u01/app/12.1.0/grid successfully
[offline:binary-patching]Executing OPatchAutoBinaryAction action on home /u01/app/12.1.0/grid
 
Startapplying binary patches on CRS Home........
 
[offline:binary-patching]OPatchAutoBinaryAction action completed on home /u01/app/12.1.0/gridsuccessfully
[startup:startup]Executing GIStartupAction action on home /u01/app/12.1.0/grid
 
Performingpostpatch operations on CRS Home........
 
Postpatchoperation log file location:/u01/app/12.1.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/crsconfig/crspatch_zkywa1_2016-08-08_12-44-21AM.log
 
[startup:startup]GIStartupAction action completed on home /u01/app/12.1.0/grid successfully
[finalize:finalize]Executing OracleHomeLSInventoryGrepAction action on home /u01/app/12.1.0/grid
 
Verifyingpatches applied on CRS Home.
 
[finalize:finalize]OracleHomeLSInventoryGrepAction action completed on home /u01/app/12.1.0/gridsuccessfully
 
 --------------------------------Summary--------------------------------
 
Patchingis completed successfully. Please find the summary as follows:
 
Host:zkywa1
CRS Home:/u01/app/12.1.0/grid
Summary:
 
 ==Following patches were SUCCESSFULLY applied:
 
Patch:/u01/psu/psu/22646084/22291127
Log:/u01/app/12.1.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/core/opatch/opatch2016-08-08_12-33-40PM_1.log
 
Patch:/u01/psu/psu/22646084/22502555
Log:/u01/app/12.1.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/core/opatch/opatch2016-08-08_12-33-40PM_1.log
 
 
OPatchAutosuccessful.
# /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/OPatch/opatchauto apply -oh /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1
 
Systeminitialization log file is/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatchautodb/systemconfig2016-08-07_05-48-09PM.log.
 
Sessionlog file is/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/opatchauto2016-08-07_05-48-58PM.log
The idfor this session is Q3RN
[init:init]Executing OPatchAutoBinaryAction action on home/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1
 
ExecutingOPatch prereq operations to verify patch applicability on RAC Home........
 
[init:init]OPatchAutoBinaryAction action completed on home /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1successfully
[init:init]Executing GIRACPrereqAction action on home /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1
 
Executingprereq operations before applying on RAC Home........
 
[init:init]GIRACPrereqAction action completed on home /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1successfully
[init:init]Executing RACDBPrereqAction action on home /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1
 
No stepexecution required.........
 
[init:init]RACDBPrereqAction action completed on home /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1successfully
[shutdown:prepare-shutdown]Executing RACPrepareShutDownAction action on home/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1
 
No stepexecution required.........
 
[shutdown:prepare-shutdown]RACPrepareShutDownAction action completed on home /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1successfully
[shutdown:shutdown]Executing RACShutDownAction action on home /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1
 
Stoppingthe database service on RAC Home for patching........
 
[shutdown:shutdown]RACShutDownAction action completed on home /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1successfully
[shutdown:shutdown]Executing RACOneAction action on home /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1
 
/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1is not a RACOne database. No step execution required........
 
[shutdown:shutdown]RACOneAction action completed on home /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1successfully
[offline:prepare]Executing RACPatchingAction action on home /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1
 
Performingprepatch operation on RAC Home........
 
[offline:prepare]RACPatchingAction action completed on home /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1successfully
[offline:binary-patching]Executing OPatchAutoBinaryAction action on home/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1
 
Startapplying binary patches on RAC Home........
 
[offline:binary-patching]OPatchAutoBinaryAction action completed on home/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1 successfully
[offline:finalize]Executing RACPatchingAction action on home /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1
 
Performingpostpatch operation on RAC Home........
 
[offline:finalize]RACPatchingAction action completed on home /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1successfully
[startup:startup]Executing RACOneAction action on home /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1
 
/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1is not a RACOne database. No step execution required........
 
[startup:startup]RACOneAction action completed on home /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1successfully
[startup:startup]Executing RACStartupAction action on home /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1
 
Startingthe database service on RAC Home........
 
