oracle无法启动，恢复spfile

oralce无法启动，分很多种情况，请看alertsid.log

一般情况下的启动顺序为

1. spfilesid.ora 。

2.如果没有找到，就直接从spfile.ora 启动。

3.如果还是没有找到，就从initsid.ora启动。

注意这里的sid要换成你自己的sid。 如果是RAC环境，initsid.ora中，一般是放有磁盘共享的spfile的路径。

本文是自己工作操作的一部分，有点乱，空了来整理

Connecting to 192.168.9.252:10094...

Connection established.
Escape character is '^@]'.


Last login: Sat Dec  3 18:49:21 2011 from edsm01
Oracle Corporation      SunOS 5.10      Generic Patch   January 2005
Sourcing //.profile-EIS.....
root@edsm02 # su - grid
Oracle Corporation      SunOS 5.10      Generic Patch   January 2005
$ asmcmd
ASMCMD> 
ASMCMD> ls
DG01DATA/
DG01REDO/
DG02REDO/
DGCRS/
ASMCMD> cd DG01DATA
ASMCMD> ls
UNICOM/
ASMCMD> cd UNICOM/PARAMETERFILE
ASMCMD> ls
spfile.262.768832711
ASMCMD> spcopy spfile.262.^[[2~48318382080/1024/1024/1024=^C
ASMCMD> 
ASMCMD> spcopy spfile.262.768832711 /tmp/
ORA-15056: additional error message
ORA-15300: File +DG01DATA/UNICOM/PARAMETERFILE/spfile.262.768832711 is incompatible with this operation
ORA-06512: at line 7 (DBD ERROR: OCIStmtExecute)
ASMCMD> cp spfile.262.768832711 /tmp/
copying +DG01DATA/UNICOM/PARAMETERFILE/spfile.262.768832711 -> /tmp//spfile.262.768832711
ASMCMD> exit
$ exit
root@edsm02 # cd /tmp
root@edsm02 # cd ^C
root@edsm02 # 
root@edsm02 # su - oracle
Oracle Corporation      SunOS 5.10      Generic Patch   January 2005
export LOGNAME
export ORACLE_BASE
export ORACLE_HOME
export ORACLE_SID
export ORA_CRS_HOME
export PATH
$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
$ cp /tmp/spfile.262.768832711 .
$ ls
core                  hc_unicom2.dat        init.ora              initunicom2.ora       orapwunicom2          spfile.262.768832711
$ more initunicom2.ora
SPFILE='+DG01DATA/unicom/spfileunicom.ora'
$ exit
root@edsm02 # ls
hsperfdata_grid       hsperfdata_noaccess   hsperfdata_root       spfile.262.768832711
root@edsm02 # su - grid
Oracle Corporation      SunOS 5.10      Generic Patch   January 2005
$ asmcmd




