arm汇编学习

    最近着手做DCT arm汇编的优化。需要将arm汇编快速的掌握。

   汇编的重要性:(ARM:Assembly Language Programming》,作者是Peter Knaggs & Stephen Welsh.作者提出学习汇编的必要性和重要性)

         第一就是教育和培训不是一码事,大学就应该学大学里该教的内容,当然学生也得好好学.
         第二是汇编语言是计算机体系结构和计算机软件的基础
         第三:汇编可以帮助我们更好的理解数据类型,指针,堆栈、函数调用、递归调用以及参数传递,汇编可以更直接的访问IO和设备,帮助理解设备驱动等等.

任何汇编行都是如下结构:
 
[<label>:] [<instruction or directive>} @ comment
[<标签>:] [<指令>} @ 注释
 
GNU ARM 汇编中,任何以冒号结尾的都被认为是一个标签,而不一定非要在一行的开始。下面是一个简单的例子,这段汇编程序定义了一个"add"的函数,该函数返回两个参数的和:
 
.section .text, “x”
.global add @ give the symbol add external linkage
add:
ADD r0, r0, r1 @ add input arguments
MOV pc, lr @ return from subroutine
@ end of program

学习ARM汇编指令的经典资料。 对ARM的各种汇编指令进行了深入全面的讲解,并给出了各种示例和详细注解,并且还对一些值得注意的点或是容易犯错误的地方进行了总结。 目录 前言................................................................................................................................................................i 目录................................................................................................................................................................I ARM7TDMI(-S)指令集及汇编....................................................................................................................1 ARM处理器寻址方式..........................................................................................................................2 寄存器寻址....................................................................................................................................2 立即寻址........................................................................................................................................2 寄存器偏移寻址............................................................................................................................2 寄存器间接寻址............................................................................................................................3 基址寻址........................................................................................................................................3 多寄存器寻址................................................................................................................................4 堆栈寻址........................................................................................................................................4 块拷贝寻址....................................................................................................................................5 相对寻址........................................................................................................................................5 指令集介绍............................................................................................................................................7 ARM指令集..................................................................................................................................7 指令格式................................................................................................................................7 第2个操作数................................................................................................................7 #immed_8r...........................................................................................................7 Rm..........................................................................................................................8 Rm,shift..................................................................................................................8 条件码............................................................................................................................9 ARM存储器访问指令........................................................................................................11   LDR和STR........................................................................................................11   LDM和STM.......................................................................................................14   SWP.....................................................................................................................17 ARM数据处理指令............................................................................................................19 数据传送指令..............................................................................................................20   MOV............................................................................................................20   MVN............................................................................................................20 算术逻辑运算指令......................................................................................................20   ADD.............................................................................................................20   SUB..............................................................................................................21   RSB..............................................................................................................21   ADC.............................................................................................................21   SBC..............................................................................................................21   RSC..............................................................................................................22   AND.............................................................................................................22   ORR..............................................................................................................22   EOR..............................................................................................................22   BIC...............................................................................................................23 比较指令......................................................................................................................23   CMP.............................................................................................................23   CMN.............................................................................................................23   TST...............................................................................................................24   TEQ..............................................................................................................24 乘法指令......................................................................................................................25   MUL.............................................................................................................25   MLA.............................................................................................................25   UMULL........................................................................................................25   UMLAL........................................................................................................26   SMULL........................................................................................................26   SMLAL........................................................................................................26 ARM跳转指令....................................................................................................................27   B...........................................................................................................................27   BL.........................................................................................................................27   BX........................................................................................................................27 ARM协处理器指令............................................................................................................28   CDP......................................................................................................................28   LDC......................................................................................................................29   STC......................................................................................................................29   MCR.....................................................................................................................30   MRC.....................................................................................................................30 ARM杂项指令....................................................................................................................31   SWI......................................................................................................................31   MRS.....................................................................................................................32   MSR.....................................................................................................................33 ARM伪指令........................................................................................................................34   ADR.....................................................................................................................35   ADRL...................................................................................................................35   LDR......................................................................................................................36   NOP......................................................................................................................37 Thumb指令集.............................................................................................................................39 Thumb指令集与ARM指令集的区别..............................................................................39 Thumb存储器访问指令.....................................................................................................40   LDR和STR........................................................................................................41   PUSH和POP......................................................................................................43   LDMIA和STMIA..............................................................................................43 Thumb数据处理指令.........................................................................................................45 