[startup:startup]RACStartupAction action completed on home /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1successfully
[startup:finalize]Executing RACFinalizeStartAction action on home/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1
 
No stepexecution required.........
 
[startup:finalize]RACFinalizeStartAction action completed on home/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1 successfully
[online:product-patching]Executing RACOnlineAction action on home /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1
 
No stepexecution required.........
 
[online:product-patching]RACOnlineAction action completed on home /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1successfully
[finalize:finalize]Executing OracleHomeLSInventoryGrepAction action on home/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1
 
Verifyingpatches applied on RAC Home.
 
[finalize:finalize]OracleHomeLSInventoryGrepAction action completed on home/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1 successfully
 
--------------------------------Summary--------------------------------
 
Patchingis completed successfully. Please find the summary as follows:
 
Host:zkywb2
RACHome:/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1
Summary:
 
==Followingpatches were SUCCESSFULLY applied:
 
Patch:/u01/psu/psu/22646084/22291127
Log:/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/core/opatch/opatch2016-08-07_17-49-57PM_1.log
 
Patch:/u01/psu/psu/22646084/22502555
Log:/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/core/opatch/opatch2016-08-07_17-49-57PM_1.log
 
 
OPatchAutosuccessful.
 
zkywa1:/home/grid>opatch lsinventory                                                                                                                                                                   
 Oracle Interim Patch Installer version12.1.0.1.12
 Copyright (c) 2016, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.
 
 
 Oracle Home       : /u01/app/12.1.0/grid
 Central Inventory : /u01/app/oraInventory
    from           : /u01/app/12.1.0/grid/oraInst.loc
 OPatch version    : 12.1.0.1.12
 OUI version       : 12.1.0.2.0
 Log file location :/u01/app/12.1.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2016-08-08_12-50-14PM_1.log
 
 Lsinventory Output file location :/u01/app/12.1.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatch/lsinv/lsinventory2016-08-08_12-50-14PM.txt
 
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Local Machine Information::
 Hostname: zkywa1
 ARU platform id: 197
 ARU platform description:: HP-UX Itanium
 
 Installed Top-level Products (1):
 
 Oracle Grid Infrastructure 12c                                      12.1.0.2.0
 There are 1 products installed in this OracleHome.
 
 
 Interim patches (3) :
 