ASMCMD> ASMCMD> ASMCMD> 
ASMCMD> cd DG01DATA
ASMCMD> cd unicom
ASMCMD> ls
DATAFILE/
PARAMETERFILE/
TEMPFILE/
spfileunicom.ora
ASMCMD> spcopy spfileunicom.ora /tmp
ORA-15056: additional error message
ORA-15300: File +DG01DATA/unicom/spfileunicom.ora is incompatible with this operation
ORA-06512: at line 7 (DBD ERROR: OCIStmtExecute)
ASMCMD> cp spfileunicom.ora /tmp/
copying +DG01DATA/unicom/spfileunicom.ora -> /tmp//spfileunicom.ora
ASMCMD> exit
$ exit
root@edsm02 # su - oracle
Oracle Corporation      SunOS 5.10      Generic Patch   January 2005
export LOGNAME
export ORACLE_BASE
export ORACLE_HOME
export ORACLE_SID
export ORA_CRS_HOME
export PATH
$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
$ ls
core                  hc_unicom2.dat        init.ora              initunicom2.ora       orapwunicom2          spfile.262.768832711
$ rm spfile*^C
$ 
$ cp /tmp/spfileunicom.ora .
$ ls
core                  hc_unicom2.dat        init.ora              initunicom2.ora       orapwunicom2          spfile.262.768832711  spfileunicom.ora
$ strings ^[[24~spfileunicom.ora |^C
$ 
$ strings  spfileunicom.ora |more
unicom1.__db_cache_size=19327352832
unicom2.__db_cache_size=19327352832
unicom1.__java_pool_size=134217728
unicom2.__java_pool_size=134217728
unicom1.__large_pool_size=402653184
unicom2.__large_pool_size=268435456
unicom1.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
unicom1.__pga_aggregate_target=21340618752
unicom2.__pga_aggregate_target=22682796032
unicom1.__sga_target=25904021504
unicom2.__sga_target=24561844224
unicom1.__shared_io_pool_size=0
unicom2.__shared_
io_pool_size=0
unicom1.__shared_pool_size=3489660928
unicom2.__shared_pool_size=4160749568
unicom1.__streams_pool_size=0
unicom2.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/unicom/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.cluster_database=true
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='+DG01REDO/unicom/controlfile/current.256.768792603','+DG02REDO/unicom/controlfile/current.256.768792605'
*.db_block_size=32768
*.db_cache_size=19327352832
*.db_create_file_dest='+DG01DATA'
*.db_cr
eate_online_log_dest_1='+DG01REDO'
*.db_create_online_log_dest_2='+DG02REDO'
*.db_domain=''
*.db_files=4096
*.db_keep_cache_size=2147483648
*.db_name='unicom'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='+DG01REDO'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=5218762752
*.db_writer_processes=8
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=unicomXDB)'
*.hash_area_size=134217728
unicom2.instance_number=2
unicom1.instance_number=1
*.job_queue_processes=20
*.memory_max_target=47244640256
*.memo
ry_target=47244640256
*.open_cursors=1000
*.parallel_force_local=TRUE
*.parallel_max_servers=94
*.parallel_min_servers=16
*.pga_aggregate_target=21474836480
*.processes=1000
*.remote_listener='rac-scan:1521'
*.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'
*.result_cache_max_size=1073741824
*.sessions=1005
*.sga_target=20401094656
*.sort_area_retained_size=0
*.sort_area_size=67108864
unicom2.thread=2
unicom1.thread=1
unicom2.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS2'
unicom1.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
$ string^C
$ strings spfileunicom.ora > pfileunicom.ora
$ vi pfileunicom.ora
"pfileunicom.ora" 62 lines, 1949 characters 
:q!
unicom2.__large_pool_size=268435456
unicom1.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
unicom1.__pga_aggregate_target=21340618752
unicom2.__pga_aggregate_target=22682796032
unicom1.__sga_target=25904021504
unicom2.__sga_target=24561844224
unicom1.__shared_io_pool_size=0
unicom2.__shared_
io_pool_size=0
unicom1.__shared_pool_size=3489660928
unicom2.__shared_pool_size=4160749568
unicom1.__streams_pool_size=0
unicom2.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/unicom/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.cluster_database=true
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='+DG01REDO/unicom/controlfile/current.256.768792603','+DG02REDO/unicom/controlfile/current.256.768792605'
*.db_block_size=32768
*.db_cache_size=19327352832
*.db_create_file_dest='+DG01DATA'
*.db_cr
eate_online_log_dest_1='+DG01REDO'
*.db_create_online_log_dest_2='+DG02REDO'
*.db_domain=''
*.db_files=4096
