postgresql大版本升级

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本文介绍了从 PostgreSQL 9.4.6 版本升级到 9.5.1 版本的过程。包括安装新版本、数据库初始化、使用 pg_upgrade 工具进行数据迁移等步骤。

原文地址：http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/yangzhawen/article/details/51006625
环境:
当前版本:pg 9.4.6 安装路劲为:/data/pg946/
目标版本:pg 9.5.1 安装路劲为:/data/pg951/
*****************************************************
1.安装新版本
*****************************************************
/*******
make --version
gcc --version
perl --version
python --version
----1.安装环境包
yum -y install wget gcc gcc-c++ readline-devel zlib-devel make systemtap systemtap-sdt-devel \
perl perl-devel python python-devel tcl tcl-devel perl-ExtUtils-Embed \
sgml-common docbook stylesheets openjade sgml-tools xsltproc libxslt libxslt-devel \
libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pam pam-devel bison flex libreadline6-devel
******/
----2.编译安装
#useradd postgres && echo 'password' |passwd --stdin postgres
#mkdir -p /data/pg951/data && chown -R postgres /data/pg951/data
# wget https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v9.5.1/
#mkdir -p /soft && cd /soft
#rz
# tar xf postgresql-9.5.1.tar.gz && cd postgresql-9.5.1
#./configure
./configure --prefix=/data/pg951 \
--with-pgport=5435 \
--with-perl --with-python --with-tcl \
--with-openssl --without-ldap \
--with-libxml --with-libxslt \
--enable-thread-safety \
--with-wal-blocksize=64 \
--with-blocksize=32 \
--with-wal-segsize=64 \
-enable-dtrace \
--enable-debug
#make && make install
-----3.执行数据库初始化脚本(指定字符集)
$/data/pg951/bin/initdb -D /data/pg951/data --encoding=utf8 -U postgres
---结果如下
The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres".
This user must also own the server process.
The database cluster will be initialized with locale "C".
The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "SQL_ASCII".
The default text search configuration will be set to "english".
Data page checksums are disabled.
fixing permissions on existing directory /data/pg951/data ... ok
creating subdirectories ... ok
selecting default max_connections ... 100
selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB
selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix
creating configuration files ... ok
creating template1 database in /data/pg951/data/base/1 ... ok
initializing pg_authid ... ok
initializing dependencies ... ok
creating system views ... ok
loading system objects' descriptions ... ok
creating collations ... ok
creating conversions ... ok
creating dictionaries ... ok
setting privileges on built-in objects ... ok
creating information schema ... ok
loading PL/pgSQL server-side language ... ok
vacuuming database template1 ... ok
copying template1 to template0 ... ok
copying template1 to postgres ... ok
syncing data to disk ... ok
WARNING: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections
You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A, or
--auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb.
Success. You can now start the database server using:
/data/pg951/bin/pg_ctl -D /data/pg951/data -l logfile start
----4.启动pg新版本
$cp postgresql.conf /data/pg951/data/
$/data/pg951/bin/pg_ctl -D /data/pg951/data status
$/data/pg951/bin/pg_ctl -D /data/pg951/data start
$退出变更登录
exit
*****************************************************
---2.升级
*****************************************************
-----1.将两个库都停止服务
$ netstat -lntp | grep postgres
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5432 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 6287/postgres
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:5435 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 6303/postgres
$/data/pg946/bin/pg_ctl -D /data/pg946/data stop
$/data/pg951/bin/pg_ctl -D /data/pg951/data stop
$ /data/pg946/bin/pg_ctl -D /data/pg946/data status
pg_ctl: no server running
$ /data/pg951/bin/pg_ctl -D /data/pg951/data status
pg_ctl: no server running
------2.执行pg_upgrade
#mkdir -p /data/upgrade && chown -R postgres /data/upgrade
----2.1 进行pg_upgrade检查
$cd /data/upgrade/
$/data/pg951/bin/pg_upgrade -c -b /data/pg946/bin \
-B /data/pg951/bin/ -d /data/pg946/data -D /data/pg951/data -p 5432 -P 5435
Performing Consistency Checks
-----------------------------
Checking cluster versions ok
Checking database user is the install user ok
Checking database connection settings ok
Checking for prepared transactions ok
Checking for reg* system OID user data types ok
Checking for contrib/isn with bigint-passing mismatch ok
Checking for presence of required libraries ok
Checking database user is the install user ok
Checking for prepared transactions ok
*Clusters are compatible*
----2.2进行pg_upgrade升级
两种升级方式:
1).缺省的通过拷贝数据文件到新的data目录下，拷贝的方式升级较慢，但是原库还可用；
2).硬链接的方式升级较快，但是原库不可用.