 Patch 22502555     : applied on Mon Aug08 12:44:15 GMT+08:00 2016
 Unique Patch ID:  20077793
 Patch description:  "OCW Patch Set Update : 12.1.0.2.160419(22502555)"
    Created on 14 Apr 2016, 02:38:42 hrsPST8PDT
    Bugs fixed:
      21339083, 19701617, 18589889, 20768643,19139608, 19280860, 19061429
      21453435, 19133945, 19521169, 19341538,20011424, 18946768, 19135521
      18604143, 19361757, 19187207, 19302350,19627476, 19130141, 19530755
      20317221, 19620918, 20177779, 19699720,19168690, 19266658, 18899171
      19244316, 19653795, 18330979, 19471722,18634372, 19027351, 21227730
      18707416, 19536337, 19184188, 19131709,21113068, 20160490, 20235486
      19925992, 20995001, 20006646, 21131037,18991776, 18439295, 19380733
      21245437, 18943696, 20552947, 19591984,19550195, 18135723, 19163425
      20014326, 19524857, 18849021, 18890943,18861196, 19154753, 17940721
      18524834, 19522313, 18748932, 18835283,19184765, 19499021, 19046190
      20923930, 20028666, 14851828, 19051385,19682695, 19050688, 19831611
      20598625, 21607972, 19226141, 19053891,18871287, 18998228, 21087799
      18922918, 18980002, 19683886, 18956780,19325604, 18777835, 19026993
      17338864, 18362971, 19558324, 18261648,18945906, 19513650, 20185476
      19478119, 18882642, 19702758, 18952577,17447588, 19414274, 20752167
      19262534, 19147513, 21242118, 19514085,19473088, 20758997, 19178517
      18729269, 19659885, 19529729, 19455563,20877072, 19319904, 18703978
      20340620, 18536826, 19700256, 19703246,19292605, 20467806, 19192901
      21527118, 20660273, 20011635, 17592037,22989069, 19147751, 19479503
      19029647, 19179158, 22302421, 18901356,19140712, 20012766, 21232394
      18964974, 18835366, 19184276, 19207286,19013789, 20001507, 20510208
      18950232, 19148791, 19259765, 19680763,20079414, 16505171, 19556820
      19449737, 18962892, 21646169, 19187515,19513888, 19230771, 14661880
      21519340, 21222147, 20218012, 20795241,19853036, 19453778, 19551830
      19068333, 21616278, 18520351, 18843572,19185148, 18945435, 20775015
      19232454, 21220597, 18541110, 18834955,19319192, 19204743, 19178629
      20839581, 21694237, 19304104, 18747335,19140891, 20676340, 20725084
      19270660, 19457575, 21297657, 19021575,19069755, 18715884, 19584688
      18798573, 19812592, 19018001, 19325701,19292272, 19270956, 20877003
      21794779, 19222693, 18700893, 21276514,19662663, 18406774, 19684131
      20607821, 19010177, 21082737, 19272663,21694632, 18910576, 18907170
      19426384, 9372680, 20115586, 20883009,19700294, 19164099, 20289828
      18283792, 19331454, 19155350, 20119857,19703199, 18955644, 18508710
      19908346, 18798432, 19146822, 21123424,19589221, 18952857, 19471836
      19537762, 16286734, 18750781, 20669114,18762843, 19045143, 18945249
      19146980, 19184799, 19601003, 19205086,20099624, 19351363, 21378016
      20091753, 18862203, 19537547, 19281106,19031737, 19079087, 18968981
      19148367, 19150517, 20231741, 19954372,19217019, 18730096, 18235274
      18975620, 19205617, 19513351, 20219458,18843054, 19150313, 18708349
      19332386, 18953639, 21423055, 21259359,19067804, 19371270, 19203996
      19318983, 19209951, 19054979, 20038431,18747382, 19154673, 18752378
      19150088, 19370846, 19013444, 19234177,21053036, 18998379, 20157569
      18999857, 19273577, 19367276, 19075747,19632437, 18990354, 19288396
      19874047, 19612597, 20620581, 19557558,19427050, 19127078, 20900588
      18910443, 20053557, 20033787, 19315567,19444471, 19148982, 20953798
      18290252, 19915945, 18813323, 19777496,19500293, 20730170, 18643483
      19277814, 18523468, 19134098, 20562133,19071526, 21420753, 18965694
      19226858, 18850051, 19602208, 19591356,20061168, 18417590, 19370739
      18920408, 20822591, 19609388, 18636884,18776786, 20136892, 22289350
      18989446, 19148793, 19043795, 19585454,20746507, 19955755, 18317489
      18260170, 19059053, 18919682, 19807548,18678829, 19124972, 19147509
      18849896, 18910748, 19617592, 19319357,19273758, 18953878, 19076165
      19704993, 18999195, 19498411, 18759724,21294273, 19459023, 20634511
      21474380, 21484367, 20276459, 19066844,17208793, 19234907, 20290467
      13843841, 19538714, 19383028, 19649640,19062675, 19513969, 18859710
      20862812, 19504641, 19341481, 20293730,19986391, 18304090, 19343245
      19314048, 18834934, 19473851, 19241655,18242738, 19458082, 19470791
      18894342, 20649573, 18372060, 19522067,18953889, 18827679, 19259290
      19140711, 19023430, 19045388, 20186278,19241857, 19076778, 19522571
      19709663, 18875012, 18861564, 19066699,19273760, 19225265, 15885689
      20853464, 18819158, 21696068, 19068003,18937186, 19916737, 19049721
      21394146, 19368917, 21255373, 19635215,19613533, 18868829, 20408163
      20350915, 21327402, 22024217, 19315522,20783416, 23101338, 19141785
      19885321, 19163887, 19820247, 20363708,18715868, 18852058, 19538241
      19804032
 