*.db_keep_cache_size=2147483648
*.db_name='unicom'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='+DG01REDO'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=5218762752
*.db_writer_processes=8
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
:q!
$ ls
core                  hc_unicom2.dat        init.ora              initunicom2.ora       orapwunicom2          pfileunicom.ora       spfile.262.768832711  spfileunicom.ora
$ ll
ll: not found
$ ls =l
=l: No such file or directory
$ ls -l
total 1862152
-rw-------   1 root     root     47740177543 Dec  3 19:21 core
-rw-rw----   1 oracle   asmadmin    1544 Dec  3 19:27 hc_unicom2.dat
-rw-r--r--   1 oracle   oinstall    2851 Dec  2 00:55 init.ora
-rw-r-----   1 oracle   oinstall      43 Dec  2 12:39 initunicom2.ora
-rw-r-----   1 oracle   oinstall    1536 Dec  2 01:27 orapwunicom2
-rw-r--r--   1 oracle   oinstall    1949 Dec  3 19:29 pfileunicom.ora
-rw-r-----   1 oracle   oinstall    4608 Dec  3 19:27 spfile.262.768832711
-rw-r-----   1 oracle   oinstall    4608 Dec  3 19:28 spfileunicom.ora
$ vi spfileunicom.ora
"spfileunicom.ora" [Incomplete last line] 60 lines, 4608 characters (2572 null) 
unicom1.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/unicom/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.cluster_database=true
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='+DG01REDO/unicom/controlfile/current.256.768792603','+DG02REDO/unicom/controlfile/current.256.768792605'
*.db_block_size=32768
*.db_cache_size=10737418240
*.db_create_file_dest='+DG01DATA'
*.db_crC^AC"^D^A^D{Oeate_online_log_dest_1='+DG01REDO'
*.db_create_online_log_dest_2='+DG02REDO'
*.db_domain=''
*.db_files=4096
*.db_keep_cache_size=2147483648
*.db_name='unicom'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='+DG01REDO'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=5218762752
*.db_writer_processes=8
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=unicomXDB)'
*.hash_area_size=134217728
unicom2.instance_number=2
unicom1.instance_number=1
*.job_queue_processes=20
*.memory_max_target=47244640256
*.memoC^AC"^E^A^D^A8ry_target=47244640256
*.open_cursors=1000
*.parallel_force_local=TRUE
*.parallel_max_servers=94
*.parallel_min_servers=16
*.pga_aggregate_target=21474836480
*.processes=1000
*.remote_listener='rac-scan:1521'
:q!
$ ls
core                  hc_unicom2.dat        init.ora              initunicom2.ora       orapwunicom2          pfileunicom.ora       spfile.262.768832711  spfileunicom.ora
$ strings spfileunicom.ora > pfileunicom.ora
$ vi pfileunicom.ora
"pfileunicom.ora" 62 lines, 1949 characters 
unicom1.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/unicom/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.cluster_database=true
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='+DG01REDO/unicom/controlfile/current.256.768792603','+DG02REDO/unicom/controlfile/current.256.768792605'
*.db_block_size=32768
*.db_cache_size=10737418240
*.db_create_file_dest='+DG01DATA'
*.db_create_online_log_dest_1='+DG01REDO'
*.db_create_online_log_dest_2='+DG02REDO'
*.db_domain=''
*.db_files=4096
*.db_keep_cache_size=1024000000
*.db_name='unicom'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='+DG01REDO'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=5218762752
*.db_writer_processes=8
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=unicomXDB)'
*.hash_area_size=134217728
unicom2.instance_number=2
unicom1.instance_number=1
*.job_queue_processes=20
*.memory_max_target=26843545600
*.memory_target=26843545600
*.open_cursors=1000
*.parallel_force_local=TRUE
*.parallel_max_servers=94
*.parallel_min_servers=16
*.processes=1000
*.remote_listener='rac-scan:1521'
*.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'
"pfileunicom.ora" 42 lines, 1345 characters 
$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs
$ sqlplus / a^C
$ 
$ ipcs
IPC status from <running system> as of Sat Dec  3 19:38:30 CST 2011
T         ID      KEY        MODE        OWNER    GROUP
Message Queues:
Shared Memory:
m          5   0x375dba58 --rw-rw----     grid oinstall
Semaphores:
s         15   0xe438b514 --ra-ra----   oracle asmadmin
s         11   0xedb374bc --ra-ra----     grid oinstall
$ sqlplus / as sysdba


SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sat Dec 3 19:38:37 2011


Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to an idle instance.


SQL> startup mount pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/pfileunicom.ora';
ORACLE instance started.


Total System Global Area 2.6732E+10 bytes
Fixed Size                  2170944 bytes
Variable Size            9529466816 bytes
Database Buffers         1.7046E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers              154394624 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL>








--以上操作已经好了




### BEGIN LOG - DATE: 111203, TIME: 194542 ###




SQL> 
SQL> select name from v$asm_diskgroup;


NAME
------------------------------
DG01DATA
DG01REDO
DG02REDO
DGCRS


SQL> select na^C


SQL> 
SQL> 
SQL> 
SQL> create spfile='+DG01DATA' from pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/pfileunicom.ora';


File created.


SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
$ srvctl config database -d unicom
Database unique name: unicom
Database name: unicom
Oracle home: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
Oracle user: oracle
Spfile: +DG01DATA/unicom/spfileunicom.ora
Domain: 
Start options: open
Stop options: immediate
Database role: PRIMARY
Management policy: AUTOMATIC
Server pools: unicom
Database instances: unicom1,unicom2
Disk Groups: DG01DATA,DG01REDO,DG02REDO
Mount point paths: 
Services: dataclient,dataldr
Type: RAC
Database is administrator managed
$ id
uid=1101(oracle) gid=1000(oinstall)
$ sqlplus / as sysdba


SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sat Dec 3 19:53:09 2011


Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.




Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options


SQL> create spfile='+DG01DATA/unicom/spfileunicom.ora' pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/pfileunicom.ora';
create spfile='+DG01DATA/unicom/spfileunicom.ora' pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/pfileunicom.ora'
                                                  *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00923: FROM keyword not found where expected




SQL> create spfile='+DG01DATA/unicom/spfileunicom.ora' from pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/pfileunicom.ora';


File created.


SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
$ srvctl modify ^C
$ 
$ srvctl config database -d unicm
^C$ 
$ 
$ 
$ srvctl config database -d unicom
Database unique name: unicom
Database name: unicom
Oracle home: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
Oracle user: oracle
Spfile: +DG01DATA/unicom/spfileunicom.ora
Domain: 
Start options: open
Stop options: immediate
Database role: PRIMARY
Management policy: AUTOMATIC
Server pools: unicom
Database instances: unicom1,unicom2
Disk Groups: DG01DATA,DG01REDO,DG02REDO
Mount point paths: 
Services: dataclient,dataldr
Type: RAC
Database is administrator managed
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ exit
root@edsm02 # ^C
root@edsm02 # 
root@edsm02 # id
uid=0(root) gid=0(root)
root@edsm02 # su - oracle
Oracle Corporation      SunOS 5.10      Generic Patch   January 2005
export LOGNAME
export ORACLE_BASE
export ORACLE_HOME
export ORACLE_SID
export ORA_CRS_HOME
export PATH
$ sqlplus / as sysdba


SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sat Dec 3 19:54:47 2011


Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.




Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options


SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01109: database not open




Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup




ORACLE instance started.


Total System Global Area 2.6732E+10 bytes
Fixed Size                  2170944 bytes
Variable Size            9730793408 bytes
Database Buffers         1.6844E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers              154394624 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> SQL> SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
$ pwd
/export/home/oracle
$ ls
oradiag_oracle           phoenix_ln_20110609.log  script                   uphoenix_bk              uphoenixwy1103.dmp
phoenix_exp              phoenix_ln_20110609.sql  uphoenix0915z.dmp        uphoenixjc.dmp           ~
$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
$ ls
core                  hc_unicom2.dat        init.ora              initunicom2.ora       orapwunicom2          pfileunicom.ora       spfile.262.768832711  spfileunicom.ora
$ rm -^C
$ 
$ mv pfileunicom.ora pfileunicom.ora.bak
$ ls
core                  hc_unicom2.dat        init.ora              initunicom2.ora       orapwunicom2          pfileunicom.ora.bak   spfile.262.768832711  spfileunicom.ora
$ mv spfileunicom.ora spfileunicom.ora.bak
$ ls
core                  hc_unicom2.dat        init.ora              initunicom2.ora       orapwunicom2          pfileunicom.ora.bak   spfile.262.768832711  spfileunicom.ora.bak
$ rm spfile.262*
$ ls
core                  hc_unicom2.dat        init.ora              initunicom2.ora       orapwunicom2          pfileunicom.ora.bak   spfileunicom.ora.bak
$ ore^C
$ 
$ more initunicom2.ora
SPFILE='+DG01DATA/unicom/spfileunicom.ora'
$ 
$ 
$ 
$