$/data/pg951/bin/pg_upgrade -b /data/pg946/bin \
-B /data/pg951/bin/ -d /data/pg946/data -D /data/pg951/data -p 5432 -P 5435
----执行结果
Performing Consistency Checks
-----------------------------
Checking cluster versions ok
Checking database user is the install user ok
Checking database connection settings ok
Checking for prepared transactions ok
Checking for reg* system OID user data types ok
Checking for contrib/isn with bigint-passing mismatch ok
Creating dump of global objects ok
Creating dump of database schemas
ok
Checking for presence of required libraries ok
Checking database user is the install user ok
Checking for prepared transactions ok
If pg_upgrade fails after this point, you must re-initdb the
new cluster before continuing.
Performing Upgrade
------------------
Analyzing all rows in the new cluster ok
Freezing all rows on the new cluster ok
Deleting files from new pg_clog ok
Copying old pg_clog to new server ok
Setting next transaction ID and epoch for new cluster ok
Deleting files from new pg_multixact/offsets ok
Copying old pg_multixact/offsets to new server ok
Deleting files from new pg_multixact/members ok
Copying old pg_multixact/members to new server ok
Setting next multixact ID and offset for new cluster ok
Resetting WAL archives ok
Setting frozenxid and minmxid counters in new cluster ok
Restoring global objects in the new cluster ok
Restoring database schemas in the new cluster
ok
Creating newly-required TOAST tables ok
Copying user relation files
ok
Setting next OID for new cluster ok
Sync data directory to disk ok
Creating script to analyze new cluster ok
Creating script to delete old cluster ok
Upgrade Complete
----------------
Optimizer statistics are not transferred by pg_upgrade so,
once you start the new server, consider running:
./analyze_new_cluster.sh
Running this script will delete the old cluster's data files:
./delete_old_cluster.sh
---3. 修改新版本为正常端口号
$ grep -i "^port" /data/pg951/data/postgresql.conf
port = 5435 # (change requires restart)
$ sed -i "s/5435/5432/1" /data/pg951/data/postgresql.conf
port = 5432 # (change requires restart)
----4.修改环境变量
# su - postgres
$ vi ~/.bash_profile
# postgres
#PostgreSQL端口
PGPORT=5432
#PostgreSQL数据目录
PGDATA=/data/pg951/data
export PGPORT PGDATA
#所使用的语言
export LANG=en_US.utf8
#PostgreSQL 安装目录
export PGHOME=/data/pg951
#PostgreSQL 连接库文件
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$PGHOME/lib:/lib64:/usr/lib64:/usr/local/lib64:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export DATE=`date +"%Y%m%d%H%M"`
#将PostgreSQL的命令行添加到 PATH 环境变量
export PATH=$PGHOME/bin:$PATH
#PostgreSQL的 man 手册
export MANPATH=$PGHOME/share/man:$MANPATH
#PostgreSQL的默认用户
export PGUSER=postgres
#PostgreSQL默认主机地址
export PGHOST=127.0.0.1
#默认的数据库名
export PGDATABASE=postgres
#source ~/.bash_profile
----5.PostgreSQL执行脚本
#复制PostgreSQL执行脚本
cp /soft/postgresql-9.5.1/contrib/start-scripts/linux /etc/init.d/postgresql
#增加执行权限
chmod +x /etc/init.d/postgresql
#编辑PostgreSQL执行脚本,确定以下参数或修改
#vi /etc/init.d/postgresql
# Installation prefix
prefix=/data/pg951
# Data directory
PGDATA="/data/pg951/data"
# Who to run the postmaster as, usually "postgres". (NOT "root")
PGUSER=postgres
# Where to keep a log file
PGLOG="$PGDATA/serverlog"
----6.启动新版本
/data/pg951/bin/pg_ctl -D /data/pg951/data start
-----7.验证
$ /data/pg951/bin/psql --version
psql (PostgreSQL) 9.5.1
$ /data/pg951/bin/psql
psql (9.5.1)
Type "help" for help.
postgres@127.0.0.1 ~=# \l
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges
-----------+----------+----------+------------+------------+-----------------------
postgres | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 |
template0 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 | =c/postgres +
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
template1 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 | postgres=CTc/postgres+
| | | | | =c/postgres
wind | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 |
(4 rows)
postgres@127.0.0.1 ~=# \c wind
You are now connected to database "wind" as user "postgres".
postgres@127.0.0.1 wind=# \d
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner
--------+------+-------+----------
public | t00 | table | postgres
(1 row)
postgres@127.0.0.1 wind=# select count(*) from t00;
count
-------
1000
(1 row)
Time: 2.308 ms
postgres@127.0.0.1 wind=#
---8.删除老版本软件
$ cat delete_old_cluster.sh
#!/bin/sh
rm -rf '/data/pg941/data'
$ ./delete_old_cluster.sh