数据传送指令..............................................................................................................46   MOV............................................................................................................46   MVN............................................................................................................46   NEG..............................................................................................................47 算术逻辑运算指令......................................................................................................47   ADD.............................................................................................................47   SUB..............................................................................................................48   ADC.............................................................................................................49   SBC..............................................................................................................49   MUL.............................................................................................................50   AND.............................................................................................................50   ORR..............................................................................................................50   EOR..............................................................................................................51   BIC...............................................................................................................51   ASR..............................................................................................................51   LSL...............................................................................................................52   LSR..............................................................................................................52   ROR..............................................................................................................53 比较指令......................................................................................................................53   CMP.............................................................................................................53   CMN.............................................................................................................54   TST...............................................................................................................54 Thumb跳转指令.........................................................................................................55   B...................................................................................................................55   BL.................................................................................................................55   BX................................................................................................................55 Thumb杂项指令.........................................................................................................56   SWI..............................................................................................................56 Thumb伪指令.............................................................................................................57   ADR.............................................................................................................57   LDR..............................................................................................................57   NOP..............................................................................................................58 伪指令..................................................................................................................................................59 符号定义伪指令..........................................................................................................................59   GBLA、GBLL、GBLS..............................................................................................59   LCLA、LCLL、LCLS................................................................................................60   SETA、SETL、SETS.................................................................................................61   RLIST...........................................................................................................................61   CN................................................................................................................................62   CP.................................................................................................................................62   DN、SN.......................................................................................................................62   FN.................................................................................................................................63 数据定义伪指令..........................................................................................................................63   LTORG.........................................................................................................................64   MAP.............................................................................................................................64   FIELD..........................................................................................................................65   SPACE..........................................................................................................................66   DCB.............................................................................................................................66   DCD和DCDU............................................................................................................67   DCDO..........................................................................................................................67   DCFD和DCFDU........................................................................................................68   DCFS和DCFSU.........................................................................................................68   DCI...............................................................................................................................69   DCQ和DCQU............................................................................................................69   DCW和DCWU..........................................................................................................70 报告伪指令..................................................................................................................................70   ASSERT.......................................................................................................................70   INFO............................................................................................................................71   OPT..............................................................................................................................71   TTL和SUBT..............................................................................................................72 汇编控制伪指令..........................................................................................................................73   IF、ELSE和ENDIF...................................................................................................73   MACRO和MEND.....................................................................................................74   WHIL和WEND.........................................................................................................75 杂项伪指令..................................................................................................................................76   ALIGN.........................................................................................................................77   AREA...........................................................................................................................78   CODE16和CODE32..................................................................................................79   END.............................................................................................................................80   ENTRY.........................................................................................................................80   EQU.............................................................................................................................81   EXPORT和GLOBAL................................................................................................81   IMPORT和EXTERN.................................................................................................82   GET和INCLUDE......................................................................................................83   INCBIN........................................................................................................................83   KEEP............................................................................................................................83   NOFP...........................................................................................................................84   REQUIRE....................................................................................................................84   PEQUIRE8和PRESERVE8.......................................................................................84   RN................................................................................................................................84   ROUT...........................................................................................................................85 ARM伪指令................................................................................................................................86   ADR.............................................................................................................................86   ADRL...........................................................................................................................86   LDR..............................................................................................................................86   