 Patch 22291127     : applied on Mon Aug08 12:36:29 GMT+08:00 2016
 Unique Patch ID:  19924191
 Patch description:  "Database Patch Set Update :12.1.0.2.160419 (22291127)"
    Created on 6 Apr 2016, 04:15:51 hrs PST8PDT
 Sub-patch 21948354; "Database Patch Set Update : 12.1.0.2.160119(21948354)"
 Sub-patch 21359755; "Database Patch Set Update : 12.1.0.2.5 (21359755)"
 Sub-patch 20831110; "Database Patch Set Update : 12.1.0.2.4 (20831110)"
 Sub-patch 20299023; "Database Patch Set Update : 12.1.0.2.3 (20299023)"
 Sub-patch 19769480; "Database Patch Set Update : 12.1.0.2.2 (19769480)"
    Bugs fixed:
      16923858, 19309466, 19518079, 19902195,18250893, 17655240, 19371175
      18940497, 19028800, 19035573, 19074147,18456643, 17274537, 19154375
      20474192, 19044962, 19289642, 18845653,19532017, 19915271, 18417036
      22374754, 20471920, 22528741, 19243521,19052488, 19658708, 21153266
      19326908, 19597583, 20074391, 19174430,19157754, 22046677, 18921743
      19865345, 19065677, 19065556, 19018447,19018206, 19777862, 19054077
      20688221, 19304354, 21899588, 13542050,19723336, 20879889, 19835133
      20890311, 19333670, 20869721, 21756699,19687159, 14643995, 19012119
      19869255, 19291380, 17551063, 18681056,20588502, 19676012, 19520602
      19841800, 19439759, 20245930, 19303936,19001359, 19248799, 20373598
      19393542, 19155797, 19279273, 18886413,18618122, 19990037, 22353346
      19141838, 19644859, 21915719, 20509482,21421886, 19358317, 19134173
      20447445, 19335438, 18966843, 19077215,19390567, 19058490, 21526048
      18799993, 19769480, 19068970, 21620471,19023822, 21225209, 19670108
      19068610, 19284031, 19450314, 19016730,18967382, 21756677, 20476175
      20919320, 20347562, 18674047, 19385656,18849537, 20348653, 19684504
      19896336, 20048359, 20899461, 19524384,19143550, 19024808, 18948177
      16439813, 18354830, 20596234, 19468991,20440930, 20397490, 20466628
      20936905, 21756661, 19791273, 19706965,19604659, 16359751, 19032777
      19329654, 18990023, 19928926, 19591608,19307662, 20173897, 21847223
      19571367, 18914624, 21668627, 20281121,19075256, 21260431, 20877664
      19501299, 19487147, 20425790, 19076343,19430401, 19676905, 20904530
      20925795, 20441797, 19124589, 19888853,16870214, 18202441, 18743542
      19001390, 21442094, 19081128, 19280225,22173980, 21315084, 21875360
      19178851, 19149990, 20294666, 20951038,19989009, 22168163, 19606174
      21517440, 19791377, 19050649, 19382851,22762046, 19189525, 19174942
      18988834, 19703301, 20122715, 19176326,18411216, 19048007, 20117253
      19258504, 21188532, 17890099, 16887946,19238590, 18791688, 20387265
      22092979, 19721304, 19490948, 19619732,20356733, 18436647, 18499088
      20165574, 18952989, 20825533, 19272708,19547370, 20794034, 21281532
      19978542, 19468347, 20284155, 20657441,19883092, 19409212, 17365043
      19805359, 20952966, 19434529, 19176223,21300341, 18799063, 18990693
      18288842, 20831538, 20424899, 19699191,22353199, 20361671, 18674024
      19689979, 20235511, 19873610, 16619249,18964978, 21091431, 19440586
      19577410, 18610915, 19561643, 19399918,19195895, 20746251, 19183343
      20043616, 18856999, 21787056, 18893947,21273804, 19067244, 19587324
      18885870, 21329301, 19536415, 17835294,20446883, 22062026, 19189317
      19708632, 21917884, 21744290, 20134339,20711718, 18973548, 20413820
      19185876, 20101006, 19197175, 20558005,20402832, 19627012, 20093776
      18909599, 19597439, 19180770, 19879746,20618595, 19354335, 19730508
      19315691, 19639483, 20331945, 19512341,19637186, 19174521, 19022470
      18607546, 18306996, 19649152, 18964939,20318889, 20124446
 
 Patch 20948770     : applied on Mon Aug08 12:04:11 GMT+08:00 2016
 Unique Patch ID:  18886306
    Created on 7 May 2015, 14:04:23 hrs PST8PDT
    Bugs fixed:
      20948770, 19622096
 
 
 
 Patch level status of Cluster nodes :
 
  Patching Level                  Nodes
  --------------                  -----
  413107318                       zkywa1
  2855974029                      zkywa2
 
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 OPatch succeeded.

zkywa1:/home/oracle> opatch lsinventory                                                                                                                                                                 
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 12.1.0.1.12
Copyright (c) 2016, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.




Oracle Home       : /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1
Central Inventory : /u01/app/oraInventory
   from           : /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version    : 12.1.0.1.12
OUI version       : 12.1.0.2.0
Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2016-08-08_14-32-06PM_1.log


Lsinventory Output file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/lsinv/lsinventory2016-08-08_14-32-06PM.txt


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Machine Information::
Hostname: zkywa1
ARU platform id: 197
ARU platform description:: HP-UX Itanium


Installed Top-level Products (1): 


Oracle Database 12c                                                  12.1.0.2.0
There are 1 products installed in this Oracle Home.




Interim patches (2) :


Patch  22502555     : applied on Mon Aug 08 14:30:44 GMT+08:00 2016
Unique Patch ID:  20077793
Patch description:  "OCW Patch Set Update : 12.1.0.2.160419 (22502555)"
   Created on 14 Apr 2016, 02:38:42 hrs PST8PDT
   Bugs fixed:
     21339083, 19701617, 18589889, 20768643, 19139608, 19280860, 19061429
     21453435, 19133945, 19521169, 19341538, 20011424, 18946768, 19135521
     18604143, 19361757, 19187207, 19302350, 19627476, 19130141, 19530755
     20317221, 19620918, 20177779, 19699720, 19168690, 19266658, 18899171
     19244316, 19653795, 18330979, 19471722, 18634372, 19027351, 21227730
     18707416, 19536337, 19184188, 19131709, 21113068, 20160490, 20235486
     19925992, 20995001, 20006646, 21131037, 18991776, 18439295, 19380733
     21245437, 18943696, 20552947, 19591984, 19550195, 18135723, 19163425
     20014326, 19524857, 18849021, 18890943, 18861196, 19154753, 17940721
     18524834, 19522313, 18748932, 18835283, 19184765, 19499021, 19046190
     20923930, 20028666, 14851828, 19051385, 19682695, 19050688, 19831611
     20598625, 21607972, 19226141, 19053891, 18871287, 18998228, 21087799
     18922918, 18980002, 19683886, 18956780, 19325604, 18777835, 19026993
     17338864, 18362971, 19558324, 18261648, 18945906, 19513650, 20185476
     19478119, 18882642, 19702758, 18952577, 17447588, 19414274, 20752167
     19262534, 19147513, 21242118, 19514085, 19473088, 20758997, 19178517
     18729269, 19659885, 19529729, 19455563, 20877072, 19319904, 18703978
     20340620, 18536826, 19700256, 19703246, 19292605, 20467806, 19192901
     21527118, 20660273, 20011635, 17592037, 22989069, 19147751, 19479503
     19029647, 19179158, 22302421, 18901356, 19140712, 20012766, 21232394
     18964974, 18835366, 19184276, 19207286, 19013789, 20001507, 20510208
     18950232, 19148791, 19259765, 19680763, 20079414, 16505171, 19556820
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Patch  22291127     : applied on Mon Aug 08 14:23:20 GMT+08:00 2016
Unique Patch ID:  19924191
Patch description:  "Database Patch Set Update : 12.1.0.2.160419 (22291127)"
   Created on 6 Apr 2016, 04:15:51 hrs PST8PDT
Sub-patch  21948354; "Database Patch Set Update : 12.1.0.2.160119 (21948354)"
Sub-patch  21359755; "Database Patch Set Update : 12.1.0.2.5 (21359755)"
Sub-patch  20831110; "Database Patch Set Update : 12.1.0.2.4 (20831110)"
Sub-patch  20299023; "Database Patch Set Update : 12.1.0.2.3 (20299023)"
Sub-patch  19769480; "Database Patch Set Update : 12.1.0.2.2 (19769480)"
   Bugs fixed:
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Rac system comprising of multiple nodes
  Local node = zkywa1
  Remote node = zkywa2