NOP..............................................................................................................................86   LDFD...........................................................................................................................86   LDFS............................................................................................................................87 Thumb伪指令.............................................................................................................................87   ADR.............................................................................................................................87   LDR..............................................................................................................................87   NOP..............................................................................................................................88 ARM汇编程序设计............................................................................................................................88 文件格式......................................................................................................................................88 ARM汇编的一些规范................................................................................................................88 汇编语句格式......................................................................................................................88 标号......................................................................................................................................89   基于PC的标号...................................................................................................89   基于寄存器的标号..............................................................................................90   绝对地址..............................................................................................................90 局部标号..............................................................................................................................90 符号......................................................................................................................................91 常量......................................................................................................................................91   数字常数..............................................................................................................91   字符常量..............................................................................................................92   布尔常量..............................................................................................................92 段定义..................................................................................................................................92 宏定义及其作用..................................................................................................................93 子程序的调用..............................................................................................................................94 数据比较跳转..............................................................................................................................95 循环..............................................................................................................................................95 数据块复制..................................................................................................................................95 栈操作..........................................................................................................................................96 特殊寄存器定义及应用..............................................................................................................96 散转功能......................................................................................................................................97 查表操作......................................................................................................................................97 长跳转..........................................................................................................................................97 对信号量的支持..........................................................................................................................98 伪指令使用..................................................................................................................................98 一个完整的例子..........................................................................................................................98 外围部件控制..............................................................................................................................99 三级流水线介绍..........................................................................................................................99 C与汇编混合编程............................................................................................................................100 内嵌汇编....................................................................................................................................100 内嵌汇编的指令用法........................................................................................................103 内嵌汇编器与armasm汇编器的差异.............................................................................104 内嵌汇编注意事项............................................................................................................104 访问全局变量............................................................................................................................106 C与汇编相互调用....................................................................................................................107 寄存器的使用规则............................................................................................................108 堆栈使用规则....................................................................................................................108 参数传递规则....................................................................................................................109 C程序调用汇编程序........................................................................................................110 汇编程序调用C程序.......................................................................................................111 ARM指令集列表..............................................................................................................................113 ARM存储器访问指令表列表..................................................................................................113 ARM数据处理指令列表..........................................................................................................114 ARM乘法指令列表..................................................................................................................115 ARM跳转指令列表..................................................................................................................116 ARM协处理器指令列表..........................................................................................................117 ARM杂项指令列表..................................................................................................................118 ARM伪指令列表......................................................................................................................119 Thumb指令集列表...........................................................................................................................120 Thumb存储器访问指令列表...................................................................................................120 Thumb数据处理指令列表.......................................................................................................121 Thumb跳转指令及软中断指令列表.......................................................................................122 Thumb伪指令列表...................................................................................................................123 汇编预定义变量及伪指令................................................................................................................124 预定义的寄存器和协处理器名................................................................................................124 通用寄存器........................................................................................................................124 程序状态寄存器................................................................................................................124 浮点数寄存器....................................................................................................................124 协处理器及协处理器寄存器............................................................................................125 内置变量列表............................................................................................................................125 伪指令列表................................................................................................................................126 指令条件码列表........................................................................................................................128 CPSR和SPSR分配图.............................................................................................................................129
### 学习ARM汇编的入门指南 学习ARM汇编语言需要从基础概念入手,并结合实际操作进行深入理解。以下是一些关键点和资源推荐,帮助初学者快速掌握ARM汇编的基础知识。 #### 1. ARM汇编的基本概念 ARM汇编是一种低级编程语言,直接与硬件交互,用于编写高效、紧凑的代码。计算机通过电信号的形式接收指令,并将其解释为一系列0/1序列(bits)。为了便于人类理解和记忆,这些电信号被抽象为助记符,形成了汇编语言[^4]。例如,`MOV R0, #1` 是一条典型的ARM汇编指令,表示将值1加载到寄存器R0中。 #### 2. 学习资源推荐 - **官方文档**:ARM官方提供的参考手册是学习ARM汇编的重要资源。它详细描述了每条指令的功能和使用方法。 - **在线教程**:如《Whirlwind Tour of ARM Assembly》和《ARM assembler in Raspberry Pi》等文章提供了丰富的实例和解释,适合初学者逐步掌握。 - **书籍**:《Practical Reverse Engineering: x86, x64, ARM, Windows Kernel, Reversing Tools, and Obfuscation》是一本优秀的逆向工程书籍,其中包含了ARM汇编的相关内容[^4]。 - **集成开发环境(IDE)**:使用Keil MDK等工具可以方便地编写、调试ARM汇编程序[^5]。例如,在Keil中创建一个STM32项目,可以模拟真实的嵌入式开发环境。 #### 3. 实践案例 通过实际编写代码来加深对ARM汇编的理解是非常重要的。以下是一个简单的“Hello, World”程序示例,展示了如何在ARM架构上运行汇编代码[^3]: ```assembly @ 定义数据段 .data msg: .asciz "Hello, ARM\n" @ 定义代码段 .text .global _start _start: @ 将消息地址加载到寄存器R0 LDR R0, =msg @ 调用系统调用以打印字符串 MOV R7, #4 @ 系统调用号4 (sys_write) MOV R1, #1 @ 文件描述符1 (stdout) LDR R2, =len @ 消息长度 SWI 0 @ 触发软中断 @ 退出程序 MOV R7, #1 @ 系统调用号1 (sys_exit) SWI 0 @ 触发软中断 len = . - msg @ 计算消息长度 ``` 此代码片段展示了如何使用ARM汇编编写一个简单的程序,输出“Hello, ARM”字符串[^3]。 #### 4. 进阶学习建议 随着基础知识的掌握,可以进一步探索ARM架构的高级特性,例如异常处理、中断服务程序以及多核处理器的支持。同时,实践是学习汇编语言的关键,建议多尝试编写和调试小型程序,逐步积累经验[^1]。 --- ###
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