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


OPatch succeeded.


### RT-DETRv3 网络结构分析 RT-DETRv3 是一种基于 Transformer 的实时端到端目标检测算法,其核心在于通过引入分层密集正监督方法以及一系列创新性的训练策略,解决了传统 DETR 模型收敛慢和解码器训练不足的问题。以下是 RT-DETRv3 的主要网络结构特点: #### 1. **基于 CNN 的辅助分支** 为了增强编码器的特征表示能力,RT-DETRv3 引入了一个基于卷积神经网络 (CNN) 的辅助分支[^3]。这一分支提供了密集的监督信号,能够与原始解码器协同工作,从而提升整体性能。 ```python class AuxiliaryBranch(nn.Module): def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels): super(AuxiliaryBranch, self).__init__() self.conv = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3, padding=1) self.bn = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels) def forward(self, x): return F.relu(self.bn(self.conv(x))) ``` 此部分的设计灵感来源于传统的 CNN 架构,例如 YOLO 系列中的 CSPNet 和 PAN 结构[^2],这些技术被用来优化特征提取效率并减少计算开销。 --- #### 2. **自注意力扰动学习策略** 为解决解码器训练不足的问题,RT-DETRv3 提出了一种名为 *self-att 扰动* 的新学习策略。这种策略通过对多个查询组中阳性样本的标签分配进行多样化处理,有效增加了阳例的数量,进而提高了模型的学习能力和泛化性能。 具体实现方式是在训练过程中动态调整注意力权重分布,确保更多的高质量查询可以与真实标注 (Ground Truth) 进行匹配。 --- #### 3. **共享权重解编码器分支** 除了上述改进外,RT-DETRv3 还引入了一个共享权重的解编码器分支,专门用于提供密集的正向监督信号。这一设计不仅简化了模型架构,还显著降低了参数量和推理时间,使其更适合实时应用需求。 ```python class SharedDecoderEncoder(nn.Module): def __init__(self, d_model, nhead, num_layers): super(SharedDecoderEncoder, self).__init__() decoder_layer = nn.TransformerDecoderLayer(d_model=d_model, nhead=nhead) self.decoder = nn.TransformerDecoder(decoder_layer, num_layers=num_layers) def forward(self, tgt, memory): return self.decoder(tgt=tgt, memory=memory) ``` 通过这种方式,RT-DETRv3 实现了高效的目标检测流程,在保持高精度的同时大幅缩短了推理延迟。 --- #### 4. **与其他模型的关系** 值得一提的是,RT-DETRv3 并未完全抛弃经典的 CNN 技术,而是将其与 Transformer 结合起来形成混合架构[^4]。例如,它采用了 YOLO 系列中的 RepNCSP 模块替代冗余的多尺度自注意力层,从而减少了不必要的计算负担。 此外,RT-DETRv3 还借鉴了 DETR 的一对一匹配策略,并在此基础上进行了优化,进一步提升了小目标检测的能力。 --- ### 总结 综上所述,RT-DETRv3 的网络结构主要包括以下几个关键组件:基于 CNN 的辅助分支、自注意力扰动学习策略、共享权重解编码器分支以及混合编码器设计。这些技术创新共同推动了实时目标检测领域的发展,使其在复杂场景下的表现更加出色。 ---
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